Exam 2: Chapter 31
Fungi form mutualistic relationships with plants and animals. Which of the following is an example of such a relationship? Fungi help break down plant material in the guts of grazing mammals. Fungi can help increase drought tolerance in plants Endophytes in leaves produce toxins that deter herbivores. Fungi help break down wood in the guts of termites. All of the above
All of the above.
Cup fungi are in the phylum _____. Zygomycota Chytridomycota Ascomycota Chordata Basidiomycota
Ascomycota
Where does meiosis occur in a mushroom?
Basidia
True or false? In most fungi, fertilization is complete after the cells fuse together.
False
Which of the following is a difference between plants and fungi? Fungi are strictly asexual, and plants undergo sexual reproduction. Fungi are heterotrophic, and plants are autotrophic. Fungi have cell walls. Plants produce spores. Plants have diploid and haploid phases, and fungi have only haploid stages.
Fungi are heterotrophic, and plants are autotrophic.
Which of the following events occurs first in the development of a spore into a mature mushroom? A heterokaryotic mycelium forms. Hyphae are produced by mitosis. The mycelium forms. Haploid nuclei fuse to form a diploid nucleus.
Hyphae are produced by mitosis.
Which structure allows the growing mushroom to nourish itself?
Mycelium
Which structure is not directly involved in the reproduction of at least one major group of fungi? Motile spores Basidium Mycelium Asci
Mycelium
Which term describes the fusion of cytoplasm from two individuals? Karyogamy Spore Plasmogamy Heterokaryotic
Plasmogamy
True or false? Most of the cells in a mushroom contain haploid nuclei. True False
True
Fungi obtain nutrients through _____. chemosynthesis endocytosis photosynthesis ingestion absorption
absorption
Most fungi are _____. photoautotrophs decomposers herbivores carnivores chemoautotrophs
decomposers
Karyogamy produces a _____. diploid zygote haploid zygote spores mycelium hypha
diploid zygote
The diploid phase of the life cycle is shortest in which of the following? moss fern angiosperm gymnosperm fungus
fungus
Fungi produce _____ spores. dikaryotic heterokaryotic haploid diploid triploid
haploid
An important example of interaction between fungi and certain other organisms is mycorrhizae, in which the fungal partners _____. sicken herbivores that attempt to feed on plants control soil nematodes cause the decay of cellulose and lignin provide carbohydrates to the plant partner help plants take up nutrients and water
help plants take up nutrients and water
The body of most fungi consists of threadlike _____, which form a network called a _____. hyphae ... chytrid mycelia ... hypha hyphae ... mycelium sporangia ... dikaryon mycelia ... dikaryon
hyphae ... mycelium
Basidia produce spores by a process known as _____. decomposition mitosis meiosis hyphae binary fission
meiosis
From the human perspective, which of the following kinds of fungi would be considered the least useful or beneficial? mycorrhizal fungi rusts truffles decomposers yeasts
rusts
Fungi of the phylum Ascomycota are recognized on the basis of their production of _____ during sexual reproduction. a dikaryotic structure yeasts lichens flagellated zoospores saclike structures
saclike structures
Fungi release digestive enzymes into their _____. surroundings gastrovascular cavity stomach hyphae mycelia
surroundings
Which of these contains two haploid nuclei? the heterokaryotic stage of the fungal life cycle zygote spore-producing structures mycelium hypha
the heterokaryotic stage of the fungal life cycle