Module 11 Compression, System Backup, and Software Installation

image backup

A backup that writes data block by block to an archive without maintaining file structure information.

checksum

A calculated value that is unique to a file's size and contents.

Brasero

A common disc burning software used on Linux systems.

shared library

A file that contains executable code that can be used by multiple, different programs. It is the most common type of package dependency.

zmore command

Used to display the contents of an archive created with compress, zip, or gzip to Standard Output in a page-by-page fashion using the more command.

restore command

Used to extract archives created with the dump command.

apt-get command

Used to install and upgrade DPM packages from software repositories, as well as manage and remove installed DPM packages.

zypper command

Used to install and upgrade RPM packages from software repositories, as well as manage and remove installed RPM packages on SUSE and openSUSE Linux distributions.

yum (Yellowdog Updater Modified) command

Used to install and upgrade RPM packages from software repositories, as well as manage and remove installed RPM packages.

dpkg command

Used to install, query, and remove DPM packages.

rpm command

Used to install, query, and remove RPM packages.

sftp (secure FTP) command

Used to interact with FTP servers using SFTP.

dpkg-query command

Used to query installed DPM packages.

dpkg-reconfigure command

Used to reconfigure the installation settings for an already-installed DPM package.

apt-cache command

Used to search DPM repositories for package information.

bzgrep command

Used to search and display the contents of an archive created with bzip2 to Standard Output.

zgrep command

Used to search and display the contents of an archive created with compress, zip, or gzip to Standard Output.

rsync (remote sync) command

Used to copy files to and from Linux computers running the rsync service using SSH encryption. It is often used to copy archives to remote computers.

scp (secure copy) command

Used to copy files to and from Linux computers using SSH encryption. It is often used to copy archives to remote computers.

dd command

Used to create and restore image backups.

dump command

Used to create full and incremental backups of files on an ext2, ext3, or ext4 filesystem.

bunzip2 command

Used to decompress files compressed by the bzip2 command.

uncompress command

Used to decompress files compressed by the compress command.

gunzip command

Used to decompress files compressed by the gzip command

unxz command

Used to decompress files compressed by the xz command.

unzip command

Used to decompress files compressed by the zip command.

bzmore

Used to display the contents of an archive created with bzip2 to Standard Output in a page-by-page fashion using the more command.

zless command

Used to display the contents of an archive created with compress, zip, or gzip to Standard Output in a page-by-page fashion using the less command.

When compiling source code into a binary program, which command does the compiling using the GNU C Compiler?

make

package dependency

A list of packages that are prerequisite to the current package being installed on the system.

Red Hat Package Manager (RPM)

A package manager commonly used on Linux distributions derived from Red Hat Linux, and the default package manager used on Fedora Linux.

Debian Package Manager (DPM)

A package manager used on Debian and Debian-based Linux distributions, such as Ubuntu Server.

Which parameter should you use to extract files from a tar file?

-x

Which parameter should you use with the yum command so that you do not have to provide confirmation during the installation?

-y

When compiling source code into a binary program, which command performs a system check and creates the Makefile?

/configure

Which dump level indicates a full backup?

0

You have created a full backup and four incremental backups. In which order must you restore these backups?

0, 1, 2, 3, 4

Which value when used with gzip provides the highest compression but is slowest?

9

package group

A group of RPM packages that are commonly installed to provide a specific function on the system.

Software utility

A program that can be used to install, update, and remove RPM packages within a desktop environment on Fedora 28.

software repositories

A server on the Internet that hosts RPM or DPM packages for download.

software mirrors

A software repository that hosts the same RPM or DPM packages as other software repositories for fault tolerance and load balancing of download requests.

dnf (Dandified YUM) command

A speed-improved version of the yum command used on modern Linux distributions.

Aptitude

A utility that can be used to manage DPM packages using a graphical interface.

incremental backup

An archive of a filesystem that contains only files that were modified since the last archive was created.

Which of the following tasks can be performed by the apt-get command?

Install Upgrade Remove

If you have recently installed a package and run the update command to update the package, what is the likely outcome?

No new updates will be installed.

You can use the following command to update the local package index: sudo apt update Which of the immediate next step will you need to perform to complete the update?

Provide the password for the user account from which you are installing the package

When adding a firewall rule for HTTP, which zone should be used?

Public

To remove a package which of the following parameter must be run with the apt-get command?

Remove

Which of the following are updated with the following command sudo apt-get update?

