EXAM 1: Peds Ch. 31-33, 25-28 VOCAB

colostrum

"first milk" filled with complete nutrition produced when: first 2-4 days after birth

proximodistal

"from center to periphery" development of fine motor skills; baby first bats with whole hand, then grasps, then fingertip grasps

cephalocaudal

"from head to tail" related to development of gross motor skills; baby learns to lift head before learning to roll over and sit

community

a collection of people who interact with one another and whose common interests or characteristics form the basis for a sense of unity or belonging

BMI

a reflection of weight in relation to height

immunity

ability to destroy and remove a specific antigen from the body

binocularity

ability to fuse 2 ocular images into one cerebral picture when: begins at 6 weeks; established by 4 months

active immunity

acquired when a person's own immune system generates the immune response; lasts years or for a lifetime

medically fragile child

aka child with medical complexity; a child with substantial health care needs, one or more chronic conditions, functional limitations often associated with technology assistance, and health care use

medical home

an approach to care that builds a long-term and comprehensive relationship with the family; promotes trust and leads to comprehensive, continuous, coordinated, and cost-effective care

maturation

an increase in functionality of various body systems or developmental skills

growth

an increase in physical size

developmental surveillance

an ongoing collection of skilled observations made over time during health care visits; include addressing concerns, obtaining history, making observations, and consulting with relevant professionals

tympanometer

assesses the mobility of the eardrum (tympanic membrane); pull down on earlobe of infants and toddlers and on outer edge of the pinna in older children to straighten the ear canal and press the tip over the external canal

solitary play

baby does not share with other infants or directly plays with other infants

acrocyanosis

blueness of hands and feet; normal in babies up to several days of age and results from an immature circulatory system completing the switch from fetal to extrauterine life

developmental screenings

brief assessment procedures that identify children who warrant more intensive assessment and testing; may be observational or a caregiver report

stranger anxiety

clingy, whiny when approached by strangers; an indicator that the infant is recognizing himself or herself as separate from others when: 8 months

separation anxiety

distress related to removal from family and familiar surroundings

selective screening

done when a risk assessment indicates the child has one or more risk factors fro the disorder

anticipatory guidance

educating parents and caregivers about what to expect in the next phase of development

accommodation

focusing at different distances (constricts as the object moves closer)

Individualized Health Plan

formalizes the plan of support for a student with complex health care needs

colic

inconsolable crying that lasts 3 or + hours per day; may be due to GI or neuro system, temperament, or parenting style of mother or father when: begins/increases 2-6 weeks, done by 12 weeks intv: stepwise approach, one at a time

temperament

individual's nature, child's inborn traits that determine how he or she interacts with the world

object permanence

knowing an object still exists and searching for it where it was last seen when: 4-7 months, established by 8 months

obligate nose breather

long soft palate and relatively large tongue, which allows for swallowing without aspiration during breast or artificial nipple feeding; infants up to 3-6 months of age

stadiometer

measures height in standing children

foremilk

milk mother produces continually

hindmilk

new, fattier milk let down after foremilk that helps the infant grow quickly

therapeutic play

non-directed and focuses on helping the child cope with feelings and fears; used to help the child deal with the physical and psychological challenges of illness and hospitalization

risk assessment

performed by a physician or nurse practitioner with the child and includes objective and subjective data to determine the likelihood that the child will develop a condition

universal screening

performed when a reliable risk assessment procedure is not available; an entire population is screened regardless of the child's individual risk

screening tests

procedures or laboratory analyses used to identify children with a certain condition

passive immunity

produced when the immunoglobulins of one person are transferred to another; lasts weeks or months

PERRLA

pupils are equal, round, and reactive to light and accommodation

chief complaint

reason for the visit; "what can I help with today?"

let-down reflex

responsible for the release of milk from lactiferous sinuses

regression

return to a previous stage of development

Tanner stages

sexual maturity rating scale to describe breast development

fontanels

soft areas on the skull that remain open in infancy to allow for rapid brain growth;

lanugo

soft, downy hair on the body on the face and back; mroe abundant in Hispanic infants and premature infants

discipline

the molding of a child's behavior through instruction, practice, and consistency helps: build self-esteem, sets standards for social interactions goal: teach limits and help infant solve problems

development

the sequential process by which infants and children fain various skills and functions

magical thinking

type of thinking that allows for fantasies and creativity

point of maximum intensity

where apical pulse can be seen; at 3rd-4th intercostal space medial to the L midclavicular line (until 4 y.o), at 4th intercostal space at the left midclavicular line (4-6 y.o), lateral to L midclacivular line at 5th intercostal space (7+ y.o)