Exam 1 Random Q

The total volume of blood in the body of an adult male is approximately ________ liters A) 5 to 6 B) 4 C) 10 D) 6 to 8 E) 3

5 to 6

Plasma composes about ________ percent of whole blood, and water composes ________ percent of the plasma volume. A) 92; 7 B) 50; 50 C) 45; 55 D) 55; 92 E) 92; 55

55; 92

Compute Joe's stroke volume if his end-systolic volume (ESV) is 40 mL and his end-diastolic volume (EDV) is 125 mL. A) 45 mL B) 5000 mL C) 85 mL D) 165 mL E) 500 mL

85 mL

Neurons of the supra-optic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus manufacture A) ADH and OXT. B) TSH and FSH. C) GHIH and GHRH. D) CRF and GnRH. E) FSH and PRL.

ADH and OXT

During ventricular systole, the A) pressure in the ventricles remains constant. B) AV valves are closed. C) blood is entering the ventricles. D) pressure in the aorta remains constant. E) atria are contracting.

AV valves are closed.

What condition is characterized by increased body weight due to Na+ and water retention and a low blood K+ concentration? A) diabetes insipidus B) Grave's disease C) diabetes mellitus D) Aldosteronism E) Cushing's disease

Aldosteronism

The hypophyseal portal system A) carries neurosecretions to the anterior lobe of the pituitary. B) has two capillary plexuses connected by short veins. C) carries ADH and oxytocin. D) All of the answers are correct. E) None of the answers is correct.

All of the answers are correct

Which of the following is a known effect of thyroid hormone on peripheral tissues? A) increased body temperature B) increased sensitivity to adrenergic stimulation C) increased heart rate D) increased oxygen consumption E) All of the answers are correct.

All of the answers are correct.

The zona reticularis of the adrenal cortex produces A) norepinephrine. B) androgens. C) epinephrine. D) glucocorticoids. E) mineralocorticoids.

androgens.

Steroid hormones A) remain in circulation for relatively short periods of time. B) bind to receptors in the nucleus of their target cells. C) cannot diffuse through cell membranes. D) are proteins. E) are transported in the blood dissolved in the plasma.

bind to receptors in the nucleus of their target cells.

The functional organization of the nervous system parallels that of the ________ system in many ways A) integumentary B) body C) muscular D) endocrine E) cardiovascular

body

Growth hormone does all of the following except A) cause fat accumulation within adipocytes. B) promote bone growth. C) promote amino acid uptake by cells. D) promote muscle growth.

cause fat accumulation within adipocytes.

Peptide hormones are A) composed of amino acids. B) chemically related to cholesterol. C) lipids. D) derived from the amino acid tyrosine. E) produced by the adrenal glands.

composed of amino acids

Red blood cell production is regulated by the hormone ________ which is mostly produced in the ________. A) thymosin; thymus B) renin; kidneys C) angiotensin; lungs D) erythropoietin; kidneys E) erythropoietin; liver

erythropoietin; kidneys

When blood glucose levels fall, A) glucagon is released. B) glucagon is released and protein synthesis increases. C) insulin is released. D) protein synthesis increases. E) peripheral cells take up more glucose.

glucagon is released.

Hormones that dominate during the resistance phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS) are the A) catecholamines. B) glucocorticoids. C) mineralocorticoids. D) gonadotropins. E) androgens.

glucocorticoids.

The percent fraction of formed elements relative to whole blood is the A) hematocrit. B) packed volume. C) specific gravity. D) differential cell count. E) viscosity.

hematocrit

Which of the following proteins functions to store or transport oxygen? A) albumin B) transferrin C) hemoglobin D) immunoglobulin E) All of the answers are correct.

hemoglobin

Norepinephrine and epinephrine are considered to be ________ when released into the bloodstream, but ________ when released at synapses A) neuropeptides; neurohormones B) neurotransmitters; hormones C) neurotransmitters; neuropeptides D) hormones; neurotransmitters E) neuropeptides; neurotransmitters

hormones; neurotransmitters

During a bacterial infection you would expect to see increased numbers of A) thrombocytes. B) reticulocytes. C) eosinophils. D) basophils. E) neutrophils.

neutrophils.

