Exam 1
"I feel I am a person of worth, as good as other people" is a statement reflecting: A) High self-esteem B) Low core self-evaluation C) High self-efficacy D) High self-identification E) High emotional intelligence
A
According to Vroom's EIV Theory, our self-efficacy is an example of a factor that directly influences: A) Expectancy B) Valences C) Received outcomes D) Worker perceptions of instrumentality E) Task significance
A
According to Vroom's EIV Theory, the quality and availability of effective training programs are examples of factors that influence ___________ . A) Our expectancies B) Worker perceptions of instrumentality C) Goal specificity D) Our valences
A
As a general rule, which of the following is not a behavior aimed at building trust? A) Keep information to yourself B) Be consistent C) Be available and approachable D) Demonstrate professionalism E) Give credit and recognition
A
As a senior serving as the student representative on the Ethics Advisory Board of your university, you feel strongly that cheating on college examinations is unethical. You have never cheated on any exam in your academic career. However, this semester your best friend was desperate for your help, and you allowed him to take a quick "peek" on your answer sheet. Since then, you feel uncomfortable every time you think of the situation. Which of the following concepts best explains your psychological discomfort? A) Cognitive dissonance B) Task significance C) Affective detachment D) Emotional labor E) Job detachment
A
As noted in the text and our class discussions, which of the following statements is true? A) Performance feedback and participation in deciding how to achieve goals are necessary but not sufficient for goal setting to work. B) According to the Job Characteristics Model, "task significance" is defined as how meaningful and beneficial a job is to the person carrying it out. C) According to the Job Characteristics Model, everyone wants a job covering all five characteristics. D) Scientific Management is defined as a system that creates jobs in which the employee has the opportunity to experience achievement, stimulating work, and advancement.
A
As noted in the text, the existence of implicit cognition leads people to make ________ decisions without realizing they are doing so. A) biased B) attentive C) predictable D) independent
A
Dr. Malufa carefully chose the final exams written by her very top students to read first. They all received excellent grades. After these, she read the rest of the exams and graded most of them as average or worse. This is likely an example of which perceptual error. A) contrast effects B) central tendency C) halo effect D) recency
A
Grover's marketing project earned the poorest results in his group and it was reviewed as deficient in its design. Though this is the third time something like this has happened, Grover maintains to co-workers that the disappointing reports are mainly due to a combination of bad economic conditions and the review committee's dislike for him. Grover can most accurately be described as having ________ . A) an external locus of control. B) implicit cognitions. C) generalized self-efficacy. D) high resilience.
A
If everyone using the same equipment performs poorly, we tend to attribute any one person's poor performance to __________ ; however, if others using the equipment perform well while one person performs poorly, we tend to attribute that individual's poor performance to __________ . A) External causes; internal causes B) High consistency; low consistency C) Surface-level characteristics; deep-level characteristics D) Internal causes; external causes E) High distinctiveness; low distinctiveness
A
In Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory, which of the following is considered a "hygiene factor," and not a "motivator"? A) Salary B) Advancement C) Recognition D) Responsibility
A
In Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory, which of the following is considered a "hygiene factor," and not a motivator? A) Salary B) Responsibility C) Recognition D) Self-actualization E) Stimulating work
A
In an ethical dilemma, _____. A) There are two choices, NEITHER of which resolves the situation in an ethically desirable manner B) We know we should follow "what everybody else does," but sometimes that is difficult C) There are two choices, ONE of which resolves the situation in an ethically acceptable manner
A
In being hired for an entry-level job, the most important factor is likely to be ________, but to be promoted, a person needs ________. A) Hard skills; soft skills B) Soft skills; hard skills C) Soft skills; team skills D) Team skills; technical skills E) Hard skills; technical skills
A
Marcy left a large Fortune 500 company to go to a small start-up technology firm. Earlier in her career, Marcy wanted a high salary and corporate position, but now she wants something different. She wants to be part of something that will grow, and she enjoys the recognition her role offers. In addition, she is involved in decision making, so she almost feels like she's taken on an ownership role. These differing needs reflect stages in ___________ . A) Maslow's need hierarchy. B) McGregor's Theory Y. C) McClelland's acquired needs theory. D) Self-determination theory.
