Essentials of Human Anatomy and Physiology(11) Activity lab 5

What step occurs first in the embryonic development of most bones? Appositional growth occurs. A bony collar forms. The medullary cavity is formed. Cartilage is digested away.

A bony collar forms.

Lordosis

Anterior Curve

Scoliosis

Lateral Curve

What is the function of red bone marrow? fat storage mineral storage glucose storage blood cell formation

blood cell formation

Which of these allow nutrients to diffuse from the central canal to all the osteocytes within an osteon? perforating canals lamellae lacunae canaliculi

canaliculi

In what type of fracture is the bone broken into many fragments? greenstick impacted comminuted compression

comminuted

What term refers to the end of a long bone? medullary cavity epiphysis diaphysis epiphyseal line

epiphysis

What bone does NOT articulate directly with any other bone? hamate calcaneus hyoid mandible

hyoid

During soccer practice, Sadie tripped and tried to stop her fall with her outstretched arms. Her humerus broke and the broken ends were forced into each other. Sadie suffered a(n) __________ fracture. spiral compression comminuted impacted

impacted

Which of these bones form the hard palate? mandible and palatine maxillary and vomer ethmoid and vomer maxillary and palatine

maxillary and palatine

Which bones form the palm of the hand? metatarsal bones metacarpal bones carpal bones phalanges

metacarpal bones

During the repair of a fracture, which of the following cells form the bony callus? osteocytes osteons osteoblasts osteoclasts

osteoblasts

Which of these bones is most susceptible to fractures? wrist bones in toddlers ribs osteoporotic bones phalanges

osteoporotic bones

What type of joint is found between the atlas and the dens of the axis? condylar hinge plane pivot

pivot

What causes the pain associated with a herniated disc? abnormal spinal curvature pinching the spinal cord pressure on spinal nerves by the protruding disc vertebral bodies scraping against each other bone spurs pressing against nerves

pressure on spinal nerves by the protruding disc

Julie fell off her horse and dislocated her right shoulder. The primary treatment to resolve this injury is __________. remodeling pain-relieving drugs reduction bed rest

reduction

Which of these bones is part of the axial skeleton? coxal bone sternum clavicle scapula

sternum

How is a ball-and-socket joint classified? fibrous joint synovial joint cartilaginous joint amphiarthrosis

synovial joint

Kyphosis

Posterior Curve

What type of vertebrae have openings in their transverse processes that guide the vertebral arteries up toward the brain? cervical lumbar thoracic sacral

cervical

Which spinal curvature develops as an infant begins to hold up his or her head? lumbar thoracic cervical sacral

cervical

Which of these is responsible for the flexibility of bone? collagen canaliculi calcium salts cartilage

collagen

What is the region of the coxal bone that bears most of the body weight when a person is sitting? pubis greater sciatic notch iliac crest ischial tuberosity

ischial tuberosity

Miguel has an abnormal forward curvature in the lumbar region, resulting in a swaybacked posture. Miguel has __________. scoliosis kyphosis lordosis gout

lordosis

Which bones attach directly to the sternum? false ribs scapula thoracic vertebrae true ribs

true ribs

Which of these is a typical characteristic of the female pelvis? minimal flaring of ilia pubic arch less than 90 degrees ischial spines that are short and farther apart deeper than the male pelvis

ischial spines that are short and farther apart

What is the distinguishing feature of a synovial joint? fibrous connective tissue epiphyseal plate joint cavity fibrocartilage

joint cavity

Part B - Bone Growth

Bones increase in diameter through the process of appositional growth. 2. Bones increase in length by the process of ossification. 3. A person with epiphyseal lines is not growing taller. 4. A person with epiphyseal plates is growing taller.

Which of these statements describes a function of fontanels? Fontanels protect the brain as the young child begins to walk. Fontanels connect regions of the developing brain. Fontanels allow the fetal skull to be compressed slightly during childbirth. Fontanels compress the brain so that it will not grow too fast during infancy.

Fontanels allow the fetal skull to be compressed slightly during childbirth.

Interactive Activity: Role of Bone Salts and Matrix

Hardness: ability to resist compression; due to calcium salts Tensile strength: ability to stretch without breaking; due to collagen fibers and other organic parts

Part A - Overview of Ossification

Osteocyte: a mature bone cell trapped in bone matrix. 2. Osteoblast: a cell that stores calcium in bone by making bone matrix. 3. Osteoclast: a cell that releases calcium from bone, increasing blood calcium levels. 4. Osteoclast: parathyroid hormone (PTH) activates this type of cell.

Which of the following is NOT a condition or injury most commonly associated with older people? rheumatoid arthritis (RA) comminuted fracture greenstick fracture herniated disc

greenstick fracture

Hasan is a three-year-old boy who lives in Dhaka, Bangladesh. He is small for his age, has bowed legs, exhibits muscle weakness, and complains often of pain in his bones. Hasan most likely has __________. scoliosis osteoarthritis kyphosis rickets

rickets

Which bones form the shoulder joint? clavicle and humerus scapula and clavicle scapula and humerus scapula, clavicle, and humerus

scapula and humerus

Janetta has a frontal headache and pressure over her cheekbones and between her eyes. She has a thick nasal discharge and congestion. Janetta mostly likely has __________. sinusitis bursitis gout rickets

sinusitis

Which bone of the cranium contains a small depression that surrounds the pituitary gland? sphenoid bone frontal bone parietal bone occipital bone

sphenoid bone

Which of these is a function of the skeletal system? creation of the structural framework within soft organs of the body communication system removal of old or damaged blood cells storage site for calcium

storage site for calcium

Which of the following is advised treatment for gout? weight loss; avoid foods high in nucleic acids; avoid alcohol; take ibuprofen exercise; cold packs; large doses of aspirin; immunosuppressant drugs aspirin; moderate activity; hot pepper extract; glucosamine sulfate All of these are advised treatments for gout.

weight loss; avoid foods high in nucleic acids; avoid alcohol; take ibuprofen