Event Management Ch. 1-9
Many budgets include a contingency of something like: 2-3 percent 10-15 percent 40-50 percent 100-150 percent
10-15 percent
The event break-even chart shows that, if there is an increase in a fixed cost, such as promotions: The total cost of the event is affected A greater number of tickets must be sold in order to break-even More tickets must be sold, if the event deadlines cannot be changed All of the above
A greater number of tickets must be sold in order to break-even
Which of the following is true? A job description is derived from the job specification, which in turn is an outcome of the job analysis A job specification is derived from the job description, which in turn is an outcome of the job analysis A job analysis is derived from the job description, which in turn is an outcome of the job specification All the above
A job specification is derived from the job description, which in turn is an outcome of the job analysis
The increase in co-operative spirit between Japan and Korea when they co-hosted the Soccer World cup in 2002 could be described as: A positive economic impact A positive social and cultural impact A positive environmental impact A positive political impact
A positive political impact
With regards to the sourcing of events, an example of tendering for an event is: An events company's proposal to run a corporation's Christmas party A staff member of a TAFE being asked to organize an open day A region's call for formal applications to run its New Years Eve celebrations A region's offer to host the World Swimming Championships
A region's call for formal applications to run its New Years Eve celebrations
In the area of events, when the Government plays the role of a consent authority, they Administer the laws and policies that govern the staging of events Engage in community consultation to get community buy-in Manage stakeholder needs and expectations Satisfy community demands for services such as sanitation and waste
Administer the laws and policies that govern the staging of events
Government involvement in events is characterized by: Co-operation between Local and State Governments Co-operation betwe State and Federal Governments Competition between State Governments for major events All of the above
All of the above
In terms of events, Globalization means: More events targeted at global audiences A global pool of creative talent Audiences expecting more from events All of the above
All of the above
Project Management is a system that describes: The work before the event actually starts The event itself The shutdown of the event All of the above
All of the above
Special events and festivals are projects because they: Are non-routine and occur at or over a specific period Are limited by time, budget and scope Produce an outcome designed to meet a client's need All of the above
All of the above
The corporate sector recognizes the power of events to: Improve company morale Improve business procedures Improve profitability and income All of the above
All of the above
The event break-even chart shows that, if there is an increase in a fixed cost, such as promotions: The total cost of the event is affected A greater number of tickets must be sold in order to break-even More tickets must be sold, if the event deadlines cannot be changed All of the above
All of the above
The event strategies developed by governments: Co-ordinate their over-all involvement in events Plan the use of resources related to events Measure the outcomes of event related programs and services All of the above
All of the above
The term 'Stakeholders' refers to: The participants, spectators, and event staff The host organisation, the host community and sponsors Entities with a legitimate interest in the outcomes of the event All of the above
All of the above
When considering an event's stakeholders the 'host community' refers to: The geographical community where the event is located A community of interest from which the event draws its participants Public authorities such as council, transport, police etc. All of the above
All of the above
Within an event organization's operational planning, during an Event Evaluation: Recommendations for change are made All of the above Problems and short-comings are identified Reports are prepared for major stakeholders
All of the above
Marketing: Is concerned with satisfying consumer needs and wants by exchanging goods, services or ideas for something of value Consists of all activities designed to generate and facilitate any exchange intended to satisfy human needs and wants Is the management process responsible for identifying, anticipating and satisfying customer needs profitably All the above
All the above
The induction process: Discusses the job description with the individual Introduces the organisational culture, history and working arrangements "Bonds: the individual to the organisation All the above
All the above
In contemporary events management, an event will be deemed a success if: It satisfies all the needs and expectations of its audience The host community feels that the event had a positive impact overall All the competing needs and expectations of the various stakeholders were balanced It is financially profitable
All the competing needs and expectations of the various stakeholders were balanced
Which of the following is an example of an internal event, from a corporate perspective: A trade mission to Malaysia An AGM A sponsored golf tournament A press conference regarding an Initial Public Offering
An AGM
In strategic marketing, a USP is: An event's Unique Selling Proposition - the aspect that best distinguishes it in the marketplace An event's Undervalued Strength and Potential - the popular aspects of an event that have not been fully exploited A market's Unique Structure and Practices - the features that distinguish it from other markets A market's Untapped Supporters and Proponents - any sympathetic agents in the market that may assist marketing efforts