A
Organizational commitment exists to the degree that a person's ________ match the ________. A) Personal values; organizational culture B) Behavioral intentions; organizational strategy C) Personal values; job characteristics D) Behavioral intentions; organizational values E) Personal values; organizational structure
A
Performance on tests like the Scholastic Aptitude Test and the Graduate Management Admissions Test is likely to be the most closely related to _____. A) Logical-mathematical intelligence B) Naturalist intelligence C) Interpersonal intelligence
A
Petra made a large mistake on a report she submitted to her boss, and it ended up costing the company a significant amount of money. When asked why this had occurred, she blamed one of her co-workers for giving her erroneous information for the report. Petra is very likely displaying _____. A) An external locus of control B) Counterproductive work behavior C) Low emotional stability
A
Regarding personality testing in the workplace, _______________ . A) You should analyze a position's critical aspects and associated bias issues before choosing a test. B) Most personality testing programs can be set up and run by any managerial employee. C) Personality tests are seldom used by most large companies, almost never for managerial job candidates. D) It is a good idea to give the same personality test to all employees, regardless of position. E) Personality tests must be administered in person.
A
Regarding the present trend in the direction of a "gig economy," _____________ . A) It is rooted in part in Millennials' desire for work-life balance. B) It is based on highly centralized manufacturing processes. C) It is expected to reverse over the coming decade nearly to the point of extinction. D) It is based on long-term engagements. E) It guarantees workers health and pension benefits.
A
The 3-part answer to the question of what motivates us (in the animated video, "Drive: The Surprising Truth About What Motivates Us?) is _____________ . A) Mastery, autonomy, and purpose B) Consistency, autonomy, and relatedness C) Affiliation, achievement, and power D) Mastery, attribution, and purpose
A
The fundamental attribution bias says that we tend to overattribute others' behaviors to ________ factors. A) Personal B) External C) Situational D) Self-serving E) Environmental
A
The fundamental attribution bias says that we tend to overattribute others' behaviors to ________ factors. A) Personal B) Environmental C) Self-serving D) Situational
A
The relationship between self-esteem and life satisfaction is significantly stronger: A) In individualistic cultures than in collectivist cultures B) In women than in men C) In men than in women D) In collectivist cultures than in individualistic cultures E) In the United States than in any other nation
A
The textbook notes that when monitoring performance, a manager should pay attention _____________ . A) To both progress toward goal achievement and the ultimate level of goal achievement B) Primarily to the "bottom line" C) Primarily to subordinates' reactions to the goal D) Only to progress toward goal achievement
A
To enhance a worker's expectancy, a manager could: A) Give feedback and coach the employee B) Get to know what rewards his/her employees value C) Set specific, measurable goals D) Link rewards to desired outcomes E) Explain to the worker why he/she should trust the organization
A
Today's ongoing trend in the direction of a "free agent nation," _____________ . A) is rooted in part in Millennials' desire for work-life balance. B) is expected to reverse over the coming decade nearly to the point of extinction. C) is based on long-term engagements. D) is based on highly centralized manufacturing processes
A
Which forms of consequence strengthen a desired behavior? A) positive and negative reinforcement B) extinction and negative reinforcement C) positive reinforcement and punishment D) extinction and punishment
A
Which of the following is NOT a key workplace attitude that managers should track? A) Turnover B) Job satisfaction C) Employee engagement
A
Which of the following statements about self-efficacy is true? A) Self-efficacy can be developed B) The biggest predictor of a person's self-efficacy is his or her emotional state C) A person with high self-efficacy is likely to work less hard than a person with low self-efficacy because he or she is already confident of good results D) Self-efficacy is the same as self-esteem E) Self-efficacy is unrelated to prior experience
A
As noted in Covey's Seven Habits of highly effective people or the assigned readings on networking, ______________ . A) The first and most important thing is to make yourself understood. B) Keep in mind what is important, not just what is urgent. C) You should not waste time networking with people outside your regular occupation. D) Do not offer to help someone unless or until you know just how to do it.
B
As noted in the text and in class, ________ is particularly highly associated with success for managers and salespeople. A) Agreeableness B) Extraversion C) Emotional stability D) Introversion E) Openness to experience
B
As noted in the text and in class, the first of the basic elements for selecting an effective solution is ____________ . A) to make the decision. B) to determine the criteria for the decision. C) to evaluate the outcome. D) to generate alternatives.
