evolution test biology

Inheritance definition

Passing on of traits from generation to generation

Which statement is best supported by the theory of evolution?

Populations that have advantageous characteristics will increase in number.

The diagram below represents some changes that took place in a bacterial population recently exposed to an antibiotic. Which statement would best explain the presence of bacteria on day 4?

Some of the bacterial population was resistant to this antibiotic.

Adaptation definition

Some organisms have variations that make them better suited for the environment

Survival and Reproduction of the Fittest means....?

The fittest will survive and reproduce

A population of animals is permanently split by a natural barrier into two separate populations in different environments. What will likely result after a long period of time?

The two populations will evolve into separate species.

Define evolution

Theory of how life changes over time

Charles Darwin

Was not the first to think of evolution but he did figure out how it works (mostly)

When a species includes organisms with a wide variety of traits, it is most likely that this species will have

a greater chance to survive if environmental conditions suddenly change

Which group would most likely have the greatest survival success during a long period of environmental changes?

a large population of red ants living in a forest

environmental change DOES NOT CAUSE evolution to occur because

a temp. or climate change does not itself force a species to change its inherited characteristics

The diagram below represents the bone arrangements in the front limbs of three different species of mammals. The similarities and differences in these limbs suggest that all three species developed from the same ancestor, but

adapted to different habitats

If environmental change caused species to change inherited characteristics than....

all species would be able to adapt to new environment, and extinction would be a very rare event

A species of bird known as Bird of Paradise has been observed in the jungles of New Guinea. The males shake their bodies and sometimes hang upside down to show off their bright colors and long feathers to attract females. Females usually mate with the "flashiest" males. These observations support the concept that

behaviors that lead to reproductive success have evolved

In a population of birds, the percentage of individuals having a certain gene changes from 20% to 60% over the span of several hundred years. This situation will most likely affect the rate of

biological evolution

According to the theory of biological evolution, most present-day species of organisms

descended from earlier, different species of organisms

Branching tree diagrams are often used for what...?

evolutionary relationships

Which activity would most likely increase the mutation rate in a culture of bacteria being grown in a laboratory experiment?

exposing the culture to ultraviolet radiation

species that do not have adaptations become...?

extinct

The crucian carp, a Scandinavian fish, thrives in shallow ponds that freeze over during winter. While other creatures in the pond die from lack of oxygen, these carp are able to obtain energy through a biochemical pathway that does not require oxygen. This characteristic is an example of a

favorable adaptive trait that has led to increased survival

transitional forms

for many species can be found in the fossil record

What did Charles Darwin not know about?

genes therefore, he couldn't know about mutations

Characteristics that are harmful to a species tend to decrease in frequency from generation to generation because these characteristics usually

have a low survival value for the species

direct observations

humans have seen evolution occur both in nature and in the lab

Examination of ancient rock layers at a certain location reveals many different fossils. Which conclusion can be drawn concerning the species that formed these fossils?

many of them are now extinct

natural selection

mechanism that causes species to change over time; example- the fittest will survive and reproduce. No one chooses who survives and who doesn't. Traits are inherited randomly

common descent is a...

modern species evolved from earlier, different species share a common ancestor

In 2007, scientists broke open a fossil of a dinosaur bone and found some preserved tissues. Analysis showed that some proteins in these tissues are very similar to proteins found in modern chickens. The conclusion that these dinosaurs are related to modern chickens is based on

molecular similarities

The diversity of organisms present on Earth is the result of

natural selection

No variation =

no evolution or natural selection as there is nothing to "select". Species with no variation are usually the first to die when the environment changes

having limited resources means...?

not enough resources lead to competition

A diagram of evolutionary pathways of various animal species is shown below. The pattern of these evolutionary pathways is most likely the result of alterations within which structure?

nucleus

Radiometric dating

of rocks consistently confirm the age of the Earth and fossils

deeper the fossils are typically means...

older than those above them

Overproduction definition

organisms of a species will produce more offspring to promote survival

Fossil records

preserves extinct species as well as transitional forms between different types of organisms

Antibiotics are substances used to help fight an infection of Streptococcus, a bacterium that causes strep throat. Overuse of these antibiotics can

select for resistant organisms

Domestic horses have a greater diversity of coat colors than that of wild horses. The process that led to a greater diversity of coat colors in domestic horses is

selective breeding

Which reproductive pattern would be associated with a species that is most likely to undergo rapid evolutionary change?

sexual reproduction with a short reproductive cycle

Some evolutionary pathways are represented in the diagram below. An inference that can be made from information in the diagram is that

species J is adapted to the existing environment

Changes need to be long term because...

species do not evolve because of changes in the season

Environment and Evolution definition

species usually evolve when the environment changes

The remains of three organisms are shown below. A study of these remains would indicate that these organisms have

structural similarities

what are some examples of direct observations?

-Bacteria evolving resistance to antibiotics -Insects evolving resistance to pesticides -Modeling natural selection with selective breeding to alter a species traits

The modern theory of evolution contains the following ideas...

-Earth is very old (4.55 billion years) and is constantly changing

changes include

-climate change -change in temp -change in water availability -change in food availability -introduction of new species -species may be moved to a new location/environment (accidentally taken to an island for example)

homologous structures

-same internal structures, different external form because different functions -reveal that the same body parts can be modified to perform different functions

Comparative Studies

Comparisons of the anatomy (physical structures), embryology (development), chemistry (proteins) and genes (DNA) of species confirm expected relationships

Variation definition

Differences in organisms due to DNA

Evidence of Evolution definition

Evidence in support of evolution comes from many fields

Base your answer on the diagram below and on your knowledge of biology. The diagram represents possible evolutionary pathways of certain organisms. Which species is most closely related to species L?

F