ethics

JD says that moral rights are meant to protect important __________ in part by imposing _______ on others to respect them.

. human interests/duties

JD says virtue ethics has experienced something of a revival in recent years. At the same time, __________ has gone out of favor.

. psychological egoism

One argument for ____________ appeals to our autonomy as decision-makers and claims that it is wrong to treat someone as if they were a thing or object to be used.

.employee participation on the job

JD suggests that as a __________, I might benefit from a lower price on razor blades at Wal-Mart, but as a ____________ I might receive greater benefit by paying a higher price at a local neighborhood store.

Consumer/citizen

JD says that privacy is important because it serves to establish the boundary between persons and thereby serves to define one's ____________.

a. individuality

JD says that two significant challenges to the private property defense of the economic model are the recognition that property rights are not ________ and a more accurate understanding of what it means to be a _________.

absolute/stockholder

What is the name of the environmental philosophy that underlies most hunting and fishing regulations?

anthropocentric conservation

JD says the narrow view of employee obligations is more plausible when the employees _______________.

are management

Which of the following professions might best be thought of as a gatekeeper?

attorney

In so far as advertising provides me useful information on which I can make a more responsible market decision, advertising reinforces my ___________.

autonomy

What are the two most important values for the liberal model?

autonomy and free choice

JD suggests that freely consenting to take a risk implies being free to ___________.

avoid the risk

According to the economic model of corporate social responsibility, Facebook is _______ for society.

beneficial

JD suggests that negligence codifies two fundamental ethical precepts. Which of the following is one of them?

do no harm principle

As part of the move toward a more sustainable business model, some argue that understanding consumer demand in terms of providing services rather than products will provide incentives for product redesigns that create more ____________ and more ____________ products.

durable/easily recyclable

Data from the 2010 U.S. census tells us that the American workforce is becoming increasingly more uniform. The percentages of male and female workers, African American workers, Hispanic workers, and Asian American workers are not expected to change during this decade.

false

In the push for moral autonomy, principle-based ethics is criticized for their claim that the best way to determine someone's interests is to let them decide for themselves.

false

JD argues that discrimination in all its forms is morally unacceptable.

false

JD says that the strongest argument in favor of due process in the workplace is a utilitarian one that appeals to concerns about efficiency.

false

JD says the automobile industry's ability to influence Washington to get light trucks and SUV's exempted from CAFE standards is an example of why a regulatory approach to environmental CSR is the best approach over the long run.

false

One challenge to principle-based ethics is that it does not understand the significance of something like parental love.

false

Whistleblowing involves the disclosure of unethical or illegal activities to anyone willing to listen. true/false

false

Milton Friedman is critical of what he calls the short-sightedness of business people when it comes to certain macro-like issues. One good example, he says, is the fact that some business people support ______________.

federal wage and price controls

Milton Friedman argues that the social responsibility of managers is to make as much money for their stockholders as possible. For Friedman that responsibility follows from the character and nature of a ________ economy.

free

Because a version of preference utilitarianism can be identified with ____________, utilitarianism has had an enormous impact on business and business ethics.

free market economics

JD says important ethical questions should be raised whenever marketing practices either deny consumers ____________ or rely on the fact that consumers lack ____________.

full information/ understanding

JD says that business managers have a responsibility to reinvest in ____________, the one factor of production traditionally ignored in economic and financial analysis.

natural capital

One argument for the narrow view of employee responsibility says that because managerial employees have an important role to play in our economic system and a well functioning economic system is to everyone's advantage, the professional duties of management ought to take priority over other ethical obligations. JD says this argument has its roots in ____________.

utilitarianism

In his work on sustainability and ecological economics Herman Daly argues that we need to recognize that our economic activity is part of ______________.

the larger biosphere

If Albert Carr's analogy between poker and business is correct, then where poker has its rules of the game, business has ______________.

the law

JD says the goal of all marketing is _________.

the sale

According to JD what do free market economics and preference utilitarianism have in common?

they seek the same end

Part of what the concept of negligence is about is to encourage people to be __________ and hold them liable when they are not.

thoughtful

JD says the use of cost-benefit analysis in establishing workplace safety standards would commit us to ______________.

treating health and safety issues as just one preference among others on the bargaining table

According to JD, white males have benefited from unfair hiring practices by enjoying an unfair competitive advantage in the hiring process.

true

According to the narrow view of employee responsibility, loyalty is one of the more important obligations an employee has toward his employer.

true

Compare two ad campaigns. One campaign targets people who are vulnerable as consumers. The other campaign targets people who are vulnerable in a more general way. Initially, JD concludes that the former (targeting those who are vulnerable as consumers) is unethical.

true

One argument in favor of insider trading is that the practice would help make available within the market useful information that will move the price of stocks closer to their real value.

true

Some make a distinction between what work can do for me and what work can do to me. The human fulfillment model is more interested in the latter.

true

Suppose every time Mary gets up from her desk and walks somewhere in the office Mark usually stares and smiles provocatively. Mark's behavior might constitute sexual harassment.

true

When discussing the ethics of pricing, JD says that we should understand that competition is ethically legitimate only as long as it is ____________ and _____________.

