Exam 2: Chapter 31

Fungi form mutualistic relationships with plants and animals. Which of the following is an example of such a relationship? Fungi help break down plant material in the guts of grazing mammals. Fungi can help increase drought tolerance in plants Endophytes in leaves produce toxins that deter herbivores. Fungi help break down wood in the guts of termites. All of the above

All of the above.

Cup fungi are in the phylum _____. Zygomycota Chytridomycota Ascomycota Chordata Basidiomycota

Ascomycota

Where does meiosis occur in a mushroom?

Basidia

True or false? In most fungi, fertilization is complete after the cells fuse together.

False

Which of the following is a difference between plants and fungi? Fungi are strictly asexual, and plants undergo sexual reproduction. Fungi are heterotrophic, and plants are autotrophic. Fungi have cell walls. Plants produce spores. Plants have diploid and haploid phases, and fungi have only haploid stages.

Fungi are heterotrophic, and plants are autotrophic.

Which of the following events occurs first in the development of a spore into a mature mushroom? A heterokaryotic mycelium forms. Hyphae are produced by mitosis. The mycelium forms. Haploid nuclei fuse to form a diploid nucleus.

Hyphae are produced by mitosis.

Which structure allows the growing mushroom to nourish itself?

Mycelium

Which structure is not directly involved in the reproduction of at least one major group of fungi? Motile spores Basidium Mycelium Asci

Mycelium

Which term describes the fusion of cytoplasm from two individuals? Karyogamy Spore Plasmogamy Heterokaryotic

Plasmogamy

True or false? Most of the cells in a mushroom contain haploid nuclei. True False

True

Fungi obtain nutrients through _____. chemosynthesis endocytosis photosynthesis ingestion absorption

absorption

Most fungi are _____. photoautotrophs decomposers herbivores carnivores chemoautotrophs

decomposers

Karyogamy produces a _____. diploid zygote haploid zygote spores mycelium hypha

diploid zygote

The diploid phase of the life cycle is shortest in which of the following? moss fern angiosperm gymnosperm fungus

fungus

Fungi produce _____ spores. dikaryotic heterokaryotic haploid diploid triploid

haploid

An important example of interaction between fungi and certain other organisms is mycorrhizae, in which the fungal partners _____. sicken herbivores that attempt to feed on plants control soil nematodes cause the decay of cellulose and lignin provide carbohydrates to the plant partner help plants take up nutrients and water

help plants take up nutrients and water

The body of most fungi consists of threadlike _____, which form a network called a _____. hyphae ... chytrid mycelia ... hypha hyphae ... mycelium sporangia ... dikaryon mycelia ... dikaryon

hyphae ... mycelium

Basidia produce spores by a process known as _____. decomposition mitosis meiosis hyphae binary fission

meiosis

From the human perspective, which of the following kinds of fungi would be considered the least useful or beneficial? mycorrhizal fungi rusts truffles decomposers yeasts

rusts

Fungi of the phylum Ascomycota are recognized on the basis of their production of _____ during sexual reproduction. a dikaryotic structure yeasts lichens flagellated zoospores saclike structures

saclike structures

Fungi release digestive enzymes into their _____. surroundings gastrovascular cavity stomach hyphae mycelia

surroundings

Which of these contains two haploid nuclei? the heterokaryotic stage of the fungal life cycle zygote spore-producing structures mycelium hypha

the heterokaryotic stage of the fungal life cycle