An event's Unique Selling Proposition - the aspect that best distinguishes it in the marketplace
In strategic marketing, an analysis of potential substitutes for a rock music festival considers Other rock music festivals Any other music festivals Any other festival or event Any experience that fulfils the same consumer need for stimulating entertainment
Any experience that fulfils the same consumer need for stimulating entertainment
Corporate or Business events: Are any events designed to boost sales or market position Are any events aimed at developing the organisation's business functions Are any events that support an organisation's aims, as a business Are any events organised and delivered by events professionals
Are any events that support an organisation's aims, as a business
In a strategic planning process, objectives: Are used to quantify progress towards an event's goals Are brief, precise and motivational Describe in broad terms what an event hopes to achieve in the long run Are broad statements that seek to provide direction to those engaged in the organisation of the project
Are used to quantify progress towards an event's goals
In the 1990s, the corporate world became drawn to events Through State and Federal policies of grants and tax incentives As they saw that major events would not be possible without corporate backing As they realised that superior events could be produced in-house. As they recognized of the marketing and image-making power of events
As they recognized of the marketing and image-making power of events
During the recruitment process, consulting references or peer group ratings are ways of determining an applicant's suitability: Based on past behavior Based on present behavior Based on predictions of future behavior All the above
Based on past behavior
During the recruitment process, examining portfolios is a way of determining an applicant's suitability: Based on past behavior Based on present behavior Based on predictions of future behavior All the above
Based on present behavior
The budget should: Be prepared with an awareness of how much time its preparation and execution will cost the organization Be driven by management, in order to provide leadership to the staff working within the budgets constraints Be followed strictly by all staff in order to provide stability in changing conditions All of the above
Be prepared with an awareness of how much time its preparation and execution will cost the organization
Why is greater emphasis often placed on the financial impacts of events? Because organisations often face strict budget constraints, and because they are easily measured Because they are the most important and most easily measured Because organisations often face strict budget constraints, and financials are often fungible Because organisations often face strict budget constraints, and because of the Global Financial Crisis
Because organisations often face strict budget constraints, and because they are easily measured
Which of the following is not a role governments play in events? Venue owner / manager Booking agent Consent authority and regulatory body Funding body
Booking agent
How has the event industry responded to the spectre of global warming? By developing and participating in Emission Trading Schemes By focusing on events that require less travel time By focusing on creating high-profile feel-good events By adopting initiatives to reduce the environmental impact of events
By adopting initiatives to reduce the environmental impact of events
In the context of events, Strategic Planning: Can be used in new as well as established, recurring events Is likely to result in radical, rather than incremental change Can only be used for now or 'clean-sheet' events All of the above
Can be used in new as well as established, recurring events
When classifying events by form or content, which of the following is not a category? Festivals Sports Events Charity Fundraisers Business events
Charity Fundraisers
In strategic marketing, a C-PEST analysis is a thorough analysis of: Consumer patterns, and the the political, economic, socio-cultural and technological environment in which the consumer lives Consumer patterns, and the preferences, experience, salary and the availability of time for the identified target market Competitor activities, and the political, economic, socio-cultural and technological environment in which the event occurs Competitor activities, and the past, established, secure and tentative examples of competitive events
Competitor activities, and the political, economic, socio-cultural and technological environment in which the event occurs
Which of the following correctly describes the phases of the strategic planning process in the correct order? Establishment of an organisational structure, strategic planning, feasibility analysis, concept development, legacy Concept development, feasibility analysis, establishment of an organisational structure, strategic planning, legacy Strategic planning, feasibility analysis, establishment of an organisational structure, concept development, legacy Feasibility analysis, establishment of an organisational structure, concept development, strategic planning, legacy
Concept development, feasibility analysis, establishment of an organisational structure, strategic planning, legacy
Event Marketing: Prioritises saleability over artistic principles Connects the events products with consumer needs Drives innovation, if there is an established market for it Responds to the expressed needs of event visitors
Connects the events products with consumer needs
