Exam 2 - Human Growth

According to Carol Dweck, which of the following statements represents the LEAST effective way to praise a child:

"You are very, very smart child."

The major difference between the terms self-concept and self-esteem is that self-esteem includes which of the following?

A sense of how good (or bad) you are.

Which of the following is NOT one of the major sex hormones?

Acetylcholine.

The name of the eating disorder in which the primary symptom is that the person is obsessed by thoughts of an unattainable image of "perfect" thinness is:

Anorexia Nervosa.

Maria has a feeling of uneasiness, but doesn't know the source of her apprehension. Which of the following terms best describes Maria's state?

Anxiety.

Nick is a typical teenage boy. When asked what changes he would like to make in his body, he is most likely to comment that he would like to:

Be taller and more muscular.

According to research presented in the test, mothers are more likely to hold infants for _________, whereas fathers are more likely to hold infants for ________.

Care-taking; play.

If a 5 year old girl watches an adult pour juice from a tall, thin glass into a short, wide glass, and then she is asked "Which glass has more juice?" she would typically:

Conclude that either the short, wide glass has more juice or that the tall, thin glass has more juice.

To conclude that the period of emerging adulthood is "age-segregated" means that:

Emerging adults interact mostly with members of their own age group.

The ability to understand how another person is feeling and what another person is thinking is the core concept involved in:

Empathy.

If a family does not have a set of shared goals, which of the following is likely to result?

Every decision must be negotiated.

Sexually experienced male adolescents and sexually experienced female adolescents are both likely to have higher self-esteem than their less experienced counterparts.

False.

Stan has become critical of his parents as he contrasts his ideal parents with the real parents he sees on a daily basis. His ability to understand contrary-to-fact situations is a characteristic that emerges during which of Piaget's periods of cognitive development?

Formal operational thought.

The process by which one incorporates the moral standards and values of one's society into one's self-concept or understanding is called:

Internalization.

A child who climbs to the top of a staircase for the challenge and fun go the activity has what type of motivation?

Intrinsic.

Which of the following terms best describes the onset of menstrual cycles in females?

Menarche.

Based on research cited in the text, you would expect that 5 year old Robby is most likely to fear:

Monsters.

Dean realizes that rules are agreements that may be changed if necessary. He is which of Piaget's stages of moral reasoning?

Moral Relativism

Suppose you conducted a study of pairs of identical twins, one of whom was diagnosed with ADHD. Now you examine whether or not the other twins in each pair also have ADHD, In comparison to pairs of unrelated children, you would expect that the other twin in your study would be __________ likely to also be diagnosed with ADHD.

More.

Dr. Jacobs is describing a process by which neurons become insulated so that they can conduct neural impulses more efficiently. The process he is describing would be called:

Myelination.

Dr. Barker observes children and rates them on a scale according to how frustrated they get when they cannot get what they want at how they react when they are overstimulated by too much activity in their environment, and how easily they are comforted by their parent when they are upset. The scale that Dr. Baker is using would best be considered a measure of which of Mary Rothbartâ's basic dimensions of temperament?

Negative Affectivity

According to Freud, the first year of life is centered mostly on how the child's ________ needs are satisfied.

Oral.

Mike and Molly are playing together. Their play involves each playing alone, without interacting with each other, but both children are in the same room, using toys from the same toy box. This type go play would best be described as:

Parallel play

The social and cultural aspects of language use are referred to by the term:

Pragmatics.

Changes in which part of the brain are most closely associated with the advancement in problem-solving abilities that accompanies the development from childhood into adolescence?

Prefrontal cortex.

Which of the following is NOT a secondary sex characteristic?

Production of sperm.

The primary goal of a defense mechanism is to:

Reduce anxiety.

A child who believes that objects and people in their thoughts and dreams are real is displaying what?

Reification

___________ is genetically determined and biological, whereas _________ is culturally based and acquired.

Sex, Gender.

If Maria's parents are concerned that her inability to cope with one of her emotions is disrupting her sense of identity, the emotion that is most likely to be involved would be:

Shame.

Boys who mature early usually experience more adjustment problems than do boys who mature late.

True.

Children who are not allowed to develop a sense of initiative often become passive and in many cases fall behind in school because they assume that they will not be successful there.

True.

Children with learning disorders often have difficulty with social skills as well as with academic skills.

True.

During the brain growth spurt of early childhood, new neural connections are established and unneeded neural connections are pruned away.

True.

Generally speaking, children with indifferent parents typically experience worse outcomes than do children with parents that adopt other parenting styles.

True.

Physical pain associated with rapid growth is both common and normal in middle childhood and adolescence.

True.

According to Erik Erikson, which of the following is the first critical developmental issue that is resolved in the first year of life?

Trust versus mistrust.

Self-regulated behavior is best encouraged when parents:

Use verbal reasoning to discipline the child

Some critics suggest that teachers who provide too much praise create children:

Who do not have realistic sense of their own strengths and weaknesses.

As children move from early childhood into middle childhood, they become ________ likely to share secrets with parents and _______ likely to share secrets with friends.

less; more