Identify the hormone labeled "13." A) testosterone B) estrogen C) progesterone D) LH E) oxytocin

oxytocin

The hormone(s) that may be slowly administered by intravenous drip to accelerate labor and delivery is/are A) prolactin. B) oxytocin. C) luteinizing hormone. D) oxytocin and luteinizing hormone.

oxytocin.

Tetanic muscle contractions don't occur in a normal cardiac muscle because A) the refractory period lasts until the muscle relaxes. B) neural stimulation is lacking. C) the refractory period ends before the muscle reaches peak tension. D) potassium channels outnumber sodium channels. E) cardiac muscle tissue contracts on its own.

the refractory period lasts until the muscle relaxes.

Thyroxine and calcitonin are secreted by the A) heart. B) gonads. C) kidneys. D) pituitary gland. E) thyroid gland.

thyroid gland.

The hormone produced by the pars intermedia of the adenohypophysis during early childhood is A) ACTH. B) FSH. C) MSH. D) TSH. E) ADH.

MSH

________ is to contraction as ________ is to relaxation. A) Systole; diastole B) Filling; relaxing C) Diastole; systole

Systole; diastole

The anterior lobe of the pituitary is also known as the A) median eminence. B) infundibulum. C) neurohypophysis. D) adenohypophysis. E) hypothalamus.

adenohypophysis.

Peptide hormones are A) derived from the amino acid tyrosine. B) chemically related to cholesterol. C) produced by the adrenal glands. D) lipids. E) composed of amino acids.

composed of amino acids

Why can't a person with type A blood safely receive blood from a person with type B blood? A) A person with type A blood will have anti- B platelets that will cause abnormal clotting with type B blood. B) A person with type A blood will have anti- A platelets that will cause abnormal clotting with type B blood. C) A person with type A blood will have anti- AB antibodies that will agglutinate with type B blood. D) A person with type A blood will have anti- B antibodies that will agglutinate with type B blood. E) A person with type A blood will have anti- A antibodies that will agglutinate with type B blood.

A person with type A blood will have anti-B antibodies that will agglutinate with type B blood

Define regulatory hormone. A) A regulatory hormone is a hormone secreted by the hypothalamus that controls endocrine tissues throughout the body. B) A regulatory hormone is a hormone secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland that controls endocrine tissues in the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. C) A regulatory hormone is a hormone secreted by the hypothalamus that controls endocrine cells in the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. D) A regulatory hormone is a hormone secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland that controls endocrine tissues throughout the body. E) A regulatory hormone is a hormone secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland that controls endocrine tissues in the hypothalamus.

A regulatory hormone is a hormone secreted by the hypothalamus that controls endocrine cells in the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland.

The posterior pituitary gland secretes A) FSH. B) ACTH. C) MSH. D) ADH. E) TSH.

ADH

The posterior pituitary gland secretes A) TSH. B) ADH. C) MSH. D) ACTH. E) FSH.

ADH

Identify the types of cells in the pancreatic islets and the hormones produced by each. A) Alpha cells produce insulin, beta cells produce glucagon, delta cells produce a peptide hormone like GH- IH, and pancreatic polypeptide cells produce pancreatic polypeptide hormone. B) Alpha cells produce insulin, beta cells produce a peptide hormone like GH- IH, delta cells produce glucagon, and pancreatic polypeptide cells produce pancreatic polypeptide hormone. C) Alpha cells produce a peptide hormone like GH- IH, beta cells produce glucagon, delta cells produce insulin, and pancreatic polypeptide cells produce pancreatic polypeptide hormone. D) Alpha cells produce glucagon, beta cells produce a peptide hormone like GH- IH, delta cells produce insulin, and pancreatic polypeptide cells produce pancreatic polypeptide hormone. E) Alpha cells produce glucagon, beta cells produce insulin, delta cells produce a peptide hormone like GH- IH, and pancreatic polypeptide cells produce pancreatic polypeptide hormone.

Alpha cells produce glucagon, beta cells produce insulin, delta cells produce a peptide hormone like GH-IH, and pancreatic polypeptide cells produce pancreatic polypeptide hormone.