B
As noted in the text, which of the following IS NOT a technique for managers to reduce the effect of implicit cognitions in hiring? A) Use structured interviews B) Rely on stereotypes C) Use multiple interviewers D) Undergo training to reduce bias E) Use virtual interviews
B
Brian has a Master's degree in electrical engineering and brings 10 years of experience to his current job. He is known for putting in long hours of hard work on his job. He receives a salary of $75,000, medical and dental coverage, and two weeks paid vacation per year. From Brian's perspective, which of the following is an output of the individual-organization exchange relationship? A) Long hours of work B) Dental insurance C) Ten years of prior experience D) High levels of effort
B
Conflict resolution and critical thinking are categorized as ________ because they use logic and reasoning to develop and evaluate options. A) common sense B) soft skills C) technical skills D) personal attributes
B
Dr. Davis, an accounting professor, was concerned that his classes were not engaging his students as much as he would like. He asked his boss, the department chair, and two of his colleagues to sit in on one of his classes this term in order to give him comments and suggestions for improvement. He also passed out forms to his students at the end of the term, asking the same. He was ________. A) Establishing S.M.A.R.T. goals. B) Conducting a 360 degree feedback process C) Creating a contrast effect D) Developing an action plan E) Providing positive reinforcement for himself
B
Employees, suppliers, and governments ______________ . A) are all to be considered equal when making most business decisions. B) are examples of organizational stakeholders. C) represent the three levels of analysis in organizational behavior. D) have no place in organizational behavior theories.
B
I will perceive negative inequity when: A) Another's total rewards are greater than rewards I receive B) Another's ratio of outputs to inputs exceeds my ratio of my outputs to my inputs C) Another's ratio of outputs to inputs is equal to my ratio of my outputs to my inputs D) Another's ratio of outputs to inputs is less than my ratio of my outputs to my inputs E) Another's total input is less than my total input
B
In order to foster employee positivity, employers should do all but one of the following. Which one? A) Make the well-being of employees a priority B) Give employees only positive feedback C) Share information with employees D) Allow employees to make decisions
B
John, a mid-level manager, noticed that all his subordinates were filling out their monthly reports incorrectly. He concluded that the report forms were too complicated and needed to be revised. On which type of attributional information is John's decision based? A) High consistency B) High consensus C) Low consistency D) Low distinctiveness E) Low consensus
B
Julius, one of your employees, aways seems to be "taking it easy," often ignores problems that arise, and rarely takes action on his own. It is likely that Julius is _____. A) Low on practical intelligence B) Not a proactive personality C) Emotionally unstable
B
Klaus works in a very stressful job, but "maintains his cool" even in the worst times. He is likely to score high on ________. A) Conscientiousness B) Emotional stability C) Extraversion D) Openness to experience E) Agreeableness
B
Organizations typically rely on ________ schedules, such as bi-weekly paychecks and annual bonuses. A) continuous B) fixed interval C) variable interval D) fixed ratio
B
Research cited in the text has shown that: A) Person and environmental factors influence a person's performance equally B) A person's behavior and performance are a function of interdependent person and environmental factors C) Environmental factors influence a person's performance more than person factors D) Person factors influence a person's performance more than environmental factors E) Neither person nor environmental factors significantly influence behavior or performance
B
Research shows that, in general ________. A) Social capital can decrease job satisfaction B) Social capital can improve operations C) Social capital decreases organizational performance
B
Soft skills are ____________. A) Not relevant to jobs above first-level supervision B) Needed to interact with, influence, and perform with others C) Less valuable than hard skills
B
The 3-part answer to the question of what motivates us (in the animated video, "Drive: The Surprising Truth About What Motivates Us?) is _____________ . A) Perceived equity, goal specificity, and scientific management B) Mastery, autonomy, and purpose C) Interactional justice, procedural justice, and distributional justice D) Consensus, distinctiveness, and consistency E) Affiliation, achievement, and power
B
The animated video, "Drive: The Surprising Truth About What Motivates Us?" asserts that _____________ . A) Workers are more motivated by interactional justice than they are by either procedural justice or distributional justice. B) In some instances, higher monetary rewards can actually decrease performance. C) Money has its greatest motivating effect on the top producers. D) Workers are more motivated by autonomy than they are by mastery and purpose put together.