In the costing process, direct costs refer to: Costs associated specifically with the running of the event Costs that are incurred regardless of the number of people who attend the event Costs associated with the running of the event company All of the above
Costs associated specifically with the running of the event
A financial ratio that indicates the financial strength of the event organisation is: Current assets / Current liabilities Net Revenue / Investment Net Profit / Gross Profit Perceived value / Cost pax
Current assets / Current liabilities
Event managers are often concerned with knowledge areas that traditional project managers are not. Two examples are: Designing and marketing the event Finance and risk Marketing and human resources Risk and stakeholder management
Designing and marketing the event
In order to attract sponsorships, event managers must: Maximise the number of event participants Maximise the sponsor's exposure through the events marketing and execution Ensure that the event has a close fit with the sponsor's corporate objectives and a demonstrable ability to deliver the desired benefits All of the above
Ensure that the event has a close fit with the sponsor's corporate objectives and a demonstrable ability to deliver the desired benefits
The first step in the budget process is to: Prepare a draft budget for committee and sponsor approval Establish an understanding of the economic environment Identify and estimate cost areas and revenue sources Establish appropriate budget guideline for the event's objectives
Establish an understanding of the economic environment
A PIER report: Evaluates the success of the event Suggests areas for improvement in the event itself and in the management systems used Evaluates the effectiveness of the management systems and processes to demonstrate capability to prospective clients Is only used as a 'what-went-wrong' report, primarily for the benefit of stakeholders
Evaluates the success of the event
Which level of government normally has the prime carriage of events with national significance, such as the Bicentenary? Councils State Government Federal Government All of the above
Federal Government
The Global Financial Crisis: Directed events away from the United States Prompted event managers to become solely profit-focused Forced event managers to find ways to deliver more with less Prompted the rise of off-shore, tax-free event venues
Forced event managers to find ways to deliver more with less
Program-based matrix structures of organization: Groups work activities by function as well as by project Pulls the functional expertise of work areas into a central body Primarily allows the management team to specialize in management Requires leaders to be both a functional and a a project boss
Groups work activities by function as well as by project
Designing events as experiences means: Creating events that are not soon forgotten Paying careful and thematic attention to site preparations Providing entertainment that goes beyond the core activities of the event and that exceed the participant's expectations Holistically considering the participant's relationship to the event, including the emotional connections made and the event's perceived meaning and significance
Holistically considering the participant's relationship to the event, including the emotional connections made and the event's perceived meaning and significance
From a strategic marketing perspective, an analysis of an event's internal resources focuses on: Land, labour and capital resources Human, physical and financial resources Capital, monetary and financial resources Creative, organisational and marketing resources
Human, physical and financial resources
The management team is preparing a Work In Progress report for the major sponsors of music festival. Which phase of project management does this fit into? Initiation Implementation Planning Shut-down
Implementation
Having decided to host a motor-cycle race, an events company is conducting a feasibility study. Which phase of project management does this fit into? Initiation Implementation Planning Shut-down
Initiation
Which of the following describes the phases of project management, in the correct order? Planning, initiation, implementation, event, shutdown Initiation, planning, implementation, event, shutdown Initiation, planning, implementation, shutdown, event Planning, implementation, initiation, event, shutdown
Initiation, planning, implementation, event, shutdown
Studies suggest that the adoption of new leisure services follows a normal distribution. This suggests that the marketing team of a new festival could do well to target: Innovators Early adopters Laggards All the above
Innovators
Total Quality Management (TQM): Involves monitoring quality at every stage of producing an event Applies strict measures of success to every management system employed in each knowledge area. Is not easily applied to events management, given the unquantifiable nature of many event objectives Integrates the practical aspects of controlling quality with the overall strategy and management of an event
Integrates the practical aspects of controlling quality with the overall strategy and management of an event
An example of a positive political impact associated with an event is: Expansion of cultural perspectives Greater commercial activity Improved transport infrastructure International prestige
International prestige
The growth of events that has been witnessed in Australia since World War II: Is not evident in the rest of the world Is a global phenomenon, though Australia is a world leader Is a global phenomenon, though Australia lags many major countries Has been relatively slow, on a global scale
Is a global phenomenon, though Australia is a world leader
