Exam 1 Units 1 & 2

which of the following is an example of an empirical question that could be test using systematic observation? A. are humans inherently good or bad? B. do native English speaking Canadians take longer to learn Chinese or to learn Spanish? C. what is the meaning of life? D. is Japanese a prettier language than German?

B. do native English speaking Canadians take longer to learn Chinese or to learn Spanish?

Working memory capacity is related to: A. All are correct B. better reading comprehension C. better reasoning skills D. better attentional control

A. all are correct

The ___ perspective rejected Psychology's early emphasis on the internal workings of the mind, focusing instead on objective measures A. behavioral B. gestalt C. psychodynamic D. cognitive

A. behavioral

Having more knowledge about a subject A. helps your ability to learn new related information B. increases your working memory in other subjects C. can inhibit you from learning other information

A. helps your ability to learn new related information

The purpose of ethical guidelines in psychological research is to: A. protect the rights of human and animal subjects B. improve the chances of getting significant results C. make sure that the results can be repeated elsewhere D. develop more efficient laboratory procedures

A. protect the rights of human and animal subjects

Science is described as a cumulative process. this means that: A. science builds on prior discoveries B. science is always changing and prior work is not replicated

A. science builds on prior discoveries

which of the following contributed most to the development of applied psychology and psychology as a profession? A. the demand for mental health needs of military personnel and veterans returning home after WW II B. the increase in public awareness of the symptoms of psychological disorders C. the advent of high-speed computers D. the increase in the number of people earning advanced degrees in psychology

A. the demand for mental health needs of military personnel and veterans returning home after WW II

Transfer-appropriate processing is likely to occur if: A. the type of encoding matches the type of retrieval task B. there is elaborate processing during encoding of the material C. the student generates his own retrieval cues

A. the type of encoding matches the type of retrieval

Though many believe that Wihelm Wundt was the one who chose the term structuralism to refer to his approach to psychology, it was actually his student ____. this noted psychologist brought wundts teachings to America and emphasized the study of the general adult mind. A. tichener B. James C. throndike D. skinner

A. titchener

This module argues that forgetting may be an important part of learning. which is a good example of this argument? A. In order to learn more information we must be able to forget information that is incorrect B. both examples are correct C. our minds would become cluttered with irrelevant information

B. Both examples are correct

Why is Wilhelm Wundt often credited as being responsible for the initial development of modern psychology? A. he founded and was elected the first president of the American psychological association B. he promoted the idea that psychology could be studied scientifically and provided classes, textbooks, and a laboratory for training students C. he was the first to travel outside of his own country to "rally" other psychologists to the cause of working together to establish a new scientific discipline D. he was the first to suggest that there might be physical causes to psychological disorders, shifting the field away from its previous roots in demonology

B. He promoted the idea that psychology could be studied scientifically and provided classes, textbooks, and a laboratory for training students

which of the following psychologists documented the harmful effects of prejudice and directly influenced the supreme courts landmark 1954 ruling against racial segregation in schools, Brown v. Board of education A. Evelyn hooker B. Kenneth and mamie Phipps clark C. Mary calkin D. Lightner witmer

B. Kenneth and mamie Phipps clark

the hypothesis in a research study is defined as the: A. outcome of the statistical results B. idea or prediction that can be tested C. manipulation that is administered D. questions that are asked of the subjects

B. idea or prediction that can be tested

Remembering information about a stimulus in addition to what you intended to remember (such as position on a paper) is called: A. transfer-appropriate learning B. incidental learning C. repetitive learning D. intentional learning

B. incidental learning

who was the German physiologist whose early worked involved measuring the speed of neural impulses and exploring the physiology of hearing? A. Gustav fechner B. Thomas reid C. Herman Von Helmholtz D. ernst weber

C. Herman Von Helmholtz

The term that refers to the mental processes involved in acquiring knowledge is: A. introspection B. pedagogy C. cognition D. empiricism

C. cognition

Empricism means that knowledge should be acquired through: A. Common sense B. logical reasoning C. direct observation and experience D. historical tradition

C. direct observation and experience

Early psychology studied the mind by asking people to describe what they were experiencing when exposed to various stimuli. this procedure was known as: A. behaviorism B. operationalization C. introspection D. humanism

C. introspection

of the following examples, which is the best way to encode material that you want to learn? A. reading a word multiple times B. highlighting text, so that you will be able to reread it later when you study C. reading a word and thinking about how it relates to you D. reading a word and determine how many vowels it has D. reading a word and determining how many vowels it has

C. reading a word and thinking about how it relates to you

The individual plays an important role in memory acquisition. which of the following is lEAST likely to have an effect on memory? A. prior knowledge B. the learning strategy that was used C. the amount of money that you are reimbursed for learning the materials D. the situation in which you learn the material

C. the amount of money that you are reimbursed for learning the materials

Memory performance is enhanced if the type of task at encoding matches the type of task at retrieval. This is called A. metacognition B. elaborate rehearsal C. transfer-appropriate processing D. spacing effect

C. transfer-appropriate processing

which of the following strategies will produce the most learning? Determining if: A. a word rhymes with "nevermore" B. the word is printed in capital letters C. a word has more than two syllables D. a word is a noun or a verb

D. a word is a noun or a verb

Tavon wants to better resolve conflicts with his college roommate. when he asks for help, he will probably be referred to a: A. developmental psychologist B. clinical psychologist C. social psychologist D. counseling psychologist

D. counseling psychologist

Dr. clark is interested in the ways girls and boys differ in their understanding of moral behavior as they age. her research focuses is mostly likely on the subfield of psychology A. clinical B. behavioral C. neuroscience D. developmental

D. developmental

Looking for the best ways to help monitor and control their blood pressure through behavioral changes would be the concern of psychologists within which subfield? A. Clinical B. developmental C. behavioral D. health

D. health

personal experience is associated with ____, whereas, scientific method is associated with ____ A. fact ; opinion B. opinion; trial and error C. trail and error; opinion D. opinion; fact

D. opinion; fact

what is one reason why scientific psychologists follow a specific set of guidelines to help them make decisions when doing research? A. to certify researchers professional credentials as a researcher in the field of psychology B. to ensure that the topics of study are objective and in no way relate to researchers own values C. to help researchers publish research findings that are of interest to the public D. to ensure they protect research participants from potential harm

D. to ensure they protect research participants from potential harm