B
The layers of diversity include ALL BUT ONE OF THE FOLLOWING. Which one? A) Personality B) Attributional C) Internal D) Organizational E) External
B
Values represent beliefs that influence behaviors ________; attitudes relate to behavior ________. A) Toward specific targets; across all situations B) Across all situations; toward specific targets C) Toward specific objects; toward specific people D) Toward specific people; toward specific objects E) Across all situations; toward specific values
B
Walter believes that it is fine to drive through stop signs when he is in a hurry to do something important. Walter's belief reflects the ________ component of his attitude. A) normative B) cognitive C) behavioral D) objective
B
Which of the following is NOT one of the "big five" personality traits"? A) Extraversion B) Intrapreneurship C) Agreeableness D) Conscientiousness.
B
Which of the following is a form of social capital? A) Education B) Professional memberships C) Vision D) Knowledge, skills, and abilities E) Experience
B
Which of the following is true about balancing positive and negative emotions? A) Positive experiences activate a survival orientation. B) Ideally, we should try to have more positive experiences than negative. C) We should have one negative emotion for each positive emotion we experience. D) Our brains actually look more for positive information over negative during daily activity.
B
Which of the following statements about mindfulness is FALSE? A) Mindfulness represents how much we are aware and attentive to what is going on around us. B) Mindfulness requires less effort than letting our minds wander. C) Mindfulness pertains to our inner world of thinking and feeling. D) Mindfulness is about concentrating or focusing.
B
Which of the following statements is true about the field of organizational behavior? A) OB researchers systematically study various topics at a single level rather than at multiple levels. B) It includes team, individual, and organizational level analyses. C) It is less effective in studying people who interact in highly organized fashion. D) It excludes the study of collective entities.
B
You are unlikely to say anything to someone using a cell phone in a restaurant if you believe cell phone use helps people manage their busy lives. Your belief reflects the ________ component of your attitude toward people using cell phones in restaurants. A) Normative B) Cognitive C) Affective D) Objective E) Behavioral
B
_______ exist(s) to the degree that a person's personal values match the organizational culture A) Job satisfaction B) Organizational commitment C) Organizational citizenship behaviors
B
________ is a person's belief about his or her chances of successfully completing a particular task. A) Self-esteem B) Self-efficacy C) Self-transcendence
B
________ is defined as an individual's belief regarding the likelihood that a specific behavior will be followed by a particular reward or other outcome. A) Equity B) Instrumentality C) Expectancy
B
A _______ represents a person's mental picture or summary of a particular event or type of stimulus. A) Bias B) Codification C) Schema
C
A key factor in the growth of the the "gig economy" is ____________ . A) the recent emergence of a "free agent" job structure in Hollywood productions. B) the fact that its appeal is almost exclusively to younger workers. C) a "dejobbing" trend in many occupations. D) worker's desire for paid training benefits.
C
A problem: A) Is always due to environmental factors B) Is a decision that needs to be made C) Is a gap between an actual and a desired situation D) Is a situation that managers rarely face E) Should be ignored until it becomes serious
C
A process that involves an individual comparing perceptions of his or her performance with those of managers, subordinates, and peers is called: A) Goal monitoring B) Performance monitoring C) 360-degree feedback D) Performance appraisal E) Self-assessment
C
Arthur writes computer code segments for the video game firm that he works with. He holds beliefs, perceptions, and informal obligations about what he is entitled to receive in return for what he provides to the organization. Those beliefs, perceptions, and informal obligations constitute part of a(n) ________. A) High normative commitment B) High level of emotional labor C) Psychological contract D) High affective commitment
C
As noted in the text and in our class discussion, a combination of stable physical, behavioral, and mental characteristics that gives individuals their unique identity is known as: A) Self-esteem B) Intelligence C) Personality D) Their value profile E) Self-efficacy
C
As noted in the text, which of the following personality characteristics is most closely linked to entrepreneurial intentions?. A) Introversion B) Spatial intelligence C) Proactivity D) Emotional stability
C
Bill, who has an internal locus of control, failed his last history test. He is apt to respond to this grade by ___________ . A) Blaming the instructor for inadequately preparing him for the test B) Claiming the test was poorly constructed C) Admitting that he hadn't studied hard enough to prepare himself D) Complaining to the dean of the college
C
Haji, a mid-level manager, noticed that all his subordinates were filling out their monthly reports incorrectly. He concluded that the report forms were too complicated and needed to be revised. On which type of attributional information is Haji's decision based? A) Low distinctiveness B) Low consensus C) High consensus D) Low consistency
C
If a manager views an employee's behavior as having high consensus, high distinctiveness, and low consistency, he or she is likely to make an attribution of ____________ . A) Fundamental bias B) Self-serving bias C) External causes. D) Internal causes
C
In order to foster employee positivity, employers should do all but one of the following. Which one? A) Discourage uncivil behavior B) Allow employees to make decisions C) Give employees only positive feedback D) Make the well-being of employees a priority E) Share information with employees
C
Jane is a dedicated activist against the use of children as laborers. She works for a company that claims that it doesn't employ children. However, recent news stories have reported that the company's overseas plants often have young kids on their assembly lines. ________ is the term we use to describe the psychological discomfort that Jane is experiencing since she heard this news. A) Emotional dissonance B) Emotional labor C) Cognitive dissonance D) Intelligence disunity
C
Kelly is the only woman out of 30 students in her advanced statistics course. Which of the following most likely describes Kelly's situation? A) Her classmates will store information about Kelly in the "semantic" compartment of long-term memory. B) Her instructor will likely commit the recency perceptual error when calculating Kelly's grade. C) She will be perceived as a salient stimulus by her classmates and thus receive their attention. D) Her classmates will store information about Kelly in the "event" compartment of long-term memory. E) Her classmates will likely ignore her.
