Ethics Test 1

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Which verse of Scripture is the critical principle of love of neighbor based on?

1 John 4:8

What are the supposed problems with Divine Command Theory?

1) calling God good would mean good was before God 2) conflict between commands in Scripture

What is the way to resolve when divine commands genuinely conflict?

1) nonconflicting absolutism 2) admit that real moral conflicts do exist, but sin is still sin 3) graded absolutism

Definition of Natural Law

A body of unchanging moral principles regarded as a basis for all human conduct

Definition of Metaethics

A branch of analytic philosophy that explores the status, foundations, and scope of moral values, properties, and words

Definition of Ethical Delimma

A complex situation that often involves an apparent mental conflict between moral imperatives, in which to obey one would result in transgressing another

Definition of Divine Command Theory

A meta-ethical theory which proposes that asserts that what is moral is determined by what God commands, and that to be moral is to follow his commands

What kind of standard does ethics seek to establish?

A standard in which we an make good decisions from

Definition of Theocracy

A system of government in which priests rule in the name of God or a god

Definition of Descriptive Ethics

Also known as comparative ethics, is the study of people's beliefs about morality; a sociological ethic- it studies society and different cultures

Definition of Emotivism

An ethical theory that regards ethical and value judgments as expressions of feeling or attitude and prescriptions of action, rather than assertions or reports of anything

Who is considered the dominant contributor to ethical theory during the transition between the ancient world and the Middle Ages?

Augustine

What is ultimate expression of the virtues involved in following Jesus?

Becoming like Christ

When morality degrades in society, what do the people fear?

Chaos and destruction of society

For Aquinas, special revelation, or canon law, was called _____?

Christ and the Word of God

What are the two cities Augustine conceived?

City of God and City of Man

What was the goal of the Law in general?

Create a kingdom of priests and a holy nation

What system presents actions as either intrinsically right or wrong?

Deontological Ethics

Where are the blessings and curses covered in the Pentateuch?

Deuteronomy 28

A system in which the ultimate foundation for morality is the revealed will of God is called _____.

Divine Command Theory

Stressing the commandments of God is an example of what?

Divine Command Theory

From who did Scott Rae adapt his seven-step model?

Dr. William W. May

What did David Hume contribute to the study of ethics?

Emotivism

Which ethical system where moral language expresses emotions about a subject?

Emotivism

What did Immanuel Kant contribute to the study of ethics?

Emovitism

For Aquinas, social institutions exist to _____?

Encourage the development of good people

Augustine attributed individualism and self-interest to _____?

Ethical Egoism

What did Augustine contribute to the study of ethics?

Ethical Egoism

What did Thomas Hobbes contribute to the study of ethics?

Ethical Egoism

What is the theory that morality of an act is determined by one's own self interest?

Ethical Egoism

Which one holds that whatever God commands is right because He is sovereign?

Ethical Voluntarism

Definition of Aretaic Ethics

Ethics with an emphasis on the role of one's character and virtues

Where can you find the 10 Commandments

Exodus 20 and Deuteronomy 5

Where is the Ten Commandments located specifically in the OT?

Exodus 20 and Deuteronomy 5

According to Stoicism, a virtuous person is _____?

Free from all passions

Where is the original intent of human sexuality found in the Bible?

Genesis 2:24

God's moral and ethical system centers on _____?

God's Character

Why does God command that we love our neighbors?

God's Character

God's moral revelation in His word is an expression of _____?

God's Love

Who was a character in "The Republic" that could become invisible?

Gyges

What is a prohibition to what a king can do?

He can't have great wealth, military strength, national security alliances

Qadosh translates into what English word?

Holy

What are the sources of moral authority?

Human Construction and a Higher Being

Which idea characterized the ethics of Thomas Hobbes?

Humanistic Materialism which leads to absolutism

What is one of the principle reasons stated in chapter one for being moral?

It is inherently good and is foundational for one to flourish in life

How was the Ten Commandments different from other laws that parallel it?

It is person-centered

According to Rae, natural law is limited in its usefulness because _____.

It's not clear or complete

Definition of Deontological Ethics

Judges the morality of an action based on the action's adherence to a rule or rules. It is sometimes described as "duty-" or "obligation-" or "rule-" based ethics, because rules "bind you to your duty."

