europeans explore the east

vasco de gama

established a direct trade route from portugal to india

what was prince henry's goal and who actually achieved it?

henry dreamed of reaching asia, and vasco de gama acheived this goal by establishing a direct sea route from portugal to india. bartholomew dias also helped by being the first to sail around the tip of africa

treaty of tordesillias

imaginary line drawn north to south down the atlantic ocean. all of the lands west of the line would belong to spain (this included most of the americas) and all the land to the east of the line would belong to portugal. *portugal complained that the line gave to much land to spain, so it was moved farther west to include parts of modern-day brazil for portugal

marco polo

italian trader who reached the court of kublai khan in china in 1275

ferdinand magellan

led a spanish expedition to the philippines

what european countries were competing for asian trade?

portugal, england, france, spain, the netherlands (dutch)

prince henry

portuguese prince who supported exploration and wanted to spread christian faith. although he never went on any voyages of discovery, he used his own fortune to organize more than 14 voyages along the western coast of africa. he also founded a navigation school -was a visionary, wanted to go past the muslim and italian world

bartolomeu dias

sailed around the southern tip of africa

how were the dutch able to dominate the indian ocean trade?

the dutch east india company was richer and more powerful than england's company, so the dutch drove the english out of the indian ocean area and established their dominance over the region

what were the motives behind european exploration?

"god, glory, and gold" -europeans wanted to find trade routes -europe was islamically surrounded- wanted to convert people

the dutch

-the dutch east india company was a private business, not a governmental one -in general, the dutch are very good at business, investment banking, they invented paper money, and this is how they made themselves rich -the dutch were more chill than most other countries, more tolerant of religion, did not seek to convert as much -established new amsterdam (new york) and many people fled here because it was so tolerant (many jews, has chinatown, many groups went here, etc.)

how did portugal break the old muslim-italian domination on trade in the east?

1. the established control of the straits of hormuz, which connects the persian gulf and arabian sea, which helped stop the muslim traders from reaching india 2. the portuguese captured the spice islands as a result of breaking the trade domination, more europeans could afford imported items

in what way did europeans owe some of their sailing technology to other people?

1. they adopted triangular sails to sail effectively against the winds from the arabs 2. to better determine their location at sea, sailors used the astrolabe, which had been perfected by the muslims 3. sailors could more accurately track direction by using the magnetic compass, a chinese invention

what was the european's attitude towards non-european lands and people?

the europeans believed that they were better than everyone else. they saw foreign lands as just another place to be conquered (more money to be gained) and foreign people as just more people to convert to christianity. they did want to expand their knowledge of other lands, but they mainly just wanted to convert others to christianity, establish more trade, colonize, and make more money. -they felt entitled to all the land they found

what role did the renaissance play in launching an age of exploration?

the renaissance encouraged a new spirit of adventure and curiosity. the renaissance focused on life on earth and the expansion of knowledge of the human person, so it makes sense that people would want to expand their knowledge of their unexplored world around them

in general, how did the arrival of the europeans affect the peoples of the east?

they remained largely unaffected. in japan and china, they had even less success spreading western culture and were met with hostility (mostly in japan)

what were "east india companies"?

they were companies established to establish and direct trade throughout asia. they had the power to mint money, make treaties, and even raise their own armies