C
People with moderate emotional stability _____ than people with low emotional stability. A) Tend to perform more CWBs B) Are more likely to experience negative emotions under pressure C) Tend to perform more OCBs
C
Polly worked as a bartender. A few people used to wave money at her so that she would serve them first. She found this to be rude and, hence, either ignored them or always served them last. People came to realize that she served only the people who waited politely, and much of the rude behavior stopped. Polly used the model of ________. A) Negative reinforcement B) Shaping C) Extinction D) Variable ratio reinforcement E) Positive reinforcement
C
Regarding the topics of corporate structure and organizational design, ________ A) Firms with wide spans of control will tend to feature tall hierarchies B) The functional organizational structure continues to increase in popularity C) Two advantages of a functional organizational structure are its efficiency and its standardization
C
Shirley does not score particularly well on standard IQ tests, yet she has a unique ability to (a) change herself to suit the environment, (b) change the environment to suit herself, or (c) find a new environment within which to work. As noted in the text and in class, what would explain this phenomenon? A) Kinesthetic intelligence B) Reasoning ability C) Practical Intelligence D) Emotions and attitude E) All of the above
C
Social capital is: A) The productive potential of an individual's knowledge, skills and experiences B) The productive potential resulting from social responsibility C) The productive potential resulting from relationships, goodwill, trust, and cooperative effort D) Composed of education and experience E) Concerned with an individual's reputation and personal lifestyle
C
The components of employee engagement are: A) Affective, behavioral, cognitive B) Intrinsic, extrinsic C) Urgency, being focused, intensity, enthusiasm D) Values, attitudes, behaviors E) Interpersonal, intrapersonal
C
The idea that a manager should use OB concepts and tools that are situationally appropriate is known as: A) Systems theory B) Ethics C) The contingency approach D) Environmental theory E) Human capital theory
C
The multiple levels of analysis studied by organizational behavior researchers include all of the following except __________ . A) the work team. B) the individual. C) the customer. D) the organization
C
The textbook notes that when monitoring performance, a manager should pay attention: A) Only to ultimate goal achievement B) Primarily to subordinates' reactions to the goal C) To both progress toward goal achievement and the ultimate level of goal achievement D) Only to progress toward goal achievement E) Exclusively to the "bottom line"
C
Which of the following is NOT among the conflicting cognitions under the definition of cognitive dissonance? A) Ideas B) Values C) Projects
C
Which of the following is important to realize about positive organizational behavior and social networks? A) POB drives outcomes at the individual level, but not at the group level. B) A polymath is a person who solves problems using a variety of quantitative methods. C) Weak ties are often the best source of valuable employment leads. D) In a POB scenario, firms measure their success by the accumulation of wealth. E) Crowdsourcing generally takes place within a work group or family unit..
C
Which of the following reactions is noted in the text and in class as a way we can reduce cognitive dissonance? A) Seeking out the negative aspects of a decision and highlighting them. B) Maintaining an incongruence between their beliefs, feelings, and behavior. C) Developing more favorable attitudes toward specific features of a decision. D) Changing our personality traits or acquiring new ones.
