Exam 2

Carlos says that he is always thinking about something; his mind is never blank. His statement reflects the ____ of consciousness. a) intentionality b) thought suppression c) unity d) selectivity

a) intentionality

3-year-old Frank is shown a box that expects to be filled with blocks. However, when the box is opened, it is filled with stickers. Which will he MOST likely say when asked about what he thought was in the box before it was opened? a) it was full of stickers b) it was full of blocks c) it was full of candy d) it was not full of anything

a) it was full of stickers

Ramona is part of a small clique that includes both boys and girls. According to the text, Ramona is MOST likely in: a) middle adolescence b) early adulthood c) late adolescence d) early adolescence

a) middle adolescence

Psychophysical methods are advantageous in studying perception because psychophysics: a) offers a reasonably objective way to study perception b) limits investigation to the physical properties of stimuli c) focuses on the different perceptual experiences of different people d) emphasizes the subjective nature of visual perception

a) offers a reasonably objective way to study perception

Adolescents place the greatest emphasis on relationships with a) peers b) parents c) siblings d) nonparental authority figures

a) peers

A person in Kohlberg's ____ stage of moral development would avoid an action because it would result in punishment. a) pre-conventional b) conventional c) autonomous d) post conventional

a) pre-conventional

Albert is missing the long-wavelength. Albert and others with this type of color blindness probably will have trouble perceiving: a) red b) all colors c) blue d) yellow

a) red

Tammy's mother is worried about her daughter's possible sexual activity. If Tammy's mother wants to delay her daughter's sexual activity, she MOST likely should: a) talk to her at a younger age about sexual activity and its consequences b) excuse her from taking the sex ed course at school c) make her take an abstinence-only program d) make her take an abstinence pledge

a) talk to her at a younger age about sexual activity and its consequences

The idea that specialized brain areas represent particular classes of objects is: a) the modular view b) attentional processing c) distributed representation d) neuron response

a) the modular view

Older people may attend to more positive info because: a) they have shorter futures and spend their time thinking about info that serves them well in the moment b) they cannot remember things very well c) thinking about all of the negative things to come is too depressing for them d) their brains have a harder time processing negative info

a) they have shorter futures and spend their time thinking about info that serves them well in the moment

Katarina wants to buy a toy that engages social attentiveness for a friend's baby. Katarina should buy something: a) with a face on it b) that lights up c) that they baby must interact with d) circular

a) with a face on it

Which adolescent is MOST likely to experience negative consequences because of puberty? a) Julian, who matures a little later than his same-sex peers b) Caroline, who matures earlier than her same-sex peers c) Amos,who matures a little earlier than his same-sex peers d) Karen, who matures a little later than her same-sex peers

b) Caroline, who matures earlier than her same-sex peers

Once children understand that human behavior is guided by mental representations, they are said to have acquired: a) joint attention b) a theory of mind c) formal operational ability d) egocentrism

b) a theory of mind

The smallest intensity needed to just barely detect a stimulus is called: a) proportional magnitude b) absolute threshold c) just noticeable difference d) Weber's law

b) absolute threshold

14-month-old Alice becomes very upset when her mother leaves. Once her mother returns, Alice runs to her but squirms when her mother tries to comfort her. this exemplifies the ___ attachment style. a) avoidant b) ambivalent c) secure d) disorganized

b) ambivalent

In Germany, parents try to foster independence. Their children are MORE likely to have a _____ attachment style than an ambivalent attachment style. a) insecure b) avoidant c) ambivalent d) disorganized

b) avoidant

10-month-old Nancy sees her sister playing with a toy house. Her sister then hits her head on the house and cries. When the house is placed in front of Nancy she MOST likely: a) hits her head on the house b) avoids playing with the house that her sister hit her head on c) plays with the house as her sister did before she got hurt d) pushes the house over

b) avoids playing with the house that her sister hit her head on

The ____ includes mental processes not experienced by a person, but that give rise to that person's thoughts, choices, emotions, and behavior. a) dynamic unconscious b) cognitive unconscious c) full conscious d) minimal conscious

b) cognitive unconscious

Light striking the retina, causing a specific pattern of response in the three cone types, leads to our ability to see: a) motion b) colors c) depth d) shadows

b) colors

Which Gestalt grouping principle states that elements moving in the same direction are MOST likely to be grouped together? a) continuity b) common fate c) proximity d) synchrony

b) common fate

At times, Jan acts as if he is certain his mother will respond to him. At other times, he acts as if he is certain she will not respond. Jan MOST likely has a ____ attachment style. a) ambivalent b) disorganized c) secure d) avoidant

b) disorganized

As psychophysicists use the term, "noise" refers to a(n): a) unpleasant sound b) distraction c) loud sound d) complex sound

b) distraction

Which of the following is NOT a basic property of consciousness? a) intentionality b) disunity c) selectivity d) transience

