Module 11 Compression, System Backup, and Software Installation
image backup
A backup that writes data block by block to an archive without maintaining file structure information.
checksum
A calculated value that is unique to a file's size and contents.
Brasero
A common disc burning software used on Linux systems.
shared library
A file that contains executable code that can be used by multiple, different programs. It is the most common type of package dependency.
zmore command
Used to display the contents of an archive created with compress, zip, or gzip to Standard Output in a page-by-page fashion using the more command.
restore command
Used to extract archives created with the dump command.
apt-get command
Used to install and upgrade DPM packages from software repositories, as well as manage and remove installed DPM packages.
zypper command
Used to install and upgrade RPM packages from software repositories, as well as manage and remove installed RPM packages on SUSE and openSUSE Linux distributions.
yum (Yellowdog Updater Modified) command
Used to install and upgrade RPM packages from software repositories, as well as manage and remove installed RPM packages.
dpkg command
Used to install, query, and remove DPM packages.
rpm command
Used to install, query, and remove RPM packages.
sftp (secure FTP) command
Used to interact with FTP servers using SFTP.
dpkg-query command
Used to query installed DPM packages.
dpkg-reconfigure command
Used to reconfigure the installation settings for an already-installed DPM package.
apt-cache command
Used to search DPM repositories for package information.
bzgrep command
Used to search and display the contents of an archive created with bzip2 to Standard Output.
zgrep command
Used to search and display the contents of an archive created with compress, zip, or gzip to Standard Output.
rsync (remote sync) command
Used to copy files to and from Linux computers running the rsync service using SSH encryption. It is often used to copy archives to remote computers.
scp (secure copy) command
Used to copy files to and from Linux computers using SSH encryption. It is often used to copy archives to remote computers.
dd command
Used to create and restore image backups.
dump command
Used to create full and incremental backups of files on an ext2, ext3, or ext4 filesystem.
bunzip2 command
Used to decompress files compressed by the bzip2 command.
uncompress command
Used to decompress files compressed by the compress command.
gunzip command
Used to decompress files compressed by the gzip command
unxz command
Used to decompress files compressed by the xz command.
unzip command
Used to decompress files compressed by the zip command.
bzmore
Used to display the contents of an archive created with bzip2 to Standard Output in a page-by-page fashion using the more command.
zless command
Used to display the contents of an archive created with compress, zip, or gzip to Standard Output in a page-by-page fashion using the less command.
When compiling source code into a binary program, which command does the compiling using the GNU C Compiler?
make
package dependency
A list of packages that are prerequisite to the current package being installed on the system.
Red Hat Package Manager (RPM)
A package manager commonly used on Linux distributions derived from Red Hat Linux, and the default package manager used on Fedora Linux.
Debian Package Manager (DPM)
A package manager used on Debian and Debian-based Linux distributions, such as Ubuntu Server.
Which parameter should you use to extract files from a tar file?
-x
Which parameter should you use with the yum command so that you do not have to provide confirmation during the installation?
-y
When compiling source code into a binary program, which command performs a system check and creates the Makefile?
/configure
Which dump level indicates a full backup?
0
You have created a full backup and four incremental backups. In which order must you restore these backups?
0, 1, 2, 3, 4
Which value when used with gzip provides the highest compression but is slowest?
9
package group
A group of RPM packages that are commonly installed to provide a specific function on the system.
Software utility
A program that can be used to install, update, and remove RPM packages within a desktop environment on Fedora 28.
software repositories
A server on the Internet that hosts RPM or DPM packages for download.
software mirrors
A software repository that hosts the same RPM or DPM packages as other software repositories for fault tolerance and load balancing of download requests.
dnf (Dandified YUM) command
A speed-improved version of the yum command used on modern Linux distributions.
Aptitude
A utility that can be used to manage DPM packages using a graphical interface.
incremental backup
An archive of a filesystem that contains only files that were modified since the last archive was created.
Which of the following tasks can be performed by the apt-get command?
Install Upgrade Remove
If you have recently installed a package and run the update command to update the package, what is the likely outcome?
No new updates will be installed.
You can use the following command to update the local package index: sudo apt update Which of the immediate next step will you need to perform to complete the update?
Provide the password for the user account from which you are installing the package
When adding a firewall rule for HTTP, which zone should be used?
Public
To remove a package which of the following parameter must be run with the apt-get command?
Remove
Which of the following are updated with the following command sudo apt-get update?