C
Which of the following statements about emotions is false? A) Positive emotions result from goal achievement B) Emotions change psychological and/or physiological states C) Felt emotions are always displayed D) Emotions may occur from past or possible future events E) Emotions motivate behavior
C
Which of the following statements about goals and goal setting is NOT true? A) Goal achievement leads to job satisfaction B) Goals direct attention C) Goals should be set at a level just beyond reachable ("stretch" goals) D) Goals increase persistence
C
You are more likely to make a(n) _____ about someone's poor performance if you have also observed the person performing a task poorly in the past and have observed other employees performing the task well. A) self-identification B) fundamental attribution error C) internal attribution D) self-serving bias
C
You are not likely to go to an office party where an acquaintance, Robert, will be present, and you find his sexist comments revolting. This feeling about Robert reflects the ____ component of your attitude about him. A) Objective B) Behavioral C) Affective
C
________ involves putting more variety into a worker's job by combining specialized tasks of comparable difficulty. Used by itself, this job design approach does not have a significant and lasting positive effect on job performance. A) Scientific management B) Job rotation C) Job enlargement D) Vertical loading
C
______________ occurs when a rater's overall impression of an object biases his or her ratings of that object. A) Self-serving error B) Recency error C) Halo error D) Leniency error E) Primacy error
C
A person who reports unethical behavior in his/her organization to management and/or the authorities is called a(n): A) Traitor B) Turnover C) Deviant D) Whistleblower E) Ethicist
D
As noted in Covey's Seven Habits of highly effective people or the assigned readings on networking, _________________ . A) The first and most important thing is to make yourself understood. B) You should not waste time networking with people outside your regular occupation. C) Limit your contacts to people who have benefited you in the past. D) It is good to offer to help someone even if you don't know just how to do it. E) Win at all costs.
D
Dr. Hogan carefully selected the final examinations written by her best students to read first. They all received excellent grades. After these, she read the rest of the exams and graded most of them average or worse. This is most likely an instance of which of the following perceptual errors? A) Central tendency B) Halo C) Leniency D) Contrast effects E) Recency
D
In Herzberg's motivator-hygiene theory, A) Satisfaction comes from hygiene factors, and dissatisfaction comes from motivating factors. B) Motivators come from the work context. C) Hygiene factors come from the job itself. D) Satisfaction comes from motivating factors, and dissatisfaction comes from hygiene factors. E) Job satisfaction and job dissatisfaction are opposites.
D
In Maslow's needs hierarchy theory, ________ is the lowest level, and ________ is the highest level. A) Safety; esteem B) Safety; self-actualization C) Physiological; esteem D) Physiological; self-actualization E) Affiliation; power
D
Janelle receives a compliment on a recent campaign, and she attributes the success to her creativity. When an earlier one failed, she cited bad weather as the cause for its disappointing outcome. most plausibly evidence of which of the following perceptual factors? A) fundamental attribution bias. B) distinctiveness. C) implicit cognition. D) self-serving bias.
D
Janice creates slogans for the advertising firm that she works with. She believes she will receive fair treatment and will get what she is entitled to receive in return for what she provides to the organization. Janice's beliefs represent a(n) ________. A) High affective commitment B) High level of emotional labor C) Employment contract D) Psychological contract E) High normative commitment
D
Javier is dealing with several employees who are chronically late. He unilaterally decides to dock everyone's daily pay 5 percent if they are more than 10 minutes late. Javier will have better results _____ . A) referring the problem to his own supervisor. B) employing an organizational analysis. C) improving the firm's social capital. D) using the contingency approach.
D
Marisa is the office manager in a small company. Her employees find that they can often come late to work and leave early, and Marisa will cover their work for them. Marisa is likely to score ___________ . A) high on extraversion. B) low on conscientiousness. C) low on intrapreneurship. D) high on agreeableness.
D
Molly works as a dishwasher at a restaurant. One day her mother falls sick and Molly has to take her to the emergency room. She calls her boss and tells him that she won't be coming in to work. Her boss thinks that Molly is missing work intentionally, so that she can go out and party. Which of the following best describes the boss's perception of the situation? A) Central tendency B) Self-serving bias C) Leniency effect D) Fundamental attribution bias E) Strictness effect
D
Organizational citizenship behaviors ___________________ . A) can include suggesting improvements, even ones that are not carried out. B) may apply in the training of new people. C) are voluntary. D) All the above are true statements about OCBs.
D
Ronald works for a small biotech firm. When the firm presents the results of its clinical trials to the FDA, Ronald realizes that the results are not accurate. He reports this to the FDA. A) is improving the firm's human capital. B) is exhibiting a CWB. C) is becoming an ethicist. D) is a whistleblower.
