exam 2 bio anthropology

What is one reason why primates develop more slowly compared to other mammals?

Primates have long life spans.

Orangutan adults have a very active locomotion pattern and they frequently brachiate.

false

Primitive traits are more recent and derived traits are more ancient.

false

Relative dating methods are primarily based on measurement not observation.

false

Sexual dimorphism refers to the different mating patterns in various species.

false

Sexual selection does not seem to be an important factor in the evolution of sexual dimorphism.

false

The Paleocene, Eocene, and Oligocene are all epochs of the Mesozoic.

false

The main reason for the worldwide depletion of nonhuman primates is the capture for export or local trade of these species.

false

Animal or human remains that are buried in soil will absorb ____ over time.

fluorine

Dominance hierarchies are uncommon among folivores because

leaves tend to be evenly distributed.

The most primitive primates are the

lemurs and lorises

Large-sized primates, like gorillas, have a ____ metabolic rate compared to smaller primates.

lower

Some male primates indirectly enhance their reproductive success by

performing infanticide

Taphonomy is the study of

organisms after death.

The majority of fossilized materials are

plants

Clades are based on ____ and grades are based on ____.

relatedness; physical similarity

The two main categories of fossil dating techniques are

relative and chronometric.

Mary Anning located and excavated skeletal remains of

reptiles

Non-primates have fewer digits (i.e. fingers and toes) compared to primates in order to

run faster

Pair-bonded, monogamous primates, like gibbons, tend to exhibit

sexual monomorphism

Large vervet monkey groups have ___ compared to other smaller groups.

shorter interbirth intervals

Charles Lyell argued that the Earth's geology was formed by

slow moving forces.

Primates with a better sense of smell usually have poorer vision, which is an example of an evolutionary trade-off.

true

Research takes patience and time; it took 18 months of observation before a small group of chimps at Gombe allowed Jane Goodall to approach them.

true

Tarsiers are more closely related to humans than they are to lemurs.

true

The fact that red panda existed in the Miocene in the Appalachian Mountains but today are only found in Asia is evidence that our continents were part of a supercontinent.

true

most primates are omnivores

true

The genus and species designation for the "common" chimpanzee is

Pan troglodytes

Horses hooves are a good example of a generalized trait.

false

Humans and New World monkeys both have a 2.1.2.3 dental formula.

false

Only unstable isotopes can be used in reconstructing past environments.

false

The Earth is roughly ____ years old.

4.6 billion

Which of the following is the dental formula of humans?

2:1:2:3

Humans and chimpanzees share over ____ % of their DNA in common.

98

In the Hollywood film "Outbreak," capuchin monkeys in Zaire (now the Democratic Republic of Congo) in Africa are host to a deadly virus that spreads to humans risking a pandemic. What is wrong with this story line?

Capuchin monkeys are platyrrhines and therefore only found in the Americas.

Monkeys are divided into two major groups:

New and Old World species.

The radiocarbon dating method involves measuring the amount of Carbon 14 that has converted to

Nitrogen 14.

What is a primate?

a diverse group of placental mammals

Traditionally, primate characteristics have been explained as the result of adaptation to ________ environments.

arboreal

In order for fossilization to occur, the organism must be protected from all of the following EXCEPT

arid environments.

Species extinction risks are categorized based on the size of the species population and the:

available habitat

The best way that most primates avoid predation is by

avoiding detection by predators

The Laetoli footprints provide valuable information about the ____ of early hominins.

bipedality

Arms that are longer than the legs, and powerful shoulder muscles are traits associated with

brachiation

Which of the following locomotion is associated with having longer arms than legs?

brachiation

The moving of continents on sliding plates on the earth surface is called:

continental drift

Which is NOT an example of an affiliative behavior?

displays

Old World monkeys are able to live in more diverse habitats than apes because they have a

diverse diet

Catarrhines are New World monkeys; Platyrrhines are Old World monkeys.

false

Among the apes, the ________ have the smallest average body sizes.

gibbons and siamangs

One form of communication among primates that serves to reinforce social bonds is

grooming

A "niche" is best defined as

how a species meets its basic needs.

the basic primate social unit

is the mother and infant

Fossils are best defined as

mineralized copies of once-living organisms.

polygynous group involves

multiple females, one male.

Primate maternal behavior is best understood as

socially learned

The Laetoli footprints are considered ____ fossils.

trace

Dendrochronology is used to discover the age of

trees

Many Old World primates have ____ vision that helps them easily find food.

trichromatic

Abundance of food determines between-group interactions, and food distribution determines within-group interactions.

true

An isotopic signature can give us information about a particular geographic region.

true

Hominins are all humans and human ancestors going back 6 to 7 million years ago.

true

Isotopic signatures can be used to identify migration patterns in organisms.

true

James Hutton's theory of Deep Time gave the history of Earth enough time to encompass continental drift, the evolution of species, and the fossilization process.

true

Jane Goodall's study of chimpanzees is the longest study of any wild animal group in the world.

true

Large primate groups are advantageous because they increase the likelihood of early predator detection.

true

Lemurs and lorises are placed in the suborder Strepsirhini.

true

Luminescence dating can be used on sites from less than 100 years to over 100,000 years.

true

One genetic estimate places the origin of primates at approximately 91 million years ago.

true

Potassium-argon (K-Ar) dating can be used on sites from 100 kya to as old as the earth.

true