What effect would an increase in venous return have on the stroke volume? A) An increase in venous return would fill the ventricles with more blood, increasing sarcomere length, which would increase the stroke volume. B) An increase in venous return would fill the ventricles with less blood, decreasing sarcomere length, which would increase the stroke volume. C) An increase in venous return would fill the ventricles with more blood, decreasing sarcomere length, which would decrease the stroke volume. D) An increase in venous return would fill the ventricles with less blood, decreasing sarcomere length, which would decrease the stroke volume. E) An increase in venous return would fill the ventricles with less blood, increasing sarcomere length, which would decrease the stroke volume.

An increase in venous return would fill the ventricles with more blood, increasing sarcomere length, which would increase the stroke volume.

Define diabetes mellitus A) Diabetes mellitus is an endocrine disorder characterized by elevated blood calcium levels. B) Diabetes mellitus is an endocrine disorder characterized by fluid retention and excretion of small volumes of concentrated urine. C) Diabetes mellitus is an endocrine disorder characterized by excessive thirst and extremely large volumes of dilute urine. D) Diabetes mellitus is an endocrine disorder characterized by reduced blood glucose levels. E) Diabetes mellitus is an endocrine disorder characterized by elevated blood glucose levels.

Diabetes mellitus is an endocrine disorder characterized by elevated blood glucose levels.

Define hematocrit A) Hematocrit is the percentage of whole blood volume contributed by formed elements. B) Hematocrit is the percentage of whole blood volume contributed by white blood cells. C) Hematocrit is the percentage of whole blood volume contributed by platelets. D) Hematocrit is the percentage of whole blood volume contributed by plasma. E) Hematocrit is the percentage of whole blood volume contributed by water.

Hematocrit is the percentage of whole blood volume contributed by formed elements

________ are chemical messengers that are released in one tissue and transported in the bloodstream to alter the activities of specific cells in other tissues. A) Paracrine factors B) Hormones C) Neuropeptides D) Neurotransmitters E) None of the answers is correct.

Hormones

What is the effect of increased glucagon levels on the amount of glycogen stored in the liver? A) Increased glucagon will decrease the amount of glycogen stored in the liver. B) Increased glucagon will increase the amount of glycogen stored in the liver. C) Increased glucagon will not change the amount of glycogen stored in the liver.

Increased glucagon will decrease the amount of glycogen stored in the liver.

What is the effect of increased glucagon levels on the amount of glycogen stored in the liver? A) Increased glucagon will not change the amount of glycogen stored in the liver. B) Increased glucagon will increase the amount of glycogen stored in the liver. C) Increased glucagon will decrease the amount of glycogen stored in the liver.

Increased glucagon will decrease the amount of glycogen stored in the liver.

The pituitary hormone that promotes ovarian secretion of progesterone and testicular secretion of testosterone is A) TSH. B) ACTH. C) FSH. D) LH. E) GH.

LH

Why do signs and symptoms of decreased thyroxine concentration not appear until about a week after a thyroidectomy (surgical removal of the thyroid gland)? A) Most of the thyroxine is bound to proteins in the bloodstream and the hormones are released gradually. B) The anterior pituitary gland can start producing thyroxine. C) About a week's worth of thyroxine is stored in the liver. D) The parathyroid glands can take over function of the thyroid gland for a short period of time. E) About a week's worth of thyroxine is stored in the anterior pituitary gland.

Most of the thyroxine is bound to proteins in the bloodstream and the hormones are released gradually.

Which of the following is released due to sensory input and thus part of a neuroendocrine reflex? A) TSH B) FSH C) somatotropin D) OXT E) corticotropin

OXT

The ________ is a procedure that is used to determine the number of mature erythrocytes. A) complete blood count B) differential count C) reticulocyte count D) RBC count E) platelet count

RBC count

Describe the location and position of the heart. A) The heart is located near the posterior chest wall, directly beside the vertebral column. B) The heart is located near the stomach in the abdominopelvic cavity. C) The heart is located near the anterior chest wall, below the diaphragm. D) The heart is located near the right lateral chest wall. E) The heart is located near the anterior chest wall, directly behind the sternum.

The heart is located near the anterior chest wall, directly behind the sternum.