D
The "law of effect" states that: A) Whatever can go wrong, will go wrong B) Leadership affects how people perform C) People are motivated by punishment D) Behavior with favorable consequences tends to be repeated E) Garbage in, garbage out
D
The component of an attitude that reflects the beliefs or ideas one has about an object or situation is known as the ________ component. A) Behavioral B) Affective C) Mastery D) Cognitive E) Actionable
D
The extent to which an individual performs a whole or completely identifiable piece of work in a job is called: A) Experienced responsibility B) Autonomy C) Task variety D) Task identity E) Task management
D
The head of ABC Company announced that the company was going to start a project on weekends that would teach self-defense techniques to underprivileged kids in the neighborhood. Thomas decided to register himself for the project, as he was a trained kick-boxer. This action of Thomas reflects the ________ component of his attitude. A) Cognitive B) Intellectual C) Normative D) Behavioral E) Affective
D
The head of ABC Company announces that the company is going to start a weekend project teaching self-defense techniques to underprivileged kids in the neighborhood. Thomas decides to register for the project, as he is a trained kickboxer. This action of Thomas reflects the ________ component of his attitude. A) normative B) affective C) intellectual D) behavioral
D
The manager of the Conquest Casino notices that the security employees at the casino are treating customers impersonally. He sets a goal that they should make better eye contact and treat customers in a friendlier manner. This is a/an ________ goal. A) Objective B) Project C) Negative reinforcement D) Behavioral
D
The process of comparing performance at some point in time to a previously established expectation or goal is called: A) Measuring B) Coaching C) Monitoring D) Evaluating E) Giving feedback
D
Which of the following describes the fundamental attribution error? A) The likelihood of making an error attributing the behavior of another person increases with our familiarity of that other person. B) We tend to believe that colleagues perform their jobs better than we perform the same job under similar conditions. C) We tend to believe that other people, particularly the ones who work alongside of us, have the same beliefs and behaviors that we have. D) We tend to overemphasize internal causes of another person's behavior and to discount or ignore external causes of their behavior.
D
Which of the following is NOT one of the "big five" personality traits"? A) Agreeableness B) Extraversion C) Conscientiousness. D) Instrumentality E) All the above are "big five" personality traits.
D
Which of the following statements best reflects McClelland's Acquired Needs theory? A) People attempt to satisfy basic needs before trying to satisfy higher-level needs B) Those with high need for affiliation need to take full charge of tightly organized workgroups. C) Two sets of need factors, hygiene and positive feedback, contribute to workplace motivation. D) Some individuals have an especially high need for achievement.
D
________ is(are) an artificial intervention aimed at giving management a chance to correct an imbalance, injustice, mistake, or outright discrimination that occurred in the past. A) Access-and-legitimacy programs B) The glass ceiling C) Mutual adaptation D) Affirmative action E) Self-management
D
________ was noted in class and in the text as the personality trait with the strongest positive overall relationship with successful job performance. A) Agreeableness B) Extraversion C) Intrapreneurship D) Conscientiousness
D
_________________ is among the "new rules of networking" discussed in class or outlined in our readings on the topic of "managing yourself" as an "intra"/entrepreneur. A) Before offering to help someone, make sure you know exactly how to do it. B) Always avoid low-hanging fruit. C) When you offer to help someone, make sure you get something in return. D) Begin with the end in mind E) Seek first to be understood
D
Bill, who has an internal locus of control, failed his last history test. He is apt to respond to this grade by: A) Claiming the test was poorly constructed by the instructor B) Despairing of ever passing the course and several others offered by the department C) Complaining to the dean of the college about the professor and his course requirements D) Resolving to study harder on the next test to compensate for his poor preparation E) Blaming the instructor for inadequately preparing him for the test
D)
A(n) ________ is someone who is relatively unconstrained by situational forces and who effects environmental change. A) introvert B) extrovert C) whistleblower D) stable person E) proactive person
E
As noted in Covey's Seven Habits of Highly Effective People and/or the assigned readings and class discussion on networking, _________________ . A) Co-creation is defined as "the invention of a new concept by a company's tight-knit research team." B) You should not waste time networking with people outside your regular occupation. C) The first and most important thing is to make yourself understood. D) Limit your contacts to people who have benefited you in the past. E) It is good to offer to help someone even if you don't know just how to do it.
