Exam 1 - Pt. 1

A focus of many community mental health programs is : a . prevention . b . isolation . c . spiritual guidance . d . experimental treatments .

Prevention

A student says, "The problem with single-subject experiments is that there is no control group, so you don't know if the treatment is effective." The BEST reply is: A) "You're absolutely right." B) "If you use a reversal design, then participants serve as their own controls." C) "Researchers routinely include control participants along with the actual participants." D) "You don't need controls; single-subject experiments are always double-masked."

"If you use a reversal design, then participants serve as their own controls

"Isn't the ABAB design pretty much a case study?" asks a student. The BEST answer would be: A) "Yes." B) "They're similar, but the ABAB design has greater internal validity." C) "They're similar, but the ABAB design has greater external validity." D) "They're not very similar, and the ABAB design has greater internal validity and greater external validity."

"They're similar, but ABAB design has great internal validly,"

On average , how much daily face - to - face social contact with others makes people the happiest ? a . 1 hour b . 3 hours c . 6 hours d . 9 hours

6 hours

Researchers have shown that in a typical year in the United States , approximately ___ percent of people with psychological disorders receive clinical treatment . a . 15 b . 30 c . 45 d . 60

60

Research shows that danger to self or others is found in a . a minority of cases of abnormal functioning . b . no cases of abnormal functioning . c . all cases of abnormal functioning . d . most but not all cases of abnormal functioning .

A minority of cases of abnomal functioning

Which would be the BEST design to study the effects of disasters on survivors? A) A clinical experiment B) An analogue experiment C) A natural experiment D) A double-masked design

A natural experiment

Which of these individuals would be MOST likely to be classified as exhibiting abnormal behavior ? a . a person who experiences grief immediately after losing her job and then her house b . a person who is nervous about shopping alone for weeks after being attacked by a mugger c . a person who always washes his hands immediately after returning home from grocery shopping d . a person who engages in multiple checking rituals each day and consequently is unable to hold down a job

A person who engages in multiple checking rituals each day and consequently is unable to hold down a job

Just a few decades ago , a woman's love for racecar driving would have been considered abnormal . This statement illustrates that : a . abnormal thinking centers on fear . b . abnormality can be situational . c . everyone is a little eccentric . d . women are labeled as abnormal more frequently than are men .

Abnormality can be situational

If researchers using matched control subjects find that abused children are sadder than nonabused children, those researchers know that: A) both groups of children showed equal levels of sadness before the study. B) the nonabused group differed from the abused group in many important ways. C) there were more girls than boys in the abused group because girls are more likely to be sad. D) abuse is probably what is causing the difference in sadness between these groups.

Abuse is probably what is causing the difference in sadness between these groups.

If a person's primary symptom was excessive worry , the psychotropic drug MOST likely to be prescribed for that person would be an : a . antipsychotic . b . antidepressant . c . antibiotic . d . antianxiety medication .

Antianxiety medication

Drugs designed to decrease extremely confused and distorted thinking are termed : a . antidepressants . b . antianxiety medications . c . mood stabilizers . d . antipsychotics

Antipsychotics

A researcher is considering whether to gather online data from Facebook users without informing the users that their data are being used. In terms of research ethics, which question is the MOST relevant? A) Are Facebook postings considered "public behavior"? B) Are Facebook users a random sample of whatever population is being studied? C) Will Facebook users be able to sue if they think their rights are being violated? D) Will the potential benefits of the research outweigh the potential risks to Facebook users?

Are Facebook postings considered "public behavior"?

One group of patients is treated with medication in a hospital. Another group is treated with the same medication on an outpatient basis. The diagnoses of the two groups of patients are equally serious. The BEST example of a confound in this study is the: A) characteristics of the hospital. B) type of medication given. C) seriousness of the diagnoses. D) level of improvement

Characteristics of the hospital

Parity laws for insurance coverage of mental health treatment mandate that : a . physicians and psychologists must have the same level of education . b . coverage for mental and physical be equal . c . The bunber of sessions allowed for treatment of mental and physical treatment must be equal d . patients must be allowed to choose the therapist they want for treatment

Coverage for mental and physical probakems must be reimbursed equally

Aggressive behavior would NOT be viewed as abnormal in a : a . society that values independence . b . culture that emphasizes competitiveness c . family that has experienced a traumatic event . d . person who has exhibited this behavior since early childhood .