b) disunity

Jess can make a rational argument for her opposition to the death penalty. Jess is MOST likely at the Jean Piaget's ____ stage of cognitive development. a) preoperational b) formal operational c) sensorimotor d) concrete operational

b) formal operational

In which order to infants learn to move their body parts? a) feet to head, periphery to center b) head to feet, center to periphery c) head to feet, periphery to center d) feet to head, center to periphery

b) head to feet, center to periphery

Sometimes, eyewitnesses to a crime fail to notice the perpetrator's face because they are paying attention to the perpetrator's weapon. This "weapon focus effect" is an example of: a) change blindness b) inattention blindness c) binocular disparity d) an illusory conjunction

b) inattention blindness

In an intro drawing class, Amber's instructor suggests that an illusion of depth may be created in a two-dimensional picture by including parallel lines that converge at a vanishing point. Amber's instructor is referring to a monocular depth cue known as: a) relative size b) linear perspective c) relative height d) interposition

b) linear perspective

Javier is watching snowflakes drift downward outside his window. Neurons in the ___ area of his brain are MOST likely very active. a) anterior parietal b) middle temporal c) posterior parietal d) lower occipital

b) middle temporal

Which statement BEST captures the moral intuitionist view of the relationship between emotions and morals? a) there is little if any relationship between emotions and morals b) morals are based on emotions c) emotions are based on morals d) morals are just another name for emotions

b) morals are based on emotions

Pablo is standing on the beach and the sea is choppy. He observes the crests of distant waves appear not only smaller, but also higher in his field of vision than do the crests of waves nearer the beach. This example illustrates the monocular depth cues of: a) linear perspective and interposition b) relative size and relative height c) linear perspective and relative height d) relative size and interposition

b) relative size and relative height

Object permanence is to conservation as Jean Piaget's ____ stage is to his ___ stage. a) sensorimotor; preoperational b) sensorimotor; concrete operational c) preoperational; sensorimotor d) concrete operational; sensorimotor

b) sensorimotor; concrete operational

Perception is the process by which: a) nerve cells respond to specific features of a stimulus b) sensory input is selected, organized, and interpreted c) stimulus energies are transformed into neural activity d) the stimulation of a sense organ is detected

b) sensory input is selected, organized, and interpreted

Vasinda can easily read signs that are distant, but words on a page appear blurred to her. Vasinda may have: a) longer-than-normal eyeballs b) shorter-than-normal eyeballs c) smaller-than-normal feature detectors d) larger-than-normal feature detector

b) shorter-than-normal eyeballs

When infants in a new situation examine their mother's face for cues about what to do, they are demonstrating an ability known as: a) joint attention b) social referencing c) imitation d) all of the above

b) social referencing

Sensation involves _______, whereas perception involves ______. a) organization; coordination b) stimulation; interpretation c) identification; translation d) comprehension; information

b) stimulation; interpretation

The black floor tiles along the back of the Ames room appear smaller and closer together than those immediately in front of the viewer. This illustrates the depth cue of _____.

texture gradient

AN area known as ____ in the _____ lobe is critical for the perception of motion.

MT; temporal

According to the text, the development stage of adulthood begins around age ____ and ends when one dies.

18

Eric is a gay male who has an identical twin brother. According to broad statistical data, there is a ____ percent chance his identical twin brother is also gay.

50

According to the text, phenomenology refers to how things seem to the ___ person.

conscious

Quinton is almost 2. His mother wants to give some of his old toys away to make room for new ones. Quinton is not happy about this idea. When his mother asks him how he thinks other children will feel to get his old toys, Quinton MOST likely says: a) "awful" b) "gratitude" c) "surprised" d) "happy"

a) "awful"

Dr. Breiland examines the relationship between the physical properties of light, such as its amplitude and wavelength, and a person's perception of color. Which term MOST accurately describes Dr. Breiland's field of study??

PSYCHOPHYSICS

Dawn is a newborn. Ellis is 4. Fritz is 9. Girard is 15. Which individual's Piagetian stage is correct? a) Dawn- sensorimotor b) Ellis- concrete operational c) Girard- post operational d) Fritz- formal operational

a) Dawn- sensorimotor

In the visual system, ganglion cells convert the light detected by the retina into electrical impulses, which then travel to the brain. This example illustrates the process of _____.