Fair/does not cause harm

JD argues that in business an ethical leader is someone with enough smarts to avoid making tough decisions true/false

False

JD argues that the classical interpretation of the conventional model recognizes employee rights such as due process and fair wages and benefits.

False

JD says that nearly all studies suggest that the most effective ethical leader is one who keeps her ethics to herself and does not let others know when she does something ethically right. true/false

False

What is the first-generation problem?

Often a kind of market failure where the first generation of employees are "sacrificed" before we learn new information about health and safety risks.

When discussing principle-based ethics, JD says two important rights have emerged as basic within ethics.? What are they?

Autonomy and equality

JD suggests that if the hedonistic version of the conventional model is correct, then we cannot claim that employees have a right to meaningful work. Why?

Because according the hedonistic version it would be impossible to distinguish between rights and desires.

Suppose I am out doing some therapeutic shopping and I purchase an item. According to Gerald Dworkin and Roger Crisp which of the following questions (on my part) might suggest that my desire was independent?

Is shopping to feel good this way really worth it?

Which of the following can be an example of an exception to the employment at will doctrine?

Legal protection from being fired on the basis of gender. b. Legal protection from being fired on the basis of race. c. Legal protection from being fired for serving on a jury. d. Legal protection from being fired just before you are supposed to receive your earned annual bonus. e. All of the above***

JD says that when someone argues that beyond the question of what advertising does for people, there is another important ethical question about what marketing does to people, what important point are they raising?

Marketing helps shape our culture and our own identity.

JD says that in past decades there have a number of political and legal actions taken to bring equal opportunity to women and minorities. For JD, how successful have they been?

Mixed results

From a strict free market view, when is preserving biological diversity an appropriate policy goal?

Only if doing so satisfies more consumer preferences than the alternative.

_________ occurs when the buyer has minimal purchase options for something she needs and the seller takes advantage of the situation and significantly raises prices.

Price gouging

JD tells us he has a friend who is a potter. His friend is a good potter and he makes some of the most beautiful pottery one can imagine. What is JD's point here?

Sometimes work is valuable for more than just the income it produces

According to JD, how might supporters of preferential hiring respond to the charge that the practice harms white males?

The argue that white males are only losing what they did not deserve in the first place.

In their article on EAW and due process, how do Werhane and Radin respond to the concern that due process is inefficient?

They suggest that the facts tell us a different story - those companies that have due process procedures in place are not more inefficient.

Concerning business's responsibility to the environment, JD says that one important difference between the narrow view and the post-1970s regulatory model is ______________.

a shift in who shoulders the responsibility

For the hedonistic model happiness is simply getting everything you want.

True

JD says that he expects that most college-aged white males who read chapter eleven will oppose preferential hiring policies. What advice does JD offer that kind of reader?

Try to look at the issue from different points of view.

JD discusses two ways that are used to justify the economic model. What are they?

Utilitarianism and moral rights

What is the first-generation problem?

When we learn about market failures and how to prevent harms in the future only by sacrificing the first generation as a means of gaining that information.

Which of the following is best associated with what is sometimes called the "tough luck" standard?

caveat emptor

JD says that the __________ defends a very detailed recipe for happiness while the __________ allows people to choose whatever ends they desire.

classical interpretation/hedonistic interpretation

One of the arguments used to justify strict products liability (SPL) is that it creates an added incentive for manufacturers to create safe products. Which of the following is a criticism of that argument?

confuses SPL with negligence

In Built to Last: Successful Habits of Visionary Companies, Collins and Porras found that long-term successful companies put a great deal of emphasis on ______________.

core values

When thinking about the ethical significance of a company's culture and virtue ethics, one might say that ________ is to the company as _________ is to the individual.

culture / character

JD says the FTC standards of ________ and ________ are two sides of the same unethical coin.

