Exam 2

The periodic fluctuations in production, consumption, and trade that affect world economic conditions are referred to by economists as

business cycles

Across Latin America, the period from 1830 to 1860 was the age of the

caudillos

Which of the following was typically one of the three principle goals imperial governors had regarding colonial rule?

colonial self-support

The initial immigrants to Australia were primarily

condemned criminals

Why were more English workers available, despite the negatives of factory work, after 1750?

consolidation of agricultural land ownership

What style of government did José de San Mart'n advocate?

constitutional monarchy

American patriotism in the 1770s was slowly growing stronger, especially among the

creoles

The Declaration of Sentiments demanded what social change?

female enfranchisement

MC Which one of the following technologies was part of the Second Industrial Revolution?

production of steel

What spelled the end of the biological old regime?

the energy stored in fossil fuels

In what way was World War I different from any earlier war?

the entire societies mobilized to fight the war

MA (Multiple Answer, Check all that Apply): Which three of the following purposes did capitalist plantation and commercial agriculture in the late 19th century fulfill?

-food staples like wheat, rice, and meat -industrial crops like palm oil and rubber -luxury crops like heirloom fruits and vegetables

MC Which of the following revolutions included a Bill of Rights in which its representative body asserted "their ancient rights and liberties" thus affirming a continuity between medieval and modern political thinking?

English

MC Which of the following revolutions was a "social revolution" completely overturning the pre-existing social and political order?

French

MC Which of the following revolutions proclaimed the freedom of all people (including enslaved people) becoming the most revolutionary of all 18th- and early 19th-century revolutions?

Haitian

Which of Britain's colonies contributed the largest number of troops to the Allied cause?

India

What effect did British textile production have on India in the nineteenth century?

India shifted from textile manufacturing to growing raw fiber.

Why did the British crown not want the American colonists settling lands west of the Appalachian mountain crest?

It feared colonists might divert fur trade from licensed British companies.

Why did Britain need to import more food in the late nineteenth century?

More than half of England's population worked in industry.

MC: Where is the global price for Ethiopian coffee most likely to be determined?

New York, home of the largest stock exchange in the world

What action convinced the Japanese elite to open several ports to trade with the United States?

Perry's flotilla arriving in Edo harbor

What dynasty was challenged in the Taiping Rebellion?

Qing

Which Native American group rebelled in 1835 rather than relocate to Oklahoma, and fought an insurgent war against the U.S. for seven years?

Seminole

What new state was recognized by the Great Powers of Europe in response to rising nationalist tensions?

Serbia

Why were India and Brazil able to expand their cotton exports so dramatically in the mid-nineteenth century?

The American Civil War

What role in the British industrial revolution did Britain's American colonies play?

The colonies provided additional food and fiber that Britain could not provide itself.

In Haitian plantation society, beneath whites in order of rank were the free people of African or mixed racial descent known as

affranchis.

The political and social profiles of Austria-Hungary, Russia, and the Ottoman empire were all similar in that

each had diverse ethnolinguistic groups.

Like Germany, the United States seized territories abroad to

enhance national prestige.

What Indian industry suffered deindustrialization in the mid-nineteenth century as a result of British imperial policies?

fine weaving

Which of the following was a method used by plantation owners in tropical America to satisfy their labor needs during the decline and eventual end of slavery?

hiring contract workers from Asia, often under slave-like conditions

On the European continent, where did steam-powered industry mainly develop?

in coal and iron-rich regions

Strong countries used inequitable tariffs, large bank loans, and displays of naval power to build what historians have labeled ________ empires.

informal

The tensions among the social classes in Saint Domingue in the late eighteenth century were directly related to

its prominent position in world trade.

The "industrious revolutions" resulted in ________ in order to satisfy desires for a wider selection of consumer goods.

laborers working longer hours

One of the strategic aims of France's invasion of Egypt was to

offset the loss of Canadian grain with grain from Egypt.

One glaring inequity between "have" and "have-not" societies in the industrializing world of the nineteenth century was

social equality

Fighting on the Western Front was characterized by

static warfare with entrenched infantry.

The French National Assembly:

temporarily abolished slavery.

What was the second bloodiest internal conflict of the middle-nineteenth-century wars?

the American Civil War

What Pacific island people in New Zealand suffered extreme population loss after exposure to unfamiliar infectious diseases?

the Maori

Which state among the Muslim states launched the most ambitious modernizing experiment?

the Ottoman Empire

What conflict has been characterized by some historians as the eighteenth century's "world war"?

the Seven Years' War

What location was the largest frontier of permanent European migration in 1800?

the US

With the principal actors in World War I primarily in Europe, why didn't the conflict remain confined to Europe?

the colonies and vital commercial interests European nations held around the world

How did African slave laborers help spur industrialization in the United States?

the cotton fiber supplied by slave labor

Where in Britain did the transformation to new and almost unimaginably large industries first take place?

the midlands and north of England

During the biological old regime, economic production depended almost entirely on energy captured from

the sun

Why did European states invent moral justifications for violently seizing other peoples' land?

their view of themselves as modern and civilized

In October 1789, a small army of ________ marched on the Palace of Versailles and compelled the king to move his court into the city.

working-class women