Ethics Test 1
Which verse of Scripture is the critical principle of love of neighbor based on?
1 John 4:8
What are the supposed problems with Divine Command Theory?
1) calling God good would mean good was before God 2) conflict between commands in Scripture
What is the way to resolve when divine commands genuinely conflict?
1) nonconflicting absolutism 2) admit that real moral conflicts do exist, but sin is still sin 3) graded absolutism
Definition of Natural Law
A body of unchanging moral principles regarded as a basis for all human conduct
Definition of Metaethics
A branch of analytic philosophy that explores the status, foundations, and scope of moral values, properties, and words
Definition of Ethical Delimma
A complex situation that often involves an apparent mental conflict between moral imperatives, in which to obey one would result in transgressing another
Definition of Divine Command Theory
A meta-ethical theory which proposes that asserts that what is moral is determined by what God commands, and that to be moral is to follow his commands
What kind of standard does ethics seek to establish?
A standard in which we an make good decisions from
Definition of Theocracy
A system of government in which priests rule in the name of God or a god
Definition of Descriptive Ethics
Also known as comparative ethics, is the study of people's beliefs about morality; a sociological ethic- it studies society and different cultures
Definition of Emotivism
An ethical theory that regards ethical and value judgments as expressions of feeling or attitude and prescriptions of action, rather than assertions or reports of anything
Who is considered the dominant contributor to ethical theory during the transition between the ancient world and the Middle Ages?
Augustine
What is ultimate expression of the virtues involved in following Jesus?
Becoming like Christ
When morality degrades in society, what do the people fear?
Chaos and destruction of society
For Aquinas, special revelation, or canon law, was called _____?
Christ and the Word of God
What are the two cities Augustine conceived?
City of God and City of Man
What was the goal of the Law in general?
Create a kingdom of priests and a holy nation
What system presents actions as either intrinsically right or wrong?
Deontological Ethics
Where are the blessings and curses covered in the Pentateuch?
Deuteronomy 28
A system in which the ultimate foundation for morality is the revealed will of God is called _____.
Divine Command Theory
Stressing the commandments of God is an example of what?
Divine Command Theory
From who did Scott Rae adapt his seven-step model?
Dr. William W. May
What did David Hume contribute to the study of ethics?
Emotivism
Which ethical system where moral language expresses emotions about a subject?
Emotivism
What did Immanuel Kant contribute to the study of ethics?
Emovitism
For Aquinas, social institutions exist to _____?
Encourage the development of good people
Augustine attributed individualism and self-interest to _____?
Ethical Egoism
What did Augustine contribute to the study of ethics?
Ethical Egoism
What did Thomas Hobbes contribute to the study of ethics?
Ethical Egoism
What is the theory that morality of an act is determined by one's own self interest?
Ethical Egoism
Which one holds that whatever God commands is right because He is sovereign?
Ethical Voluntarism
Definition of Aretaic Ethics
Ethics with an emphasis on the role of one's character and virtues
Where can you find the 10 Commandments
Exodus 20 and Deuteronomy 5
Where is the Ten Commandments located specifically in the OT?
Exodus 20 and Deuteronomy 5
According to Stoicism, a virtuous person is _____?
Free from all passions
Where is the original intent of human sexuality found in the Bible?
Genesis 2:24
God's moral and ethical system centers on _____?
God's Character
Why does God command that we love our neighbors?
God's Character
God's moral revelation in His word is an expression of _____?
God's Love
Who was a character in "The Republic" that could become invisible?
Gyges
What is a prohibition to what a king can do?
He can't have great wealth, military strength, national security alliances
Qadosh translates into what English word?
Holy
What are the sources of moral authority?
Human Construction and a Higher Being
Which idea characterized the ethics of Thomas Hobbes?
Humanistic Materialism which leads to absolutism
What is one of the principle reasons stated in chapter one for being moral?
It is inherently good and is foundational for one to flourish in life
How was the Ten Commandments different from other laws that parallel it?
It is person-centered
According to Rae, natural law is limited in its usefulness because _____.
It's not clear or complete
Definition of Deontological Ethics
Judges the morality of an action based on the action's adherence to a rule or rules. It is sometimes described as "duty-" or "obligation-" or "rule-" based ethics, because rules "bind you to your duty."