Repositories Database

compression ratios

The amount that a file size is reduced during compression.

tar command

The most common command used to back up files to an archive. It can also be used to view and restore archives.

compression

The process in which files are reduced in size by a compression algorithm.

offsite backup

The process whereby an archive is copied to another computer across the Internet.

system backup

The process whereby files are copied to an archive.

compression algorithm

The set of instructions used to reduce the contents of a file systematically.

bzless commands

Used to display the contents of an archive created with bzip2 to Standard Output in a page-by-page fashion using the less command.

bzcat command

Used to display the contents of an archive created with bzip2 to Standard Output.

zcat command

Used to display the contents of an archive created with compress, zip, or gzip to Standard Output.

xzless

Used to display the contents of an archive created with xz to Standard Output in a page-by-page fashion using the less command.

xzmore

Used to display the contents of an archive created with xz to Standard Output in a page-by-page fashion using the more command.

xzcat

Used to display the contents of an archive created with xz to Standard Output.

wget (Web get) command / curl (client for URLs) command

Used to download files from the Internet.

xzgrep command

Used to search and display the contents of an archive created with xz to Standard Output.

apt (Advanced Package Tool) command

Used to search for, install, and upgrade DPM packages from software repositories, as well as view, manage, and remove installed DPM packages.

aptitude command

Used to start the Aptitude utility.

ldconfig command

Used to update the /etc/ld.so.conf and /etc/ld.so.cache files.

commands

Used to verify the checksum on a file where * represents the checksum algorithm. For example, to verify a SHA1 checksum, you could use the sha1sum command.

Which command should you use to update the firewall rules?

firewall-cmd --reload

What commands should be run following the installation of a shared library to update the /etc/ld.so.conf and /etc/ld.so.cache files?

ldconfig

Which of the following commands creates an archive?

tar -zcvf /dev/st0 *

Filenames that end with the .tar.gz or .tgz extension are commonly called what?

tarballs

Which command will list the dependencies of the httpd package?

yum deplist httpd

If you have httpd package installed, which of the following command should you use to get more information about it?

yum info httpd

To verify that the httpd package is installed, which of the following command should you use?

yum list httpd

What commands can be used to search for packages that contain the word oobla on RPM software repositories?

yum search oobla

You want to update all packages in your system as well as their dependencies. Which command should you use?

yum update

Which package do you need to install to enable automatic updates?

yum-cron

Which file do you need to edit to enable automatic updates?

yum-cron.conf

Which parameter should be used with the yum command to check if there are versions of a package available?

--showduplicates

What added to the dpkg command can be used to list the files that comprise a package?

-L

To decompress a file using the gzip command, which parameter do you need to use?

-d

If you need to find the information about a package using the rpm command, which parameter should you use?

-q

To view the contents of a tar file without extracting it, which parameter should you use?

-t

ldd command

Displays the shared libraries used by a certain program.

Which repository should you install before installing the Nginx Web server?

Epel

True or False: The Debian Package Manager (DPM) is the default package manager used by Fedora 28.

False

True or False: The bzip2 and gzip utilities use similar compression algorithms.

False

True or False: To install a new program from RPM software repositories on the Internet, you can use the dnf update programname command.

False

True or False: Most source code is typically available on the Internet in tarball format or as a git repository.

True

True or False: The -9 option to the gzip utility results in a higher compression ratio.

True

add-apt-repository command

Used to add repository information to the DPM repository database.

cpio command

Used to back up a wide variety of file types, as well as view and restore files from a backup.

gcc command

Used to compile source code written in the C programming language into binary programs.

bzip2 command

Used to compress files using a Burrows-Wheeler Block Sorting Huffman Coding compression algorithm.

compress command

Used to compress files using a Lempel-Ziv compression algorithm.

What commands can be used to remove the test DPM package, including any test configuration files?

apt purge test

Which utility uses the Burrows-Wheeler algorithm?

bzip2

Whaat commands extracts an archive?

cpio -vicdu -I /dev/fd0

Which option to the rpm command can be used to remove a package from the system?

e

Which command should you use to check if createrepo package is already installed?

rpm -qa | grep createrepo

What commands can be used to list the files contained within an installed RPM package?

rpm -ql packagename

Differential backups

An archive of a filesystem that contains only files that were modified since the last full backup was created.

full backup

An archive of all files on a filesystem.

To remove a package and its dependancies which of the following parameter must be run with the apt-get command?

Autoremove

gzip command

Used to compress files using a Lempel-Ziv compression algorithm.

xz command

Used to compress files using a Lempel-Ziv compression algorithm.

zip command

Used to compress files using a Lempel-Ziv compression algorithm.

rpm2cpio command

Used to convert an RPM package to an archive that can be accessed using the cpio command.

archives

The location (file or device) that contains a copy of files; it is typically created by a backup utility.