Culture that emphasizes competitiveness

Commonly accepted features of abnormality include deviance , distress , dysfunction , and : a . danger . b . docility . c . delusions . d . deference .

Danger

Despite popular misconceptions , most people with psychological problems are not : a . dysfunctional . b . dangerous . c . distressed . d . deviant .

Dangerous

. In an ABAB design study, a researcher is measuring the level of depression with and without the addition of an exercise program. What is the first "A" in the study? A) Healthy eating habits B) Exercise C) No exercise D) Depression

Depression

Which event in the 1950s led to improvements in biological treatments for mental disorders ? a . discovery of psychotropic medications b . development of advanced neurosurgical techniques c . development of standardized screening tests for mental illness d . improved understanding of the electrical system of the human body

Discovery of psychotropic medication

Morgan hears voices that others do not but is not distressed by them . This illustrates that : a . distress must always be used to determine abnormality b . behavior that is not really dangerous can never be considered abnormal c . distress does not have to be present for a person's behavior to be considered abnormal . d . behavior that is not distressful is not abnormal .

Distress does not have to be present for a persons behavior to be considered abnormal

The MOST accurate summary of the field of abnormal psychology at the present time is that clinical psychologists generally : a . accept one definition of abnormality and practice one form of treatment . b . do not accept one definition of abnormality but practice one form of treatment . c . accept one definition of abnormality but practice more than one form of treatment . d . do not accept one definition of abnormality and practice more than one form of treatment .

Do not accept one defnition of abnormality and practive more than one form of treatmnent

A therapist believes so strongly in her approach that she finds improvement even when none exists. Which type of study design would prevent this problem? A) Longitudinal B) Double-masked C) Epidemiological D) Experimental

Double-masked

If a person experienced anxiety or depression following a significant natural disaster , we would say that the person was : a . suffering from a mental illness . b . deviant but not dangerous . c . exhibiting a typical reaction . d . statistically deviant .

Exhibiting a typical reaction

Research suggests that one negative effect of adolescents using social media sites is that these sites may : a . increase peer pressure b . encourage improper language skills . c . expose children to negative news stories . d . reward people for underperforming in school .

Exposes children to negatove new stories

Hospitalized patients with mental illness who show symptom improvement while taking medications are likely to be discharged . Studies have shown that many of these patients : a . fail to make lasting recoveries . b . ultimately become a danger to others . c . are rehospitalized in less than six months d . commit suicide after years of inadequate treatment .

Fail to make lasting recoveries

Critics of managed care programs for mental health services state that these programs : a . promote long - term dependence on therapists . b . do not support drug therapy as a form of treatment . c . focus too heavily on psychogenic causes of abnormalities d . Favor treatment whose results are typically shorter lasting

Favor treatment whise resilts are typicakly shorter lasting

One hundred psychiatric patients were randomly assigned to one of two groups. Group 1 received a new drug in pill form. Group 2 was given identical-looking placebo pills. A panel of psychiatrists, who did not know which pill each participant received, evaluated all participants for level of agitation. What could be a potential confound in this study? A) Having some seriously ill and some moderately ill patients in both groups B) Having all patients come from the same clinic C) Having the drug group be inpatients and the placebo group be outpatients D) Not previously testing the drug on primates

Having the drug group be inpatients and the placebo group be outparients

Ten new cases of schizophrenia were diagnosed in a small town in the Midwest this week. This observation refers to the _____ of schizophrenia in this small population. A) risk B) incidence C) prevalence D) epidemiology

Incidence.

If a particular study of alcoholism failed to control for cultural patterns in drinking among participants, the study would have low: A) external validity. B) internal validity. C) face validity. D) natural validity.

Internal validity

Using the four Ds to define abnormal psychology: a . allows us to create diagnoses that are clear-cut and not debatable . b . allows us to eliminate those who are merely eccentric. c . Allows us to inckude those who experience no distress d . is still often vague and subjective

Is still often vague and subjective

Compared with physical disorders , insurance reimbursement for treatment of mental disorders prior to enactment of the Affordable Care Act was generally : a . nonexistent . b . lower . c . about the same . d . higher .

Lower

Research indicates that , on average , social media users are particularly likely to : a . be mistrustful of others . b . struggle with feelings of anger . c . maintain close relationships . d . be able to resist peer pressure .

Maintaing close relationships

Which statement BEST reflects the impact of deinstitutionalization ? a . Most people with severe disturbances are receiving treatment . b . Many people with severe disturbances are in jail or on the street . c . Care is now consistent , and there is no shuttling back and forth through different levels of care . d . Communities have been able to pick up the care of those with severe disturbances and provide effective treatment for most all of them .