Which part(s) of the OT law is the Church under?
Moral
Which part(s) of the OT law does most scholars use as an ethical foundation?
Moral and Civil
Definition of Ethics
Moral principles that govern a person's or group's behavior; ethics deals with moral reasoning
What is the end result of ethical deliberation, the substance of right and wrong?
Morality
What amounts to general revelation in the area of moral values?
Natural Law
What does the Bible appeal in addition to the special revelation of God?
Natural Law, Egoism and Self-Interest
For Hobbes, the fundamental right of every human being is _____?
Natural instinct
Which worldivew upholds this position: "Moral knowledge has been subjected to the realm of beliefs and considered parallel to religious beliefs?"
Naturalism
Which worldview upholds this position: "Moral knowledge is genuine knowledge in the same way that scientific knowledge is real?"
Naturalism
What did Aristotle contribute to the study of ethics?
Nicomachean Ethics
What is the primary ethical system covered in Moral Choices by Scott Rae?
Normative Ethics
Definition of Ethical Egoism
Normative ethic, moral agents ought to do what is good for themselves
Definition of Morality
Principles concerning the distinction between right and wrong or good and bad behavior
Which ethical system rejects the idea of universal moral values in favor or moral diversity?
Relativism
What challenge does the Evangelical Manifesto push?
Rethink identity and place in public life and reform its behavior
God provides the absolute criteria for determining _____?
Right and Wrong
Morality is concerned about what?
Right and Wrong
Definition of Virtue Theory
Role or character and virtue emphasized in moral philosophy
The OT concept of holiness is the root concept of what NT idea?
Sanctification
What did Joseph Fletcher contribute to the study of ethics?
Situational Ethics
One of Aquinas's famous works is called _____?
Summa theologica
In the OT, the emphasis on individual morality occurs most frequently in _____?
Ten Commandments
The Epicureans defined a pleasure as __________?
The absence of pain and suffering
Definition of Special Revelation
The belief that knowledge of God and of spiritual matters can be discovered through supernatural means, such as miracles or the scriptures, a disclosure of God's truth through means other than
Definition of Normative Ethics
The branch of philosophical ethics that investigates the set of questions that arise when considering how one ought to act, morally speaking
Define what is an ethical dilemma.
The conflict between two ore more value or virtue driven interests
Definition of Utilitarianism
The doctrine that actions are right if they are useful or for the benefit of a majority
Definition of Relativism
The doctrine that knowledge, truth, and morality exist in relation to culture, society, or historical context, and are not absolute
According to John Macquarrie, natural law refers to _____.
The most general moral principles
Definition of Ethical Voluntarism
The principle of relying on voluntary action (used especially with reference to the involvement of voluntary organizations in social welfare)
Definition of Natural Revelation
The revelation of God in nature
Definition of Teleological
The study of evidences of design in nature
Definition of Behaviorism
The theory that human and animal behavior can be explained in terms of conditioning, without appeal to thoughts or feelings, and that psychological disorders are best treated by altering behavior patterns
What dominant cultural worldview does the book point out in chapter one?
Theism
What did Jeremy Bentham contribute to the study of ethics?
Ultilitarianism
The Epicureans and Stoics held which of these views in common?
Utilitarianism
What did Epicureans contribute to the study of ethics?
Utilitarianism
What did John Stuart Mill contribute to the study of ethics?
Utilitarianism
What did Stoics contribute to the study of ethics?
Utilitarianism
Which ethical system is the morality of an act is determined by the end result?
Utilitarianism
Plato is an excellent example of _____.
Virtue Theory
What did Plato contribute to the study of ethics?
Virtue Theory
What did Thomas Aquinas contribute to the study of ethics?
Virtue Theory
Which ethical system is more concerned about the moral agent as opposite to action?
Virtue Theory
What is the major concern in Plato's classic work "The Republic"?
Would a person want to be moral?
Matthew 28:19-20
baptism and the Great Commission
For Aristotle, a virtue is the mean between what two extremes?
deficiency and excess
Deuteronomy 27-30
do's and don'ts
1 John 4:8
love; not loving is not knowing God
Galatians 5:19-21, 22-23
sin vs. fruit of the spirit
Leviticus 25
slavery and restoration
2 Timothy 3:16-17
value of scripture for work of God