deception/unfairness

JD says there are three general reasons typically cited to justify the importance of being honest. A __________ justification is concerned with the dignity of people. A __________ justification claims honesty is necessary for any social cooperation. And a ____________ justification is concerned with a person's moral integrity.

deontological/utilitarian/virtue ethics

JD mentions the redesign of an industrial pumping system at Interface Corporation (which resulted in a twelve-fold energy savings) as an example of which of the following?

ecoefficiency

jD points out that the employment at will rule is still the default legal doctrine in our country because the _________ has the burden of showing a wrong has occurred.

employee

What was it about Enron's use of SPEs (special purpose entities) that contributed to its financial ruin?

enron used its own stock as collateral

A toxic culture is one that is ______________.

ethically challenged

JD suggests that if a company's culture is only about generating profit and the company understands its "social" responsibility in terms of the economic model of CSR, then ethical rules will seem like ________________.

external constraints

Which of the following is an example of a market failure?

externalities

It seems a bit circular to suppose that the law is the best place for a business to look for ethical direction since business strongly influences ___________.

government regulation

JD says that the market approach is inadequate when it comes to public goods like clean air because goods like that ___________________.

have no established market price

Twentieth-century philosopher Hannah Arendt may have been both impressed and distraught with the freedoms we gain from modern technology when she complained that very few any more know the "higher and more meaningful activities for the sake of which this freedom would deserve to be won." Which model for understanding work is implicit in Arendt's remark?

human fullfiment model

A company's culture can change. By way of metaphor, JD uses ________ to refer to the process.

iceburg

When talking about the meaning of "work" JD discusses a distinction some have made between a job, a career, and a calling. JD says that each of these roles is distinguished by the degree to which the ________ of the person filling the role is determined by the role itself.

identity

JD says that one way to determine what ethical rights we have is to recognize and connect them with _______.

important interests

One troubling implication of the merit argument is that if a merit principle is taken seriously enough then it would seem that __________________.

injustice is widespread throughout our economy

After discussing several examples, JD concludes that the mutually acceptable lowest price is _____________ ground(s) for ethically justifying a pricing policy.

insufficient

JD says one way to understand rights is to think of them as protecting important _________.

interests

One argument used to support preferential hiring appeals to the notion of compensating the injured party(s). According to JD, compensation is morally important because it attempts to address the issue of _____________.

justice

Thinking about virtue ethics, JD says that people like Kenneth Lay and Andrew Fastow certainly knew the difference between right and wrong, they just _______________.

lacked the motivation and the character to do the right thing

According to JD, an ethical culture can also have a direct and practical impact ____________.

on the bottom line

Against the criticism that certain kinds of marketing are unethical because they target vulnerable consumers, a defender of marketing might respond that marketing targets ___________ and not ___________.

populations/individuals

Sustainability can be defined as the ability to meet the needs of the _____________ without compromising the ability of _______________ to meet their own needs.

present/future generations

JD discusses two ways to establish due process. One is to identify all the just cause conditions for firing someone and the other relies on __________ for protecting due process.

procedure

JD says that marketing research seeks to learn something about the _________ of potential customers.

psychology

John Stuart Mill believed that there is a(n) _________ dimension to happiness and that human happiness is not ________.

qualitative/mere hedonism

Against the claim that economic growth is always a good thing, JD argues that economic growth measures only the ________ of what consumers spend, it does not assess the ________ of what they are purchasing with that spending.

quantity/ quality

One criticism of government regulation directed at marketing practices that are intended to deceive is _____________.

that businesses end up being punished not for what they did, but for what some bureaucrat thinks they intended to do

JD says that in business where the law does not give adequate advice, __________ is likely to be the determining factor.

the companys culture

What Norman Bowie calls the moral minimum is ___________.

the duty not to cause harm to others.

JD says questions about meaningful work (and the responsibilities that may come with it) take on added significance when we recognize three facts about work. One is the rise in contingent work. Another is an increase in job mobility and a third is ______________.

the fact that few workers have significant choices when it comes to employment

One deontological argument used to support preferential hiring claims that by ignoring past and present disadvantages that certain groups have experienced (and continue to experience) and insist that everyone be treated equally in all respects is to perpetuate _____________.

the inequalities

JD says that because energy markets have a history of _________, that was a reason the energy industry, traditionally, was regulated.

volatility

Which of the following questions would virtue ethics raise?

what kind of person do i want to become

JD says that economic textbooks often assume that consumers are benefited whenever their preferences are satisfied in the market. JD suggests that this assumption ______________.

will not bear up under close scrutiny