Exam 2 - chapter 5 '

Why are convergent and discriminant validity often evaluated together ?

Researchers have to look at the patterns of correlations for both types of validity.

When using correlation coefficients to evaluate reliability , which of the following is undesirable ?

A negative correlation coefficient

What is the difference between a ratio scale of measurement and an interval scale of measureme ?

A ratio scale of measurement has a zero value that actually means nothings or the absence of something but interval scale does not.

Your friend Alanna says that when examining validity , you always want to see positive correlations . Why is she wrong ?

Both the strength and the direction of a correlation matter when examining validity .

Your friend Alanna says that when examining validity, you always want to see positive correlations. Why is she wrong?

Both the strength and the direction of a correlation matter when examining validity .

Which type of measure operationalizes a variable by recording the answers of a participant using a questionnaire ?

Oself - report measure

What is the term for a researcher's definition of the variable in question at a theoretical level ?

conceptual definition .

A correlation coefficient and a scatterplot both provide which of the following pieces of information ?

the strength and direction of the relationship between two measurements

RESEARCH STUDY 5.1 : Dr. Rodriquez is considering not narcissistic . One of her first tasks is to determine which of her Donal scale . Question 1 reads , " I tend not to think about other people as much conducting a study examining whether narcissistic people have poorer romantic relationships than those who are participants are narcissistic and which are not . She decides to use the scale created by a colleague , the as I think about myself . " Question 2 reads , " I do not have a high opinion of myself . " Question 3 reads , " I think other people think I am really special . " Before using the measure in her study . Dr. Rodriquez She sees that participants who agree with Question 1 also agree with analyzes the data she gets from her students . She looks at the relationship between each of the Question 3 and disagree with Question 2. This is a test of which of the following ? individual questions .

Test - retest reliability

RESEARCH STUDY 5.1 : Dr. Rodriquez is considering conducting a study examining whether narcissistic people have poorer romantic relationships than those who are not narcissistic . One of her first tasks is to determine which of her participants are narcissistic and which are not . She decides to use the scale created by a colleague , the Donal scale . Question 1 reads . " I tend not to think about other people as much as I think about myself . " Question 2 reads , " I do not have a high opinion of myself . " Question 3 reads , " I think other people think I am really special " Dr. Rodriquez calculates a correlation coefficient ( r ) to examine the relationship between Question 1 and correlation coefficient of r = -0.73 between Questions 1 and 2 and a correlation coefficient of r - 0.74 between Questions 1 and 3. Which of the following is true of her Question 2 and between Question 1 and Question 3. She finds a findings ?

There appears to be good internal reliability in the scale

What does it mean that " reliability is necessary but not sufficient for validity " ?

If a measure is valid , it is also reliable .

In interrogating the construct validity of a measure , which question should a researcher ask ?

Is there enough evidence that this measure is valid ?

Which of the following is true of operational definitions ?

The specification of operational definitions is one of the creative aspects of the research process .

RESEARCH STUDY 5.2 : Dr. Sheffield is a clinical psychologist who specializes in treating pathological gambling . Pathological gambling is defined as being unable to resist impulses to gamble . Bothered by not having a good measure that he can give to clients to determine whether they are suffering from this condition , he creates a new measure of pathological gambling . The measure has 15 questions , and it takes 20 minutes to complete . Dr. Sheffield gives his measure to his supervisor , who is also an expert in pathological gambling . His supervisor says that his measure appears to test all the components of pathological gambling , including feeling restless when attempting to stop gambling , jeopardizing jobs in order to keep gambling , and using gambling to escape from problems and a bad mood . Given this information , Dr. Sheffield's measure has evidence of which of the following ?

