Exam 1 (chapter 17)
How many hormones are produced by the posterior pituitary?
2
A small molecule binds to a G protein, preventing its activation. What direct effect will this have on signaling that involves cAMP?
Adenylyl cyclase will not be activated.
Which of the following hormone interactions have a permissive effect?
Angiotensin 1 and Angiotensin 2
Which hormone inhibits or reduces programmed cell death (apoptosis)?
Growth Hormone
Which structures secretes calcitonin (CT)?
Parafollicular cells
Which TWO are arguably the two most important players in the endocrine system (hint: think manager and assistant manager)
Pituitary gland and Hypothalamus
Which hormone, produced by the anterior pituitary gland, stimulates milk production?
Prolactin
Which of the following is an anterior pituitary hormone?
TSH
The secretion of thyroid hormones is controlled by ________.
TSH from the anterior pituitary
If Calcium levels in the blood get too high, c (parafollicular) cells in the __________ cause the release of calcitonin and stimulation of the osteoblasts.
Thyroid
The (intentional) end result of the lipid soluble hormone is to alter or change the activated protein, thereby changing the end result.
True
Water soluble hormones are different than lipid soluble hormones because water soluble hormones cannot cross the cell membrane on their own.
True
Which of the following statements about the thyroid gland is true?The parathyroid glands are embedded within it. It manufactures T3 and T4 It is located anterior to the trachea and inferior to the larynx
all answer options are correct .
Which of the following hormones contributes to the regulation of the body's fluid and electrolyte balance?
antidiuretic hormone
The walls of the atria produce which hormone?
atrial natriuretic peptide
Which cell type of the pancreas secretes insulin?
beta cells
Athletes may take synthetic EPO to boost their ________.
blood oxygen levels
What secretory cell type is found in the adrenal medulla?
chromaffin cells
A decreased thyroid function causes ________.
decreased basal metabolic rate
Hormones produced by the thymus play a role in the ________.
development of T cells
In addition to the endocrine system, the pancreas also has a very prominent job with the ____________ system.
digestive
The anterior pituitary gland develops from which embryonic germ layer?
ectoderm
Chemical signaling that affects neighboring cells is termed paracrine. Chemical signaling that affects distant organs is called____________.
endocrine
The production of melatonin is inhibited by ________.
exposure to bright light
If an autoimmune disorder targets the alpha cells, production of which hormone would be directly affected?
glucagon
When insulin diffuses into the splenic artery, what happens.
glucose will get used for cellular respiration and it inhibits gluconeogenesis
Adrenaline increases____________.
heart rate, pulse rate, blood pressure
Lipids tend to be:
hydrophobic
The adrenal glands are attached superiorly to which organ?
kidneys
___________ soluble hormones are able to cross the cell membrane by themselves while ___________ soluble hormones cannot.
lipid, water
Bile is used for digesting things like:
lipids
When used in the nervous system, chemical messengers are called _____________; when used in the endocrine system, chemical messengers are called______________.
neurotransmitters, hormones
Chemical signaling that affects neighboring cells is called ________.
paracrine
What cells secrete melatonin?
pinealocytes
Childbirth is an example of a ____________ feedback mechanism.
positive
Which of the following responses is not part of the fight-or-flight response?
reduced mental activity
Endocrine glands ________.
secrete chemical messengers that travel in the bloodstream
When blood calcium levels are low, PTH stimulates ________.
the activity of osteoclasts
In order to be functional, the thyroid gland has to release hormone into:
the blood
The hypothalamus is functionally and anatomically connected to the pituitary by ________.
the infundibulum
The development of a goiter indicates that ________.
there is an excessive accumulation of colloid in the thyroid follicles due to a lack of iodine
DNA gets ___________ into mRNA. The mRNA leaves the nucleus of the cell and gets ____________ into proteins.
transcribed, translated
Pituitary dwarfism occurs due to an _____ secretion of growth hormone.
under
