Exam 2- Chapters 6-8

how many vertebrae are in each region: cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacrum?

7; 12; 5; (5 fused to form)1 sacrum

the anatomical term for a depression found in a bone is:

a fossa

bones are held together by ligaments called interosseous membranes in:

a syndesmosis

a knob or enlargement on a bone is:

a tubercle or tuberosity

new chondrocytes and new matrix are added on the outside of the tissue in ___ growth of cartilage.

appositional

deposition of new bone lamellae onto existing bone or connective tissue:

bone growth

the primary mineral in bone is:

calcium

the humerus articulates with the radius at the:

capitulum

chondroblasts produce

cartilage matrix

the shaft of the bone is known as the:

diaphysis

the trochlea is located ____ on the humerus

distaly

the site of growth in length is the:

epiphyseal plate

the bone that articulates with the acetabulum is the:

femur

a joint that has no joint cavity and exhibits little or no movement would be classified as a:

fibrous joint

the lateral malleolus is part of the:

fibula

the dens or odontoid process is on the:

first cervical vertebrae

the spaces between developing skull bones that have not ossified are called:

fontanels

proteoglycan molecules in the matrix of cartilage:

give cartilage its resilient nature

a protrusion of the nucleus pulposus causes a:

herniated disc

the deltoid tuberosity is found on the:

humerus#

the largest most superior coxal bone is the:

ilium

parathyroid hormone:

is secreted by the parathyroid glands causes an increase in the breakdown of bone increases levels of blood calcium in body indirectly stimulates osteoclast activity

what is an exaggerated thoracic curvature of the vertebral spine?

kyphosis

mature bone in sheets where fibers are oriented in one direction in each layer but in different direction in different layers for strength is called:

lamaellar bone

moving the mandible to the side is an example of:

lateral excursion

increased concavity of the lumbar vertebrae is called:

lordosis

plantar flexion and dorsiflexion are:

opposites

when blood calcium levels are too low ___ activity increases to ensure calcium homeostasis

osteoclast

if blood calcium levels are too high____ activity decreases, while ____ activity increases

osteoclast, osteoblast*

what type of bone cells lie in lacunae?

osteocytes

the outer surface of bone is covered by a connective tissue layer called the:

periosteum

standing on your toes is an example of:

plantar flexion

rotating the forearm so that the palm faces posteriorly is called:

pronation# (rotation*)

what movements are possible at the hip or coxal joint?

rotation, flexion, adduction, circumduction

what is an example of a set of fused bones in an adult?

sacral bone#

the joint uniting the parietal and temporal bones is the:

squamous suture

you turn the doorknob clockwise with your right hand. what movement does your hand make?

supination #

the functions of the skeletal system are:

support and protection movement and leverage blood cell production storage of minerals

fibrous joints between the bones of the skull are called:

sutures*

the junction of two pubic bones is the:

symphysis pubis

a band of connective tissue that attached a muscle to a bone

tendon

the heel of the foot is what bone?

the calcaneous

the acromion process articulates with what bone?

the clavicle

what section of the vertebral column curves posteriorly?

thoracic

the sagittal suture is between:

two parietal bones

the opening in the vertebrae for the spinal cord is the:

vertebral foramen