Describe the heart's location in the body A) The heart is surrounded by the pericardium in the anterior mediastinum, deep to the sternum and superior to the diaphragm. B) The heart is surrounded by the pericardium in the posterior mediastinum, deep to the lungs and superior to the diaphragm. C) The heart is surrounded by the pleural cavity in the posterior mediastinum, deep to the sternum and inferior to the diaphragm. D) The heart is surrounded by the mediastinum in the anterior pericardium, deep to the sternum and superior to the diaphragm. E) The heart is surrounded by the pleural cavity in the anterior mediastinum, deep to the lungs and superior to the diaphragm.

The heart is surrounded by the pericardium in the anterior mediastinum, deep to the sternum and superior to the diaphragm.

What is the common goal of the nervous and endocrine systems? A) To send electrical impulses throughout the body. B) To increase cellular reactions in all the cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems of the body. C) To transport gases, regulate pH, and control fluid volumes in the body. D) To coordinate and regulate the activities of other cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems. E) To send chemical messengers though the bloodstream to the cells of the body.

To coordinate and regulate the activities of other cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems

What is the common goal of the nervous and endocrine systems? A) To send chemical messengers though the bloodstream to the cells of the body. B) To transport gases, regulate pH, and control fluid volumes in the body. C) To coordinate and regulate the activities of other cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems. D) To increase cellular reactions in all the cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems of the body. E) To send electrical impulses throughout the body.

To coordinate and regulate the activities of other cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems.

Intercalated discs serve to transfer all of the following from cell to cell except A) action potentials. B) ionic currents. C) Z- lines. D) the force of contraction. E) small molecules.

Z-lines.

Damage to cells of the zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex would result in A) decreased levels of sodium ion in the blood. B) increased water retention. C) the loss of axillary and pubic hair. D) decreased ability to convert amino acids to glucose. E) increased volume of urine formation.

decreased ability to convert amino acids to glucose

Damage to cells of the zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex would result in A) increased volume of urine formation. B) the loss of axillary and pubic hair. C) decreased levels of sodium ion in the blood. D) increased water retention. E) decreased ability to convert amino acids to glucose.

decreased ability to convert amino acids to glucose.

The hypothalamus is an important organ in both the ________ and ________ systems. A) nervous; renal B) endocrine; nervous C) renal; endocrine D) endocrine; lymphatic E) cardiovascular; nervous

endocrine; nervous

White blood cells that are increased in individuals with allergic reactions are the A) monocytes. B) eosinophils. C) basophils. D) lymphocytes. E) neutrophils.

eosinophils

Which of the following hormones increases and prolongs effects of the sympathetic nervous system? A) epinephrine B) insulin C) cortisol D) parathyroid hormone E) growth hormone

epinephrine

Averaged over a few heartbeats, venous return is ________ cardiac output. A) somewhat higher than B) much higher than C) much lower than D) equal to E) somewhat lower than

equal to

David suffers from a prolapsed mitral valve. This condition would cause A) regurgitation. B) increased effort by the left ventricle and regurgitation. C) increased effort by the right ventricle and regurgitation. D) increased effort by the right ventricle. E) increased effort by the left ventricle.

increased effort by the left ventricle and regurgitation.

When blood glucose levels rise A) protein synthesis decreases. B) peripheral cells take up less glucose. C) peripheral cells break down glycogen. D) insulin is released. E) glucagon is released.

insulin is released.

The pancreatic hormone that causes blood sugar levels to fall is A) glucagon. B) cortisol. C) aldosterone. D) somatotropin. E) insulin.

insulin.

The pancreatic hormone that causes blood sugar to enter its target cells is A) insulin. B) erythropoietin. C) glucagon. D) somatotropin. E) cortisol.

insulin.

What kind of effect do hormones have if they produce different but complementary effects? A) additive effects B) integrative effects C) permissive effects D) antagonistic effects

integrative effects

Hormones that produce different but complementary results are called A) permissive. B) agonistic. C) antagonistic. D) additive. E) integrative.

integrative.