TRANSDUCTION

A person can detect a single drop of perfume diffused in an area that is the size of a one-bedroom apartment in 50% of trials. This is a(n): a) absolute threshold b) difference threshold c) subliminal threshold d) psychophysical minimum

a) absolute threshold

A visual perception disorder called visual-form ____ involves difficulty in recognizing objects. a) agnosia b) ataxia c) aphasia d) myopia

a) agnosia

Our ability to visually combine details so that we perceive unified objects is explained by: a) feature-integration theory b) illusory conjunction c) synesthesia d) ventral and dorsal streaming

a) feature-integration theory

Aden went to a few parties and drank alcohol once during his teen years. According to the text, he is MOST Likely to: a) grow up to be a normal healthy adult b) become an alcoholic c) have major problems later in life d) find other ways to misbehave

a) grow up to be a normal healthy adult

When a person views two objects that project the same retinal age size, the one that appears more distant will seem larger. This explains many: a) illusions b) cognitions c) hallucinations d) delusions

a) illusions

At about ___ months, babies can pull themselves to a stand. a) 7-13 b) 11-14 c) 6-10 d) 3-5

c) 6-10

Which child is MOST likely to pass the false-belief test? a) a 3 year b) a 5 year old c) a 7 year old d) a 2 year old

c) a 7 year old

In a vision scientific lab, a monkey is viewing a simple visual stimuli on a screen while an electrode records activity from a cell in its brain. On one trial, a bar slanted at a 60-degree angle appears on the screen. The cell begins responding actively. The cell is probably located in: a) secondary visual cortex b) parietal lobe c) area V1 d) the thalamus

c) area V1

The _____ rules describes the tendency for babies to gain control of their body from their head to their feet. a) proximodistal b) medial c) cephalocaudal d) proximocaudal

c) cephalocaudal

Simon watches a flock of birds fly south for the winter. Simon sees the flock as a group based not only on the birds' proximity to each other, but also on the principle of: a) continuity b) closure c) common fate d) integrity

c) common fate

Data suggests that, for most people, the last decades of life are: a) characterized by an increase in negative emotions b) spent attending to the most useful info c) extremely satisfying d) a time during which they begin to interact with a much wider circle of people

c) extremely satisfying

Betty has noticed a decline in her memory and attention. However, she can still keep up with the younger computer programmers in her field. According to the text, Betty may be able to do this because: a) she does brain exercises to keep her programming skills up to par b) her memory and attention do not have an effect on her computer programming skills c) her brain can use other parts to compensate for her decline in mental abilities d) she has just become faster at programming than the younger adults

c) her brain can use other parts to compensate for her decline in mental abilities

Which is the MOST likely impact of fluctuating hormones on an adolescent's mood? a) hormones have a big impact on mood b) hormones have no impact on mood c) hormones have a tiny impact on mood d) hormones have a moderate impact on mood.

c) hormones have a tiny impact on mood

A child who has autism would be MOST likely to be able to: a) make a friend easily b) understand guilt c) learn about quantum physics d) hold a conversation with someone

c) learn about quantum physics

What kind of cues are relative height and linear perspective? a) motion-based b) binocular c) monocular d) template

c) monocular

In the Ames room, the parallel lines formed by the edges of interlocking black tiles seem to converge toward the back of the room. This illustrates the ____ depth cue of _____ . a) monocular; relative height b) binocular; interposition c) monocular; linear perspective d) binocular; disparity

c) monocular; linear perspective

Collectively, the rods and cones are termed: a) retinal cells b) retinal ganglion cells c) photoreceptors d) receptive fields

c) photoreceptors

The world of light outside the body is linked to the vision inside the central nervous system by the: a) cornea b) lens c) retina d) optic nerve

c) retina

Piaget believed that infants construct _____, which are theories about the way the world works. a) assimilations b) accommodations c) schemas d) habituations

c) schemas

The peak years for health, stamina, vigor and prowess are: a) childhood b) the early teens c) the early 20s d) the early 30s

c) the early 20s

Gloria's M-cones are not functional. Gloria is MOST likely to have trouble perceiving the color: a) all colors b) red c) yellow d) blue

c) yellow

According to the text, the human aversion to watching other people suffering rings in early ______.

childhood

Hanna is just beginning a growth spurt. She has NOT menstruated yet, but has begun to grow breasts. Hanna is MOST likely about: a) 17 b) 15 c) 12 d) 10

d) 10

Ali has just finished a growth spurt. His testes, scrotum and penis have enlarged. He now has hair on his face and under his arms. Ali is MOST likely about: a) 10 b) 12 c) 15 d) 17

d) 17

While at the doctor's, Neil notices an infant sitting without support. If Neil were to guess the baby's age, Neil would say it is about ____ months old. a) 2-4 b) 3-6 c) 6-10 d) 5-7

d) 5-7

The capacity for attachment may be innate, but the quality of attachment is influenced by: a) the child's temperament b) the ability of primary caregivers to read the child's emotional state c) the interaction between the child and the primary caregiver d) all of the above

d) all of the above

In which part of the brain is the primary visual cortex, where encoded info is systematically mapped into a representation of the visual scene? a) the thalamus b) the lateral geniculate nucleus c) the fovea d) area V1