A functional organizational structure: Is based on the tasks an organization needs to perform in order to fulfill its mission Is employed in projects that serve a function, such as the construction of roads Groups activities by function, as well as by project Is focussed on achieving the most efficient or functional organization of work units
Is based on the tasks an organization needs to perform in order to fulfill its mission
In a strategic planning process, a Situation Analysis, such as a SWOT analysis: Is a post-implementation review of strategy Determines an event's vision and mission Is necessary before an event organization develops its strategy Provides a framework for developing goals and objectives
Is necessary before an event organization develops its strategy
The 1984 Los Angeles Olympics were significant for the events industry because: It demonstrated that major events could be economically viable It heralded an era of events that were more show than substance It demonstrated how popular sporting events could be corrupted by the Television Industry It paved the way for the Americanization of cultural life
It demonstrated that major events could be economically viable
What is strategic planning? It's about picking a destination and deciding how to get there It's about having a vision for the kind of world we want to live in It's about putting your head down and getting the job done It's about establishing rules and systems rigid enough to provide an organisation with structure and discipline
It's about picking a destination and deciding how to get there
Something that defines a job in terms of specific tasks and responsibilities and identifies the skills and qualifications needed to perform that job successfully is called a: Job description Job specification Job analysis All of the above
Job analysis
An example of a positive tourism / economic impact associated with an event is: Social cohesion Job creation Increased community participation Urban renewal
Job creation
A statement that identifies why a job has come into existence, what the holder of the job will do, and under what conditions the job is to be conducted is called a: Job description Job specification Job analysis All the above
Job description
A statement that identifies the experience, qualifications, skills, abilities, knowledge and personal characteristics needed to perform a give job is called a: Job description Job specification Job Analysis All the above
Job specification
Which of the following could be classified as a 'Hallmark Event'? The FIFA World Cup The Sydney Olympics Munich Oktoberfest The Melbourne Grand Prix
Munich Oktoberfest
A financial ratio that indicates an event's fundraising effectiveness is: Current assets / Current liabilities Net Revenue / Investment Net Profit / Gross Profit Perceived value / Cost pax
Net Profit / Gross Profit
From an event organizer's perspective, a Special Event is an event that: Attracts the most publicity Occurs outside of the normal program or activities of the organizing body Requires the most resources to run Is the most popular with stake-holders
Occurs outside of the normal program or activities of the organizing body
Events have a positive economic impact: On the retail sector and small business, but not necessarily on the providers of infrastructure On all sectors of the economy On the providers of infrastructure but not necessarily the on the retail sector or on small business In theory, but these impacts are impossible to measure in any meaningful way
On the providers of infrastructure but not necessarily the on the retail sector or on small business
In the area of events, when the Government plays the role of a service provider, they: Organise and manage the event themselves Develop and sponsor the idea of the event, but outsource its management. Provide services central to the event, such as waste removal and traffic management Manage the Internet and Communications Technology systems that support the event
Provide services central to the event, such as waste removal and traffic management
From a customer or guest's point of view, a Special Event is an event that: Costs more money than normal day-to-day activities Is the most popular event in the calendar Provides an experience beyond the everyday All of the above
Provides an experience beyond the everyday
The increasing technological sophistication of events: Allows the interaction of people to become a feature of events Provides new ways for participants to engage with the event Increases the time and effort required to manage the event All of the above
Provides new ways for participants to engage with the event
In the break-even chart variable costs: Represent cost incurred in running the event that increase as more people attend the event Represent costs incurred regardless of whether the event is run or not Represent cost incurred in running the event, regardless of how many people attend All of the above
Represent cost incurred in running the event that increase as more people attend the event
The three elements of the triple bottom line are: Social, Economic and Environmental Social, Environmental and Political Economic, Financial and Monetary Private, Social and Economic
Social, Economic and Environmental
The boom in special events in the 1980s was: Supported by the Public Sector, through the newly established State Event Corporations Regulated by the Public Sector, through the newly established Event Regulations Act Discouraged by the Public Sector, through the Department of Cultural Preservation All of the above
Supported by the Public Sector, through the newly established State Event Corporations
Which of the following is not a scheduling technique? Gantt Chart Task Responsibility Chart Network Analysis Critical Path
Task Responsibility Chart