Platelet factor (PF-3) is a factor in the ________ pathway. A) common B) retraction C) extrinsic D) fibrinolytic E) intrinsic

intrinsic

Most of the mass of the heart lies to the ________ the midline A) right of B) area above C) area below D) left of E) None of the answers is correct.

left of

Most of the mass of the heart lies to the ________ the midline. A) area below B) right of C) area above D) left of E) None of the answers is correct.

left of

The ________ has a greater workload than the ________. A) right ventricle; left ventricle B) left ventricle; right ventricle C) right ventricle; pulmonary circulation D) right ventricle; systemic circulation E) None of the answers is correct.

left ventricle; right ventricle

During the resistance phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS) A) levels of growth hormone decrease. B) levels of insulin decrease. C) lipid reserves are mobilized. D) blood glucose levels fall drastically. E) proteins are conserved.

lipid reserves are mobilized.

During the resistance phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS), A) blood glucose levels fall drastically. B) levels of insulin decrease. C) proteins are conserved. D) levels of growth hormone decrease. E) lipid reserves are mobilized.

lipid reserves are mobilized.

Which organ secretes most of the plasma proteins? A) brain B) liver C) heart D) pancreas E) kidney

liver

Destruction of the supra-optic nucleus of the hypothalamus would have which result? A) loss of regulatory factor secretion B) loss of melatonin secretion C) loss of emotional response D) loss of ADH secretion E) loss of GH secretion

loss of ADH secretion

Which of the following might occur in an overdose of insulin? A) high blood glucose B) polyuria C) ketoacidosis D) glycosuria E) low blood glucose

low blood glucose

The coronary sulcus is a groove that A) separates the coronary arteries from the coronary veins. B) separates the atrioventricular valves from the atria. C) marks the boundary line between the right and left atria. D) marks the border between the atria and ventricles. E) marks the boundary line between the right and left ventricles.

marks the border between the atria and ventricles.

Decreased blood calcium level would result in increased secretion of which hormone? A) cortisol B) thyroid stimulating hormone C) parathyroid hormone D) calcitonin E) growth hormone

parathyroid hormone

The cavity that contains only the heart is the A) pleural cavity. B) thoracic cavity. C) mediastinum. D) pericardial cavity. E) anterior cavity.

pericardial cavity.

A person's blood type is determined largely by the A) presence of specific glycoproteins on the cell membrane. B) shape of the RBCs. C) size of the RBCs. D) volume of the RBCs. E) chemical character of the hemoglobin.

presence of specific glycoproteins on the cell membrane.

If a patient's tricuspid valve was leaking during systole, what would happen? A) regurgitation back into the left atrium B) regurgitation back into the right atrium C) regurgitation back into the aorta D) regurgitation back into the superior vena cava E) regurgitation back into the pulmonary trunk

regurgitation back into the right atrium

The extrinsic pathway of coagulation is initiated by the A) activation of Factor VII exposed to collagen. B) sticking of platelets to damaged tissue. C) conversion of prothrombin to thrombin. D) release of tissue factor (Factor III) by damaged endothelium. E) release of heparin from the liver.

release of tissue factor (Factor III) by damaged endothelium.

The marginal branch and posterior interventricular branch are branches of the A) circumflex artery. B) left coronary artery. C) right coronary artery. D) aorta. E) coronary sinus.

right coronary artery.

When a catecholamine or peptide hormone binds to receptors on the surface of a cell, the A) second messenger appears in the cytoplasm. B) cell membrane becomes depolarized. C) hormone is transported to the nucleus where it alters the activity of DNA. D) hormone receptor complex moves into the cytoplasm. E) cell becomes inactive.

second messenger appears in the cytoplasm.

Cells can respond to ________ hormone(s) at a time. A) one or two B) two C) several D) only one

several

The long plateau phase of the cardiac muscle action potential is due to A) increased membrane permeability to potassium ion. B) voltage- gated calcium channels remaining open. C) movement of fewer sodium ions across the cell membrane into the cell. D) increased membrane permeability to sodium ions. E) decrease in the amount of calcium diffusing across the membrane.

voltage-gated calcium channels remaining open.

