Euro Midterm

Empiricism

1787, establish justice, defense, Peace, welfare, basic human rights.

Which of the following cities dominated European trade and finance in the early seventeenth century?

Amsterdam

Which of the following was most responsible for the steady population growth in eighteenth century Europe?

An overall decline in the death rate

Which of the following diseases did NOT produce a major epidemic after the eighteenth century?

Bubonic plague

The map above, showing religious divisions in Europe around 1600, illustrates which of the following differences between Lutheranism and Calvinism?

Calvinists were more likely to be a minority within a state than were Lutherans.

Which of the following was the major language spoken in most courts and diplomatic circles of Europe by the late seventeenth century?

French

In seventeenth-century Poland, the most significant political influence was exercised by the

Habsburg empire

The massacre of Saint Bartholomew's Day (1572) was directed against

Huguenots in France

The British Great Reform Act of 1832 did which of the following?

Increased the voting power of the middle class

Which of the following best describes the results of the Peace of Augsburg (1555) ?

It provided a legal basis for the existence of Lutheranism.

Which of the following best describes the French Edict of Nantes (1598) ?

It provided limited political and religious liberties for French Huguenots.

"That the pretended powers of suspending of laws or the execution of laws by regal authority without consent of Parliament is illegal. That levying money for or to the use of the Crown by pretence of prerogative without grant of Parliament for longer time or in other manner than the same is illegal." The provisions above from the English Bill of Rights were enacted in response to

James II's attempts to dominate Parliament

The most influential religious order associated with the Catholic Reformation (CounterReformation) was the

Jesuit

Sixteenth- and seventeenth-century European political leaders generally viewed religious toleration as

Leading to dangerous civil disorder

The emblem above was used as a symbol for which of the following?

Louis XIV

"If a Prince wants to maintain his rule, he must learn how not to be virtuous, and to make use of this or not according to his need." The passage above best reflects the argument of

Machiavelli

The French Le Chapelier Law (1791) and the English Combination Acts (1799-1800) did which of the following?

Made workers' organizations illegal

The map above shows which of the following about luxury shops in seventeenth-century Madrid?

Merchants selling similar goods grouped their shops next to one another.

"Our sins have their source in Adam, and because Adam ate the apple, we have inherited sin from him. But Christ has shattered death in order that we might be saved by His works and not by our works. Christ says: I am your justification." Martin Luther Which of the following best describes Luther's meaning in the excerpt above?

Only faith in Christ will bring salvation, not good works.

"0 highest and most marvelous felicity of man! To him it is granted to have whatever he chooses, to be whatever he wills." The excerpt above is representative of the ideas of

Pico delIa Mirandola, On the Dignity of Man

"Up! up! my Friend and quit your books; Let nature be your teacher. One impulse from a vernal wood May teach you more of man, Of moral evil and of good Than all the sages can. Enough of Science and of Art; Come forth, and bring with you a heart." The poem above reflects which of the following?

Romanticism

The cartoon above illustrates which of the following?

Social inequalities under the Old Regime in France

Napoleon Bonaparte's repressive occupation sparked a violent popular revolt in

Spain

Which of the following represents the final defeat of efforts by the Ottoman Empire to acquire large areas of central Europe?

The siege of Vienna (1683)

Which of the following affected the status of women during the Reformation?

The suppression of nunneries and the institution of a married clergy

Which of the following is true regarding the salons of the eighteenth century?

They discussed social questions as well as literary works.

The cahiers (notebooks) written on the eve of the French Revolution served which of the following purposes?

To present grievances and proposals for reform

Religious change in the seventeenth-century Netherlands led to

a great vitality in intellectual and artistic life

Italian women artists of the Renaissance and Baroque era were able to achieve recognition as artists primarily as a result of their

commissions from wealthy patrons

A controversial aspect of the Agricultural Revolution in eighteenth-century England was the transformation of common land into private land through the process known as

enclosure

The cartoon above from seventeenth-century England is an attempt to ridicule

fighting between royalist and parliamentary armies during the English Civil War

A distinguishing feature of the Old Regime in eighteenth-century France was the

inability of the monarchy to carry out reforms necessary for its survival

All of the following were common subjects of Italian Renaissance works of art EXCEPT

peasant life

The conversion to Catholicism of King Henry IV of France is an example of the policies of the

politiques

The contemporary drawing above of the storming of the Bastille was intended to portray

popular participation in the revolutionary process

The American Revolution played a major role in European history because it

precipitated the French fiscal crisis that led to the

A major result of the War of the Spanish Succession (1701-1713) and the Treaty of Utrecht (1713-1714) was to

prevent France from upsetting the balance of power

The meeting of the Estates-General in 1789 marked a significant step toward revolution in France because it

provided a legitimate forum for critics of the Old Regime

According to Adam Smith, the "invisible hand" would

reconcile selfish individual interests with general economic benefits

"I asked him to tell me in what true religion consisted. 'Have I not told you?' [he answered] 'Love God and your neighbor as yourself. ", Voltaire, Philosophical Dictionary In the excerpt above, Voltaire was supporting

religious toleration

The French Fronde is best described as the

revolt over increasing centralization of royal power

The most important political and military result of the Thirty Years' War and the Peace of Westphalia was the

rise of France as a great power

Portuguese commercial expansion overseas in the sixteenth century resulted in

seizure of Muslim coastal forts to serve as Portuguese trading posts and military bases

One of the main aims of the reforms in Russia under Peter the Great (1689-1725) was to make high social status more dependent on

service to the state

Peasant men in seventeenth- and eighteenth century Europe generally married in their late twenties primarily because

they wanted to first establish independent households

Lorenzo Valla's demonstration that the Donation of Constantine was fraudulent weakened the papacy's claim

to extensive territories in Italy

The basic goal of Napoleon's Continental System was to

weaken England economically