evolution test biology
Inheritance definition
Passing on of traits from generation to generation
Which statement is best supported by the theory of evolution?
Populations that have advantageous characteristics will increase in number.
The diagram below represents some changes that took place in a bacterial population recently exposed to an antibiotic. Which statement would best explain the presence of bacteria on day 4?
Some of the bacterial population was resistant to this antibiotic.
Adaptation definition
Some organisms have variations that make them better suited for the environment
Survival and Reproduction of the Fittest means....?
The fittest will survive and reproduce
A population of animals is permanently split by a natural barrier into two separate populations in different environments. What will likely result after a long period of time?
The two populations will evolve into separate species.
Define evolution
Theory of how life changes over time
Charles Darwin
Was not the first to think of evolution but he did figure out how it works (mostly)
When a species includes organisms with a wide variety of traits, it is most likely that this species will have
a greater chance to survive if environmental conditions suddenly change
Which group would most likely have the greatest survival success during a long period of environmental changes?
a large population of red ants living in a forest
environmental change DOES NOT CAUSE evolution to occur because
a temp. or climate change does not itself force a species to change its inherited characteristics
The diagram below represents the bone arrangements in the front limbs of three different species of mammals. The similarities and differences in these limbs suggest that all three species developed from the same ancestor, but
adapted to different habitats
If environmental change caused species to change inherited characteristics than....
all species would be able to adapt to new environment, and extinction would be a very rare event
A species of bird known as Bird of Paradise has been observed in the jungles of New Guinea. The males shake their bodies and sometimes hang upside down to show off their bright colors and long feathers to attract females. Females usually mate with the "flashiest" males. These observations support the concept that
behaviors that lead to reproductive success have evolved
In a population of birds, the percentage of individuals having a certain gene changes from 20% to 60% over the span of several hundred years. This situation will most likely affect the rate of
biological evolution
According to the theory of biological evolution, most present-day species of organisms
descended from earlier, different species of organisms
Branching tree diagrams are often used for what...?
evolutionary relationships
Which activity would most likely increase the mutation rate in a culture of bacteria being grown in a laboratory experiment?
exposing the culture to ultraviolet radiation
species that do not have adaptations become...?
extinct
The crucian carp, a Scandinavian fish, thrives in shallow ponds that freeze over during winter. While other creatures in the pond die from lack of oxygen, these carp are able to obtain energy through a biochemical pathway that does not require oxygen. This characteristic is an example of a
favorable adaptive trait that has led to increased survival
transitional forms
for many species can be found in the fossil record
What did Charles Darwin not know about?
genes therefore, he couldn't know about mutations
Characteristics that are harmful to a species tend to decrease in frequency from generation to generation because these characteristics usually
have a low survival value for the species
direct observations
humans have seen evolution occur both in nature and in the lab
Examination of ancient rock layers at a certain location reveals many different fossils. Which conclusion can be drawn concerning the species that formed these fossils?
many of them are now extinct
natural selection
mechanism that causes species to change over time; example- the fittest will survive and reproduce. No one chooses who survives and who doesn't. Traits are inherited randomly
common descent is a...
modern species evolved from earlier, different species share a common ancestor
In 2007, scientists broke open a fossil of a dinosaur bone and found some preserved tissues. Analysis showed that some proteins in these tissues are very similar to proteins found in modern chickens. The conclusion that these dinosaurs are related to modern chickens is based on
molecular similarities
The diversity of organisms present on Earth is the result of
natural selection
No variation =
no evolution or natural selection as there is nothing to "select". Species with no variation are usually the first to die when the environment changes
having limited resources means...?
not enough resources lead to competition
A diagram of evolutionary pathways of various animal species is shown below. The pattern of these evolutionary pathways is most likely the result of alterations within which structure?
nucleus
Radiometric dating
of rocks consistently confirm the age of the Earth and fossils
deeper the fossils are typically means...
older than those above them
Overproduction definition
organisms of a species will produce more offspring to promote survival
Fossil records
preserves extinct species as well as transitional forms between different types of organisms
Antibiotics are substances used to help fight an infection of Streptococcus, a bacterium that causes strep throat. Overuse of these antibiotics can
select for resistant organisms
Domestic horses have a greater diversity of coat colors than that of wild horses. The process that led to a greater diversity of coat colors in domestic horses is
selective breeding
Which reproductive pattern would be associated with a species that is most likely to undergo rapid evolutionary change?
sexual reproduction with a short reproductive cycle
Some evolutionary pathways are represented in the diagram below. An inference that can be made from information in the diagram is that
species J is adapted to the existing environment
Changes need to be long term because...
species do not evolve because of changes in the season
Environment and Evolution definition
species usually evolve when the environment changes
The remains of three organisms are shown below. A study of these remains would indicate that these organisms have
structural similarities
what are some examples of direct observations?
-Bacteria evolving resistance to antibiotics -Insects evolving resistance to pesticides -Modeling natural selection with selective breeding to alter a species traits
The modern theory of evolution contains the following ideas...
-Earth is very old (4.55 billion years) and is constantly changing
changes include
-climate change -change in temp -change in water availability -change in food availability -introduction of new species -species may be moved to a new location/environment (accidentally taken to an island for example)
homologous structures
-same internal structures, different external form because different functions -reveal that the same body parts can be modified to perform different functions
Comparative Studies
Comparisons of the anatomy (physical structures), embryology (development), chemistry (proteins) and genes (DNA) of species confirm expected relationships
Variation definition
Differences in organisms due to DNA
Evidence of Evolution definition
Evidence in support of evolution comes from many fields
Base your answer on the diagram below and on your knowledge of biology. The diagram represents possible evolutionary pathways of certain organisms. Which species is most closely related to species L?
F