ETHICS final jeopardy

A study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association showed that postalworkers who tested positive for drug use in a preemployment urine test were at least 50 percent more likely to be:

fired, injured, disciplined, or absent than those who tested negative

According to the philosopher Joel Feinberg,

the rights of future generations are contingent upon those people coming into existence

An early 1970s government study ("Work in America") identified three chief sources of worker dissatisfaction. Which of the following is one of those sources?

the rigidity of rules and regulations

According to David Ewing, two factors explain the absence of civil liberties and the prevalence of authoritarianism in the workplace. Which of the following is one of them?

the rise of personnel engineering and professional management

Which of the following is true of factory farms?

they permit the mass production of meat at low prices.

To be successful any test used by a corporation must be

valid

Austin Fagothey and Milton Gonsalves believe a direct strike is justified

when it is a last resort

The most accurate statement about workplace safety is

workers are often unaware of the hazards they face on the job

Douglas McGregor rejects Theory X, which holds that

workers essentially dislike work and will do everything they can to avoid it

Which of these statements is true concerning court cases about discrimination?

In the University of Michigan cases (Gratz and Grutter), the Supreme Court upheld moderate, flexible affirmative action programs.

Groups of 18th century skilled artisans formed secret societies for two basic reasons. Which of the following is one of those reasons?

To equalize their relationship with their employers.

Per the textbook, what is the most common reason that people leave their jobs?

a poor relationship with their immediate supervisor

Which of the following is a correct statement about union activities?

a sympathetic strike occurs when workers who have no particular grievance of their own and who may or may not have the same employer decide to strike in support of others

Which statement is true about the hiring and employment process?

according to common law, unless there is an explicit contractual provision to the contrary, every employment is employment "at will"

Choose the most accurate statement concerning the workplace

an employer's financial capabilities affect what constitutes a fair wage scale for that employer's employees

The Hawthorne effect shows that

attention and recognition can enhance worker productivity and motivation

A "trade secret"

can be almost any information not generally known if it is valuable to its possessor and treated confidentially

Polygraph tests

can produce false positives

Many major employers routinely monitor the performance of their employees through the computers and telephones they use. The one check that they can do is

check the number of keystrokes that word processors enter during the day

Out of these four, which one is the only correct statement concerning OSHA?

critics call OSHA a "toothless tiger"

Which statement has the proper perspective about drug testing?

drug testing can only be defensible when it is really pertinent to employee performance and when there is a lot at stake

Griggs v. Duke Power Company, which prohibits

employers from requiring a high school education as a prerequisite for employment or promotion without demonstrable evidence that the associated skills relate directly to job performance

Fair personnel policies and decisions must be based on criteria that are clear, job related, and

equally applied

Choose the factual precept concerning wages:

a fair wage presupposes a fair work contract

Fill in the blank: U.S. companies have a history of paying off foreign officials for business favors. Such acts were declared illegal by the _________________________________ of 1977.

Foreign Corrupt Practices Act

Which act provides sweeping new legal protection for employees who report possible securities fraud, making it unlawful for companies to "discharge, demote, suspend, threaten, harass, or in any other manner discriminate against" them?

Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

The proper approach to promote safety is found in the "hidden culture" which is

a culture that is proactively oriented toward safety

According to common law, to legally dismiss an employee, an employer

need have no reason at all

The English philosopher Francis Bacon (1561-1626) called conscious and unconscious biases and stereotypes

"idols of the mind"

Business has considered the environment to be

free and nearly limitless

In the 1997 case of U.S. vs. Hagan, the Supreme Court found that Hagan

had misappropriated confidential information

A decade after wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone Park, their presence was discovered to

have changed the behavior of elk

In the interview process, the interview should avoid rudeness, coarseness, condescension, and

hostility

When it comes to obtaining information about employees, a key concept is

informed consent

The term ecology refers to the science of the

interrelationships among organisms and their environments

The hiring process needs to include screening, testing, and

interviewing

Cost-benefit analysis

involves value judgments and factual certainties

Some environmental regulations (like forbidding the burning of coal in cities) benefit each and every one of us because the air we breathe is cleaner. If a company ignores the regulation and burns coal, while others obey the regulation, then the company

is being a free-rider

Of the four types of discharge, firing

is for cause dismissal - the result of employee theft, gross insubordination, release of proprietary information, and so on.

Which of the following is true of a regulatory approach to environmental problems?

it requires the EPA or other body to determine the most effective, feasible pollution-control technology for each different industry

Which of the following is an accurate statement about employment law in the workplace?

it's illegal to fire workers because of union membership

William F. Baxter addresses environmental ethics by noting

judgments about environmental problems ought to be people-oriented

Which of these is a valid reasoning for not hiring a potential employee?

lack of experience

One of the three chief sources for dissatisfaction in the workplace is

lack of opportunities to be one's own boss

Conflicts of interests are what kind of problem?

moral

Fill in the blank: According to the textbook a _______________ vegetarian rejects eating meat based on moral grounds.

moral

One truth about factory farms is

most animals we eat are from them

Privacy

must be respected if we are to function as complete, self-governing agents.

Used properly, personality tests serve two purposes in the work place. Which of the following is one of those purposes?

personality tests hep screen applicants for jobs by indicating areas of adequacy and inadequacy

As they try and fit into a work world dominated by white men, women and minorities can be disadvantaged by

prejudiced attitudes, stereotypes, and false preconceptions

"Pollution permits" are an example of which of the following methods of achieving our environmental goals?

pricing mechanisms

Unions employ two kinds of boycotts to enforce their demands. These two kinds of boycotts are

primary and secondary

According to Professor Norman Bowie, which of the following factors is primarily relevant to the motivation of whistle-blowers?

public interest morally outweighs loyalty to the organization

The two types of sexual harassment include

quid pro quo and hostile work environment

When investigators sent equally qualified young white and black men - all of them articulate and conventionally dressed - to apply for entry-level jobs in Chicago and Washington, D.C. the results clearly showed

racial discrimination against young African-American men

Fill in the blank (two words needed): Since Congress passed the American With Disabilities Act in 1994, employers must make "__________________________ ________________________" for disabled workers.

reasonable accomodations

Which of the following is a drawback to the regulatory approach?

regulation can take away an industry's incentive to do more than the minimum

One key questionable premise underlying personality tests is

that al individuals can usefully and validly be placed into a relatively small number of categories of personality types and character traits

The "tragedy of the commons" is

that individual pursuit of self interest can sometimes make everyone worse off

According to the anthropocentric (or human-oriented) ethic of Baxter and others:

the Grand Canyon is only valuable because people care about it

Today, most large corporations not only accept the necessity of affirmative action, but also find that ___________ benefits when they make themselves more diverse.

the bottom line

According to David Ewing

the corporate invasion of employees' civil rights is rampant

According to David Ewing,

the corporate invasion of employees' civil rights is rampant

Which of the following statements is accurate?

the law treats sexual harassment as a form of sexual discrimination

Which of these is a valid reason for not hiring a potential employee?

the person has a lack of experience

Correct "Corporate in-fighting," "management power struggles," "maneuvering and politics and power grabbing," and "Machiavellian intrigues" are all phrases H. Ross Perot uses to describe

the reality of corporate life today

According to the philosopher Joel Feinberg

the rights of future generations are contingent upon those people coming into existence