E
Dr. Slotsky is a well-liked professor. Last term, no one received less than a B+ in any of his courses. This fact would lead us to suspect the presence of a ________ perceptual error. A) Central tendency B) Halo C) Recency D) Contrast effect E) None of the above.
E
In an ethical dilemma, A) There are no choices. B) There is only one choice. C) There are two choices, either of which resolves the situation in an ethically acceptable manner. D) There are two choices, one of which resolves the situation in an ethically acceptable manner. E) There are two choices, neither of which resolves the situation in an ethically acceptable manner.
E
In attribution theory, ________ applies to whether an individual responds differently in different situations. A) Consistency. B) Congruity. C) Consensus. D) Valence. E) Distinctiveness.
E
Janice creates advertising slogans for the advertising firm that employs her. She works with beliefs, perceptions, and informal obligations about what she is entitled to receive in return for what she provides to the organization. A(n) ________ represents Janice's beliefs. A) high affective commitment B) employment contract C) high normative commitment D) high level of emotional labor E) psychological contract
E
Joyce finds that the members of the project team to which she has been assigned in her management class are all athletes on the college's football and basketball teams. She immediately considers dropping the class because she thinks her experience with that team will be negative. Joyce is likely to be reacting to: A) Ethnocentrism B) Self-serving bias C) Fundamental attribution bias D) Recency effect E) a stereotype
E
Owen leads a team tasked with developing a client tracking system. He is nervous and worried, afraid that if this assignment doesn't go well, he won't be promoted. Jack, a team member, is relaxed, unworried, and secure in the feeling that they have all the necessary resources and talents to make this work. Jack is likely to score high on ______________ . A) agreeableness. B) openness to experience C) introversion. D) internal locus of control. E) emotional stability.
E
Regarding the topics of corporate structure and organizational design, _______________ . A) The functional organizational structure is a recent development that has never been adopted in the U.S. B) Organizations are created with the objective of benefiting the people who manage them. C) A functional organization structure is designed so that market researchers generally work directly with production workers in order to respond quickly to external changes. D) Firms with a wide span of control will tend to feature tall hierarchies. E) Firms with a functional organizational structure more readily support the development of workers' specialized skills within their functions.
E
Sarah, a generally frugal person, just bought a new car. She spent much more money than she should have and feels regretful and actually a little embarrassed as well. Rather than continue feeling these undesirable emotions, she decides that the car is less likely to break down than her older one, and will actually save her loads of cash in the long run. What would we call the psychological discomfort Sarah experienced by behaving in a way that conflicted with her general beliefs about spending? A) Counterproductive work behavior B) Psychological dissonance C) Perceived stress D) Affective discomfort E) Cognitive dissonance
E
The most important factor in the development of positive self-efficacy is _________ . A) Managerial feedback B) Emotional intelligence C) Training D) Age E) Past experience
E
Values are defined as beliefs that influence behaviors ________; attitudes are defined as relating to behavior ________. A) across all situations; toward values B) toward specific targets; across all situations C) toward specific objects; toward specific people D) toward specific people; toward specific objects E) across all situations; toward specific targets
E
Wanda sees a woman struggling with a small child and two bags of groceries. She stops and offers to carry the grocery bags to the woman's car. This is ________ behavior. A) deviant B) resilient C) calculated D) reclusive E) prosocial
E
When something is ________, it stands out from its context. A) An attribution B) Semantic C) Stereotypical D) A schema E) Salient
E
Which of the following is NOT one of the recommendations to managers about reducing stereotypes? A) Managers should educate people about stereotypes. B) Managers should create opportunities for diverse employees to work together. C) Managers should encourage all employees to strive to increase their awareness of stereotypes. D) Managers should provide opportunities for employees to get accurate data about the characteristics of other groups of people. E) Managers should actively ignore stereotypes.
E
Which of the following is not a tip for increasing goal commitment and success? A) Break large goals down into sub-goals B) List the benefits of achieving the goal C) Reward yourself for progress, not just for ultimate goal achievement D) Write goals down E) Keep your goals to yourself
E
________ involves putting more variety into a worker's job by combining specialized tasks of comparable difficulty. A) Job rotation B) Task identity C) Vertical loading D) Job enrichment E) Job enlargement
E
__________________ is defined as the study of standards of behavior which promote human welfare and "the good." A) OCB B) Whistleblowing C) Business ethics D) Reverse deviance E) Ethics
E