content validity

RESEARCH STUDY 5.1 : Dr. Rodriquez is considering not narcissistic . One of her first tasks is to determine which of her Donal scale . Question 1 reads , " I tend not to think about other people as much conducting a study examining whether narcissistic people have poorer romantic relationships than those who are participants are narcissistic and which are not . She decides to use the scale created by a colleague , the as I think about myself . " Question 2 reads , " I do not have a high opinion of myself . " Question 3 reads , " I think other people think I am really special " Dr. Rodriquez decides to test the internal reliability of her measure . Which of the following results demonstrates good internal reliability ? -

A= 0.95

Todd is studying the effect of popularity on academic success for his research methods project . He decides to measure popularity by asking each elementary school student to tell him how many friends he or she has . He assumes that more friends means the student is more popular . Which of the following best describes this variable ?

O a ratio scale of measurement

Felipe plans to watch how students treat other children in their classrooms who have attention - deficit / hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD )He will evaluate how positively or negatively the children are treated by their classmates . This is an example of what type of measurement ? For his research methods class ,

O observational measurement

An educational psychologist is testing the discriminant validity of a new measure of numerical learning difficulties . He gives his measure to a group of students along with another measure of verbal learning difficulties , which he predicts should not be strongly related to numerical learning difficulties . Which of the following correlations would the psychologist hope to find in order to establish discriminant validity ?

r = −0.18

RESEARCH STUDY 5.1 : Dr. Rodriquez is considering conducting a study examining whether narcissistic people have poorer romantic relationships than those who are not narcissistic . One of her first tasks is to determine which of her participants are narcissistic and which are not . She decides to use the scale created by a colleague , the Donal scale . Question 1 reads , " I tend not to think about other people as much as I think about myself . " Question 2 reads , " I do not have a high opinion of myself . " Question 3 reads , " I think other people think I am really special . " Dr. Rodriquez is concerned whether the measure will really measure narcissism or if it will measure some other related concept . She is concerned about the scale's

validity

RESEARCH STUDY 5.1 : Dr. Rodriquez is considering not narcissistic . One of her first tasks is to determine which of her participants are narcissistic conducting a study examining whether narcissistic people have poorer romantic relationships than those who are and which are not . She decides to use the scale created by a colleague , the Donal scale . Question 1 reads , " I tend not to think about other people as much as I think about myself . " Question 2 reads , " I do not have a high opinion of myself . " Question 3 reads , " I think other people think I am really special . " Dr. Rodriquez is concerned about the validity of the her psychology department to look at , and they all tell measure of narcissism recommended by her colleague . She sends a copy her it looks like it will measure narcissism . She now has evidence of which of the following ? of the measure to the faculty members in

Face validity

RESEARCH STUDY 5.2 : Dr. Sheffield is a clinical psychologist who specializes in treating pathological gambling . Pathological gambling is defined as being unable to resist impulses to gamble . Bothered by not having a good measure that he can give to clients to determine whether they are suffering from this condition , he creates a new measure of pathological gambling . The measure has 15 questions , and it takes 20 minutes to complete . To test his measure , Dr. Sheffield gives his measure to a group of people in Gamblers Anonymous ( GA ) and another group of people in Alcoholics Anonymous ( AA ) . He finds that people in the GA group have higher scores on his new measure than people in the AA group . This procedure is known as a

Oknown - groups paradigm

RESEARCH STUDY 5.2 : Dr. Sheffield is a clinical psychologist who specializes in treating pathological gambling . Pathological gambling is defined as being unable to resist impulses to gamble . Bothered by not having a good measure that he can give to clients to determine whether they are suffering from this condition , he creates a new measure of pathological gambling . The measure has 15 questions , and it takes 20 minutes to complete . Dr. Sheffield decides to test the criterion validity of his measure . Dr. Sheffield gives his measure to a group of people that includes suspected problem gamblers and non gamblers . Which of the following options below could he also do to get evidence for criterion validity ?

correlate the measure with a behavior , such as amount of money lost in a casino during the past year

If a measurement looks like it is a plausible operationalization of a conceptual variable , then it has

face validity