Repositories Database
compression ratios
The amount that a file size is reduced during compression.
tar command
The most common command used to back up files to an archive. It can also be used to view and restore archives.
compression
The process in which files are reduced in size by a compression algorithm.
offsite backup
The process whereby an archive is copied to another computer across the Internet.
system backup
The process whereby files are copied to an archive.
compression algorithm
The set of instructions used to reduce the contents of a file systematically.
bzless commands
Used to display the contents of an archive created with bzip2 to Standard Output in a page-by-page fashion using the less command.
bzcat command
Used to display the contents of an archive created with bzip2 to Standard Output.
zcat command
Used to display the contents of an archive created with compress, zip, or gzip to Standard Output.
xzless
Used to display the contents of an archive created with xz to Standard Output in a page-by-page fashion using the less command.
xzmore
Used to display the contents of an archive created with xz to Standard Output in a page-by-page fashion using the more command.
xzcat
Used to display the contents of an archive created with xz to Standard Output.
wget (Web get) command / curl (client for URLs) command
Used to download files from the Internet.
xzgrep command
Used to search and display the contents of an archive created with xz to Standard Output.
apt (Advanced Package Tool) command
Used to search for, install, and upgrade DPM packages from software repositories, as well as view, manage, and remove installed DPM packages.
aptitude command
Used to start the Aptitude utility.
ldconfig command
Used to update the /etc/ld.so.conf and /etc/ld.so.cache files.
commands
Used to verify the checksum on a file where * represents the checksum algorithm. For example, to verify a SHA1 checksum, you could use the sha1sum command.
Which command should you use to update the firewall rules?
firewall-cmd --reload
What commands should be run following the installation of a shared library to update the /etc/ld.so.conf and /etc/ld.so.cache files?
ldconfig
Which of the following commands creates an archive?
tar -zcvf /dev/st0 *
Filenames that end with the .tar.gz or .tgz extension are commonly called what?
tarballs
Which command will list the dependencies of the httpd package?
yum deplist httpd
If you have httpd package installed, which of the following command should you use to get more information about it?
yum info httpd
To verify that the httpd package is installed, which of the following command should you use?
yum list httpd
What commands can be used to search for packages that contain the word oobla on RPM software repositories?
yum search oobla
You want to update all packages in your system as well as their dependencies. Which command should you use?
yum update
Which package do you need to install to enable automatic updates?
yum-cron
Which file do you need to edit to enable automatic updates?
yum-cron.conf
Which parameter should be used with the yum command to check if there are versions of a package available?
--showduplicates
What added to the dpkg command can be used to list the files that comprise a package?
-L
To decompress a file using the gzip command, which parameter do you need to use?
-d
If you need to find the information about a package using the rpm command, which parameter should you use?
-q
To view the contents of a tar file without extracting it, which parameter should you use?
-t
ldd command
Displays the shared libraries used by a certain program.
Which repository should you install before installing the Nginx Web server?
Epel
True or False: The Debian Package Manager (DPM) is the default package manager used by Fedora 28.
False
True or False: The bzip2 and gzip utilities use similar compression algorithms.
False
True or False: To install a new program from RPM software repositories on the Internet, you can use the dnf update programname command.
False
True or False: Most source code is typically available on the Internet in tarball format or as a git repository.
True
True or False: The -9 option to the gzip utility results in a higher compression ratio.
True
add-apt-repository command
Used to add repository information to the DPM repository database.
cpio command
Used to back up a wide variety of file types, as well as view and restore files from a backup.
gcc command
Used to compile source code written in the C programming language into binary programs.
bzip2 command
Used to compress files using a Burrows-Wheeler Block Sorting Huffman Coding compression algorithm.
compress command
Used to compress files using a Lempel-Ziv compression algorithm.
What commands can be used to remove the test DPM package, including any test configuration files?
apt purge test
Which utility uses the Burrows-Wheeler algorithm?
bzip2
Whaat commands extracts an archive?
cpio -vicdu -I /dev/fd0
Which option to the rpm command can be used to remove a package from the system?
e
Which command should you use to check if createrepo package is already installed?
rpm -qa | grep createrepo
What commands can be used to list the files contained within an installed RPM package?
rpm -ql packagename
Differential backups
An archive of a filesystem that contains only files that were modified since the last full backup was created.
full backup
An archive of all files on a filesystem.
To remove a package and its dependancies which of the following parameter must be run with the apt-get command?
Autoremove
gzip command
Used to compress files using a Lempel-Ziv compression algorithm.
xz command
Used to compress files using a Lempel-Ziv compression algorithm.
zip command
Used to compress files using a Lempel-Ziv compression algorithm.
rpm2cpio command
Used to convert an RPM package to an archive that can be accessed using the cpio command.
archives
The location (file or device) that contains a copy of files; it is typically created by a backup utility.