Evol Bio Final Exam

You are an oncologist working in the field of gene therapy. You are researching ways to alter the NCYM gene in humans. Who is your research most likely to benefit?

A 6 year old boy with a brain tumor.

What is the concern about using antibacterial and antimicrobial soaps?

The use of any chemical that kills bacteria can eventually lead to resistance to that chemical in the population of bacteria.

Which of the following results in the creation of gene families?

gene duplication

what contributes the LEAST to the problem of antibiotic resistance?

taking the entire course of antibiotics as prescribed by the doctor

If teixobactin works in humans as it did in mice, what will be true?

there will be no side effects

T/F De novo genes can be lost.

true

If teixobactin remains unchanged and works in humans as in mice, which of the following individuals would be most likely to receive it?

A 27 year old woman with a staph infection.

T/F Most known bacteria will not grow under normal lab conditions.

true

You are part of a team of doctors doing a Phase 2 study of teixobactin on humans. Assuming protocol had not changed since the mice study, how are you administering the drug?

by injection

T/F Protein-coding genes make up far less of the human genome than noncoding DNA.

true

Which of the following is an orphan gene?

A gene found only in a certain organism

what describes what the video referred to as a "microbial cure"?

Antibiotics are used to kill all of the infectious bacteria in a person.

You are a microbiologist working for the drug company GlaxoSmithKline. You discover a potential new antibiotic that works in the same fashion as teixobactin. How does it work?

It prevents bacteria from building cell walls.

A particular antibiotic kills 99% of a bacterial population. What will be the result of the continued application of this antibiotic?

Over time, the antibiotic will become less effective at killing the bacteria.

In the video, what does the UK's Chief Medical Officer suggest for promoting the development of new antibiotics?

encouraging big pharmaceutical companies to start investing again in new drug research and development

In the projected video showing the growth of bacteria, why did the bacteria grow up to the edge of the area with antibiotics, pause, then continue to grow across the area with antibiotics?

A few bacteria experienced random mutations in their DNA, which allowed some of them to grow even though antibiotics were present.

Over time, bacteria have become increasingly resistant to antibiotics. Which of the following best explains this in terms of natural selection?

Bacteria that happen to have natural resistance to antibiotics survived and reproduced.