Which part(s) of the OT law is the Church under?

Moral

Which part(s) of the OT law does most scholars use as an ethical foundation?

Moral and Civil

Definition of Ethics

Moral principles that govern a person's or group's behavior; ethics deals with moral reasoning

What is the end result of ethical deliberation, the substance of right and wrong?

Morality

What amounts to general revelation in the area of moral values?

Natural Law

What does the Bible appeal in addition to the special revelation of God?

Natural Law, Egoism and Self-Interest

For Hobbes, the fundamental right of every human being is _____?

Natural instinct

Which worldivew upholds this position: "Moral knowledge has been subjected to the realm of beliefs and considered parallel to religious beliefs?"

Naturalism

Which worldview upholds this position: "Moral knowledge is genuine knowledge in the same way that scientific knowledge is real?"

Naturalism

What did Aristotle contribute to the study of ethics?

Nicomachean Ethics

What is the primary ethical system covered in Moral Choices by Scott Rae?

Normative Ethics

Definition of Ethical Egoism

Normative ethic, moral agents ought to do what is good for themselves

Definition of Morality

Principles concerning the distinction between right and wrong or good and bad behavior

Which ethical system rejects the idea of universal moral values in favor or moral diversity?

Relativism

What challenge does the Evangelical Manifesto push?

Rethink identity and place in public life and reform its behavior

God provides the absolute criteria for determining _____?

Right and Wrong

Morality is concerned about what?

Right and Wrong

Definition of Virtue Theory

Role or character and virtue emphasized in moral philosophy

The OT concept of holiness is the root concept of what NT idea?

Sanctification

What did Joseph Fletcher contribute to the study of ethics?

Situational Ethics

One of Aquinas's famous works is called _____?

Summa theologica

In the OT, the emphasis on individual morality occurs most frequently in _____?

Ten Commandments

The Epicureans defined a pleasure as __________?

The absence of pain and suffering

Definition of Special Revelation

The belief that knowledge of God and of spiritual matters can be discovered through supernatural means, such as miracles or the scriptures, a disclosure of God's truth through means other than

Definition of Normative Ethics

The branch of philosophical ethics that investigates the set of questions that arise when considering how one ought to act, morally speaking

Define what is an ethical dilemma.

The conflict between two ore more value or virtue driven interests

Definition of Utilitarianism

The doctrine that actions are right if they are useful or for the benefit of a majority

Definition of Relativism

The doctrine that knowledge, truth, and morality exist in relation to culture, society, or historical context, and are not absolute

According to John Macquarrie, natural law refers to _____.

The most general moral principles

Definition of Ethical Voluntarism

The principle of relying on voluntary action (used especially with reference to the involvement of voluntary organizations in social welfare)

Definition of Natural Revelation

The revelation of God in nature

Definition of Teleological

The study of evidences of design in nature

Definition of Behaviorism

The theory that human and animal behavior can be explained in terms of conditioning, without appeal to thoughts or feelings, and that psychological disorders are best treated by altering behavior patterns

What dominant cultural worldview does the book point out in chapter one?

Theism

What did Jeremy Bentham contribute to the study of ethics?

Ultilitarianism

The Epicureans and Stoics held which of these views in common?

Utilitarianism

What did Epicureans contribute to the study of ethics?

Utilitarianism

What did John Stuart Mill contribute to the study of ethics?

Utilitarianism

What did Stoics contribute to the study of ethics?

Utilitarianism

Which ethical system is the morality of an act is determined by the end result?

Utilitarianism

Plato is an excellent example of _____.

Virtue Theory

What did Plato contribute to the study of ethics?

Virtue Theory

What did Thomas Aquinas contribute to the study of ethics?

Virtue Theory

Which ethical system is more concerned about the moral agent as opposite to action?

Virtue Theory

What is the major concern in Plato's classic work "The Republic"?

Would a person want to be moral?

Matthew 28:19-20

baptism and the Great Commission

For Aristotle, a virtue is the mean between what two extremes?

deficiency and excess

Deuteronomy 27-30

do's and don'ts

1 John 4:8

love; not loving is not knowing God

Galatians 5:19-21, 22-23

sin vs. fruit of the spirit

Leviticus 25

slavery and restoration

2 Timothy 3:16-17

value of scripture for work of God


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