d) area V1

Scientific evidence suggests that ____ play(s) a key role in determining a person's sexual orientation. a) personal choices b) parenting styles c) sibling relationships d) biology

d) biology

The ___ unconscious is at work when subliminal and unconscious processes influence thought and behavior. a) minimal b) repressive c) dynamic d) cognitive

d) cognitive

Jason baked cookies. When they came out of the oven, they were soft and squishy. A few days later, the cookies were hard and breakable, but Jason knew they were still the same cookies. Jason's ability to make this judgement is a highlight of the ___ stage of cognitive development. a) preoperational b) formal operational c) sensorimotor d) concrete operational

d) concrete operational

Which is true of marital satisfaction over the life span? a) it increases steadily b) it decreases steadily c) it is remarkably stable d) it shows peaks and valleys, corresponding to the presence and ages children

d) it shows peaks and valleys, corresponding to the presence and ages children

Evidence indicates that American adolescents are a) moodier than children b) victims of raging hormones c) likely to develop drinking problems d) living in a protracted gap between childhood and adulthood

d) living in a protracted gap between childhood and adulthood

Juggling two independent sources of sensory information at one time is called: a) selective attention b) sensory adaptation c) signal detection d) multitasking

d) multitasking

Artie organizes the binders in his office by color. This color-coding exemplifies the Gestalt principle of: a) proximity b) closure c) continuity d) similarity

d) similarity

According to the text, which factor has the biggest influence on the emotional and behavioral problems of puberty? a) athletic ability b) maturity c) culture d) timing

d) timing

What process converts physical signals from the environment into neural signals carried by sensory neurons into the CNS? a) representation b) identification c) propagation d) transduction

d) transduction

Celeste is worried that her baby might be blind because the infant does not mimic faces. The BEST advice to Celeste is to: a) hold a facial expression for a longer period of time, giving the infant enough time to process the facial expression b) try using different types of facial expressions c) make only simple facial expression to the baby because the infant is not sophisticated enough to make intricate facial expressions d) try moving closer to the baby because the level of detail a baby can see a long distance is limited

d) try moving closer to the baby because the level of detail a baby can see a long distance is limited

The false-belief test examines a child's ability to: a) match his or her beliefs to other beliefs b) believe what others tell him or her to believe c) give his or her opinion about what others fail to believe d) understand that other may not see what he or she sees

d) understand that other may not see what he or she sees

Currently, unconscious processes are understood as: a) a concentrated pattern of thought suppression b) a hidden system of memories, instincts, and desires c) a blank slate d) unexperienced mental processes that give rise to thoughts and behaviors

d) unexperienced mental processes that give rise to thoughts and behaviors

Can babies control the movement of their elbows below their fingers? a) yes; this follows the cephalocaudal rule b) no; this breaks the cephalocaudal rule c) no; this breaks the proximodistal rule d) yes; this follows the proximodistal rules

d) yes; this follows the proximodistal rules

The difference between the image of a scene received by the right eye and that received by the left eye can serve as a depth cue termed binocular ________.

disparity

Researchers have found that a subregion in the temporal lobe responds more to fans than to any other category. This statement contradicts a ____ view of object recognition.

distributed representation

Visual acuity refers to the ability to see fine details. Visual acuity thus reflects the operation of photoreceptors called cones, located in the ______.

fovea

According to the text, one reason an aging adult may perform more poorly on a task is because the specific task does not ___ them.

interest

The ___ and concrete operational are the two Piagetian cognitive development stages that occur during childhood.

preoperational

The German scientist Gustav Fechner founded the field of ______.

psychophysics

Ahmad is a strict vegan who is always on alert because restaurants will advertise as vegan but sometimes include beef broth. Often, he is convinced that a dish contains an offending ingredient even when it does not. In signal detection terms, Ahmad has a(n) _____ response bias.

liberal

Consciousness refers to a person's subjective experience of the world and the ____.

mind

Interposition and linear perspective are two _____ cues to depth.

monocular

Callie believes that if she shakes her toy, it will make a noise. She picks up a stuffed animal that her mother gave her, shakes it, but no noise comes out. Callie now revises her old ___ to include that stuffed animals may not make noise.

schema

The property of consciousness that refers to the capacity to include some objects but not others is called _______.

selectivity

Sofia is reading her psychology text. The stimulation of receptors in her retina is called _______.

sensation

Someone who is actively trying to avoid a thought is engaging in _____ suppression.

thought

The ability to see fine details is termed______.

visual acuity

Queenie has difficulty recognizing objects, such as a coffee cup, by sight. However, she has no trouble reaching for and grasping the objects. Queen displays a visual disorder termed:

visual form agnosia

Jane has difficulty remembering the items on her grocery list while she is at the store. She has to look at it several times to remember all of the items on her list. However, when her daughter asks her about what she did last month, Jane can recite everything she did down to the last minute. Jane's ____ memory is declining.

working