Exam 1 ( Ch. 1-5)
Expectancy theory of motivation states that people naturally direct their effort towards behaviors they believe are most likely to lead to desired outcomes.
True
Goal setting potentially improves employee performance by increasing motivation and clarifying role perceptions.
True
In terms of cross-cultural values, people in the United States tend to have relatively high individualism, middle to high achievement orientation, and medium to low power distance.
True
Motivation is closely related to the concept of employee engagement.
True
Organizational behavior encompasses the study of how organizations interact with their external environments.
True
Our emotions influence what we recognize or screen out.
True
People who believe that their successful completion of a project is due to their skill and hard work are making an internal attribution.
True
People with a high need for affiliation tend to be more effective in jobs that require them to mediate conflicts.
True
Stereotyping is an extension of social identity theory and a product of our natural process of organizing information through categorical thinking.
True
The MARS model identifies the four main factors that influence individual behavior: motivation, ability, role perceptions, and situational factors.
True
Three challenges organizations are facing include globalization, increasing workforce diversity, and emerging employment relationships.
True
Moods are less intense emotional states that are directed toward something or somebody in particular.
False
Motivation is an external force on the person that causes him/her to engage in specific behaviors.
False
________ is the process of filtering information received by our senses.
Selective Attention
Attitudes represent a cluster of beliefs, motivation and feelings about an attitude object.
True
Beliefs are established perceptions about the attitude object.
True
Confirmation bias causes us to screen out information that is contrary to our values and assumptions.
True
Emotions generate a core affect that something is good or bad, helpful or harmful, to be approached or avoided.
True
The optimal level difficulty of a goal:
occurs when the goal is challenging but not impossible
The process of assigning traits to people based on their membership in an identifiable social category is called:
stereotyping
Values are stable, evaluative beliefs about what is important in a variety of situations.
True
The effort, planning ad control needed to express organizationally desired emotions during interpersonal transactions.
Emotional labor
A global mindset excludes the capacity to empathize and act effectively across cultures.
False
According to learned needs theory, companies should hire leaders with a strong need for personalized power.
False
Competencies refer to the complete set of motivations, abilities, role perceptions, and situational factors that contribute to job performance.
False
Emotions represent the cluster of beliefs, assessed feelings, and behavioral intentions towards something or someone guided by conscious logical reasoning.
False
In order for something to be called an organization, it must have certain assets such as buildings and equipment.
False
Maslow's needs hierarchy theory explains how people develop perceptions of fairness in the distribution and exchange of resources.
False
OB can be used to fulfill the need to understand and predict the behavior of others in the organization. However, it is not helpful in influencing others to getting things done in organizations.
False
The ideal situation in organizations is to have employees whose values are perfectly congruent with the organization's values.
False
The most effective reinforcement schedule for learning new tasks is variable ratio schedule.
False
The perceptual process begins by attributing behavior to internal or external causes.
False
Which of the following terms best represents the positive or negative evaluations of the attitude object?
Feelings
Which of the following refers to the process of receiving information about and making sense of the world around us?
Perception
In expectancy theory, valence refers to the:
anticipated satisfaction or dissatisfaction that an individual feels towards an outcome.
The uncomfortable tension felt when our behavior and attitudes are inconsistent with each other is called:
cognitive dissonance
Some investors in the stock market become overconfident and ignore evidence that their strategies will lose money. This can be attributed to _____.
confirmation bias
Anger, fear, joy, and sadness represent the:
different types of emotions
Customer service representatives (CSRs) often conceal their frustration when serving an irritating customer. This behavior from the CSRs is an example of:
emotional labor
In the four-drive theory, the drive ______ is most closely associated with the need for relative status and recognition.
to acquire