The most abundant component of plasma is A) water. B) ions. C) proteins. D) gases. E) nutrients.

water

Shelly has a hormone-secreting tumor of the adrenal gland. The tumor is causing her to have a deep voice, grow extensive body hair, and stop menstruating. This tumor probably involves cells of the A) zona reticularis. B) adrenal medulla. C) pars intermedia. D) zona glomerulosa. E) zona fasciculata.

zona reticularis

An excess of which hormone can lead to acromegaly? A) 3 B) 4 C) 6 D) 7 E) 14

6

Define synergistic effect. A) A synergistic effect is when one hormone is available it will block the effects of a second hormone. B) A synergistic effect is when two hormones produce different but complementary effects in specific tissues or organs. C) A synergistic effect is when two hormones have an effect where the net result is greater than the sum of the hormones' individual effects. D) A synergistic effect is when two hormones exhibit opposing actions. E) A synergistic effect is when one hormone is needed for a second hormone to produce its effect.

A synergistic effect is when two hormones have an effect where the net result is greater than the sum of the hormones' individual effects.

Define synergistic effect. A) A synergistic effect is when two hormones produce different but complementary effects in specific tissues or organs. B) A synergistic effect is when two hormones have an effect where the net result is greater than the sum of the hormones' individual effects. C) A synergistic effect is when two hormones exhibit opposing actions. D) A synergistic effect is when one hormone is available it will block the effects of a second hormone. E) A synergistic effect is when one hormone is needed for a second hormone to produce its effect.

A synergistic effect is when two hormones have an effect where the net result is greater than the sum of the hormones' individual effects.

When a G protein becomes activated and causes an activation of enzymes, A) ATP is consumed and cAMP is formed. B) cAMP is formed. C) cAMP is broken down. D) ATP is consumed. E) None of the answers is correct.

ATP is consumed and cAMP is formed.

The hypophyseal portal system A) carries neurosecretions to the anterior lobe of the pituitary. B) carries ADH and oxytocin. C) has two capillary plexuses connected by short veins. D) All of the answers are correct. E) None of the answers is correct.

All of the answers are correct.

The pituitary hormone that promotes egg development in ovaries and sperm development in testes is A) TSH. B) ACTH. C) FSH. D) LH. E) GH.

FSH

Which condition would a patient have if she had a depressed hematocrit level? A) erythrocytosis B) anemia C) reticulocytosis D) thrombocytopenia E) polycythemia

anemia

In general, the effects of natriuretic peptides are ________ to those of the renin-angiotensin system A) synergistic B) additive C) permissive D) antagonistic E) integrative

antagonistic

Name the two lobes of the pituitary gland. A) anterior lobe and posterior lobe B) superior lobe and inferior lobe C) medial lobe and lateral lobe D) caudate lobe and quadrate lobe E) greater lobe and lesser lobe

anterior lobe and posterior lobe

The endocrine system works most closely with the ________ system to maintain homeostasis. A) lymphatic B) muscular C) reproductive D) skeletal E) cardiovascular

cardiovascular

Rouleaux refers to the ability of RBCs to A) squeeze through small capillaries smaller than their cell diameter. B) live without a nucleus. C) form stacks. D) carry hemoglobin. E) establish a large surface area- to- volume ratio.

form stacks

A person with untreated diabetes mellitus may exhibit all of the following symptoms except A) hyperglycemia. B) glucosuria. C) excessive thirst. D) hypoglycemia. E) polyuria.

hypoglycemia.

The atrioventricular valves permit blood flow A) in opposite directions on the right and left. B) in many directions. C) in both directions. D) in one direction only. E) None of the answers is correct.

in one direction only.

The hormone oxytocin does all of the following except A) peaks at orgasm in both sexes. B) is responsible for milk expression from the mammary glands. C) is responsive to osmoreceptors. D) rises during sexual arousal. E) promotes uterine contractions.

is responsive to osmoreceptors.

The two lobes of the thyroid gland are connected by the A) follicle. B) infundibulum. C) gap junctions. D) eminence. E) isthmus.

isthmus.

The zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex produces A) androgens. B) epinephrine. C) norepinephrine. D) mineralocorticoids. E) glucocorticoids.

mineralocorticoids.

The zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex produces A) androgens. B) norepinephrine. C) glucocorticoids. D) mineralocorticoids. E) epinephrine.

mineralocorticoids.