Many peopke with severe disturbances are in jail or in the street

Luna is taking a psychotropic medication . Which condition does she MOST likely have ? a . mood disorder b . age - related disorder c . developmental disorder d . physical abnormality

Mood disorder

Immigration trends and differences in birth rates among minority groups in the United States have caused psychological treatment to become more : a . hospital focused . b . multicultural . c . positive . d . dependent on the use of medications .

Multicultural

Which statement is the MOST accurate conclusion about the current understanding of abnormal psychology ? a . No single definition of abnormality has won total acceptance . b . Although abnormality is a well - defined concept , no consensus about treatment exists c . We have not advanced much beyond the demonology era . d . Both the nature of abnormality and the course of treatment are well understood .

No single definition of abnormality has won total acceptance

A therapist has created a new psychotherapy approach and initiates this treatment with a client. The therapist conducts a case study and publishes the results. Which factor is MOST likely to be present in this study? A) Observer bias B) Placebo effect C) Lack of informed consent D) High external validity

Observer bias

A student says, "Quick! I have to take a test in two minutes. I need help remembering which kind of correlation coefficient shows a weak relationship between two variables." Which answer will help this student? A) One that is statistically significant B) One that is close to minus one (-1) C) One that is close to zero (0) D) One that doesn't prove a causal relationship between the variables

One that is close to zero (0)

In the United States today , prison and jail inmates suffering from mental disturbance number a . just under 100,000 . b . about 150,000 . c . about 300,000 . d . over 400,000 .

Over 400,000

Which feature is NOT common in managed care programs ? a . limited pool of practitioners for patients to choose from b . preapproval for treatment by the insurance company c . ongoing reviews and assessments d . patient choice in number of therapy sessions

Patient chioce in number of thearpy sessions

One cause of the increase in individuals experiencing homelessness in recent decades has been the : a . policy of deinstitutionalization . b . decrease in the effectiveness of medications . c . decrease in the use of private psychotherapy . d . move to the community mental health approach .

Policy of deinstitutionalization

Which pair of words BEST describes the current emphasis in mental health ? a . prevention and positive psychology b . promotion and public psychology c . perfection and primary psychology d . people and professional psychology

Prevention and positove psychology

According to Jerome Frank , all forms of therapy have three essential features a sufferer who seeks relief , a trained and socially accepted healer , and a ( n ) : a . clinical diagnosis . b . period of remission c . acceptance of a higher power . d . series of contacts between the sufferer and the healer .

Series of contacts betweek the sufferer and the healer

In which profession do people tend to be less happy than in the others ? a . clergy b . firefighters c . service station attendants d . special - education teachers

Service station attendant

Compared with the number of patients hospitalized in U.S. mental hospitals in the 1950s , the number of hospitalized patients today is : a . significantly less . b . slightly less . c . slightly more . d . significantly more .

Significantky less

Which item is an analogue study? A) Studying children in their classrooms B) Studying the effects of stress in nonhumans C) Studying the effects of metaphors on memory D) Studying older adults in nursing homes

Studying the effects of stress in nonhumnas

Shaun wants to be a good participant. He knows that his professor is an environmentalist, so his answers on the survey reflect a pro-environment position. This is an example of: A) subject bias. B) a placebo effect. C) random variation. D) experimenter bias.

Subject bias

Which statement BEST describes the effect of technology on mental health ? a . There is widespread consensus that technology causes deviant and dysfunctional behavior b . Technology has eroded society's sense of community and people's desire to engage with others . c . There is no research - based evidence to support any connect between technology and mental health . d . Technology provides new triggers for abnormal behaviors .

Technology provides new triggers for abnormal behavior

At which age do people tend to be the happiest ? a . teenage years b . young adulthood c . middle age d . Old age

Teenage years

Which phenomenon would MOST appropriately be studied using a quasi-experimental design? A) The effects of running and weight lifting on mood B) The effects of parents with schizophrenia on children's adjustment C) The effects of a parental training program on children's achievement D) The effects of a support group in helping people lose weight

The effects of parents with schizophrenia on children's adjustment

One hundred psychiatric patients were randomly assigned to one of two groups. One group received a new drug in pill form. The other group was given identical-looking placebo pills. A panel of psychiatrists, who did not know which pill each participant received, evaluated all participants for level of agitation. What is the control group? A) The new drug B) The level of agitation C) The participants who got the placebo D) The psychiatric evaluation

The participants who got the placebo

Which potential ethical concern exists regarding placebo drug studies? A) The experimental group receives an untried medication. B) The placebo group receives no treatment at all. C) The placebo group receives another medication that may not be as effective. D) The experimental group is given medications to which the general population does not have access.