The challenge that arises for marketers from events having credence characteristics is: That unsold portions of the product (i.e. tickets) cannot be stored and sold later That any variations in the quality of the event from one event to the next need to be managed To provide potential visitors with advance clues about the nature of the event That the event has qualities and aspects that consumers do not have enough knowledge or experience to understand or evaluate
That the event has qualities and aspects that consumers do not have enough knowledge or experience to understand or evaluate
In the 'concept' phase of the strategic planning process: The practical issues associated with the event concept are analysed and tested The key features of the event are designed and developed The central features are marketed to potential customers The 'idea' for the event is pitched to investors
The 'idea' for the event is pitched to investors
In the events field, the Return on Investment (ROI) is a measure of: The benefits associated with running an event The benefits associated with running an event, relative to the event's costs The real-dollar benefits associated with an event, relative to the benefits that cannot be quantified The costs associated with an event, relative to the benefits of the event
The benefits associated with running an event, relative to the event's costs
Whose responsibility is it to ensure that the negative impacts of an event are managed and the event has a positive impact overall? The investors and financial backers The Government The event manager The whole community
The event manager
On a break-even chart, the break-even point is where: The costs associated with additional attendees exceeds the revenue from ticket sales The revenue from ticket sales begins to exceed total (fixed and variable) costs The revenue from ticket sales begins to exceed fixed costs All of the above
The revenue from ticket sales begins to exceed total (fixed and variable) costs
Event organisations often have a 'pulsating' organisational structure. This means that, in terms of personnel Staffing levels, particularly that of volunteers can fluctuate unpredictably They can grow quickly as the event approaches can contract quickly when it ends The ratio of managers to staff can shift significantly over the course of a single event All of the above
They can grow quickly as the event approaches can contract quickly when it ends
Which of the following is not expressed in the Project Management Triangle? Time / Cost / Scope Time / Cost / Quality Time / Tasks / Resources Time / Management / Stakeholders
Time / Cost / Quality
The challenge that arises for marketers from events being an intangible product is: That unsold portions of the product (i.e. tickets) cannot be stored and sold later That any variations in the quality of the event from one event to the next need to be managed To provide potential visitors with advance clues about the nature of the event That the event has qualities and aspects that consumers do not have enough knowledge or experience to understand or evaluate
To provide potential visitors with advance clues about the nature of the event
Which of the following is not a function of policies and procedures in a HR planning process? To reassure all staff that they will be treated fairly To remove the need for trained, experienced and expensive staff in the HR functions To help managers make quick and consistent decisions To give managers confidence to resolve problems and defend their positions
To remove the need for trained, experienced and expensive staff in the HR functions
An example of a negative environmental impact associated with an event is: Inflated prices Violence The misallocation of funds Traffic congestion
Traffic congestion
The process of concentric circle recruiting refers to: Starting with a broad search, and step by step narrowing down the search for the ideal employee Placing the organisation at the centre of prospective employees' areas of interest Using stakeholders to communicate the event's staffing needs All the above
Using stakeholders to communicate the event's staffing needs
In terms of events, sponsorship: Has always been regarded as a public relations tool Was traditionally regarded as a public relations tool, but is increasingly seen as a promotional tool in the marketing mix Was traditionally regarded as a promotional tool in the marketing mix, but is increasingly seen as a public relations tool Has always been regarded as a promotional tool in the marketing mix
Was traditionally regarded as a public relations tool, but is increasingly seen as a promotional tool in the marketing mix
'Spill over' effects describe the fact that: There are often many negative (e.g. Environmental) consequences of an event that need to be recognized An event visitor's spending is always more than the admission price During an event, the government continues to fund many sectors not directly related to the event While events often run an operational loss, they produce many benefits for related industries
While events often run an operational loss, they produce many benefits for related industries
An example of a negative social and cultural impact associated with an event is: a & d The event is used for propaganda Pollution Substance abuse Community alienation
a & d
Marketing that targets couples with young children is an example of: Geographic segmentation demographic segmentation Psychographic segmentation All the above
demographic segmentation
In the strategic planning process, a purpose statement: s a broad, clear statement of the event's intention and strategy Describes in broadest terms the task that the event organisation has set for itself All of the above Is a short list of objectives
s a broad, clear statement of the event's intention and strategy