The placebo group receives no treatment at all

Which statement is TRUE about the participation of women in the mental health professions ? a . There are more female psychiatrists than female counselors . b . Women , as a group , prefer working in clinical settings . c . The profession with the highest percentage of women is social work . d . Female psychologists earn more than male psychologists .

The profession with the highest percentage of women is social work

Dr. Huang required half of a group of healthy volunteers to study a reading passage for 1 hour. The other half of the participants studied for 15 minutes. Dr. Huang then administered a test of participants' memory of details from the passage. What was the dependent variable? A) The study time B) The memory test C) The reading passage D) The results of the memory test

The results of the memory test

People with severe mental illnesses are LESS likely to be ____ than they were 50 years ago . a . medicated with psychotropic drugs b . hospitalized in mental institutions c . homeless or in prison d . treated in outpatient facilities

Treated in outpatient facilities

In what way did the experiments performed by Bernheim and Liébault provide support for the psychogenic perspective of abnormality ? a . Using hypnosis , they could produce artificial symptoms such as blindness in healthy subjects . b . Using small amounts of electrical current , they could induce false psychological problems in healthy subjects . c . Using biofeedback systems , they could reduce anxiety symptoms in subjects . d . Using guided imagery , they could cure patients with a variety of psychological disorders .

Using hypnosis, they could produce artificial symptons such as blindness in healthy subjects

Which statement about the various viewpoints of clinical psychology is TRUE ? a . Various perspectives coexist , and they often conflict and compete with one another . b . Since the late 1950s , the biological perspective is the primary perspective taught in medical schools . c . Although many perspectives exist , the psychoanalytic perspective remains the dominant perspective in the field . d . Among the various perspectives , those most highly regarded are those based on the influence of external factors .

Various persoectives cowxist and they often confkict and complete qith one another

A researcher randomly assigns young women with anorexia to one of two groups. Participants in group A receive psychotherapy and drug treatments; participants in group B receive attention (but no therapy) and a sugar pill. The researcher then compares participants in the two groups on relief of anorexia symptoms. This is an example of a(n): A) experimental study. B) natural experiment. C) correlational study. D) case study.

experimental study

A person says, "I think the Red Sox win more games on Tuesdays than on any other day of the week." Although this statement is not very scientific, it is a(n): A) research finding. B) hypothesis. C) example of a case study. D) research conclusion.

hypothesis

Students were given a sensation-seeking test and then divided into two groups based on their scores. A researcher observed how many times students in each group got out of their seats over the course of 2 hours. The dependent variable is: A) number of times getting out of one's seat. B) scores on the sensation-seeking test. C) the group of students. D) the length of the observation period.

number of times getting out of one's seat

In the United States today , one is MOST likely to find a severely ill mental patient : a . in a mental hospital . b . on the street or in jail . c . receiving drug counseling in a shelter . d . in private therapy paid for by the state .

on the street or in jail

To study some gender differences, a researcher selected a group of 10 men and 10 women and treated all participants exactly the same. Each participant was given a test of psychological function. This study is an example of a(n): A) experiment. B) double-masked design. C) correlational study. D) quasi-experimental study.

quasi-experimental study

A researcher designed an experiment to study the causes of aggression in children. Half the children ate a sugared cereal; the other half ate cornflakes. The researcher then recorded the number of aggressive acts displayed by the children in a one-hour play period after breakfast. In this experiment, _____ is the dependent variable and _____ is the independent variable. A) sugared cereal; cornflakes B) the play period; the number of aggressive responses C) breakfast; the length of the play period D) the number of aggressive responses; cornflakes

the number of aggressive responses; cornflakes

The BEST way to select a random sample of 10 students from a class would be to: A) choose the first 10 who enter the classroom. B) choose the last 10 who leave the classroom. C) write each student's name on a piece of paper, put the papers in a pile, close eyes, and pick 10 papers. D) ask students their ethnicity, grade-point average, and academic major, and then be sure the sample reflects all of these student characteristics

write each student's name on a piece of paper, put the papers in a pile, close eyes, and pick 10 papers.