Exam 2 Practice Questions

Research on the structure of cliques during high school has suggested that adolescents can fall into any of the following categories, except: A) liaisons. B) isolates. C) clique members. D) clique avoiders.

-Clique avoiders (D)

During the 1920s, the _____ was designed to meet the needs of a diverse and growing population of young people. A) comprehensive high school B) middle school C) vocational school D) parochial school

-Comprehensive high school (A)

All of the following contributed to the rise of age segregation in contemporary society, except: A) tougher child labor laws. B) rise of secondary education. C) decrease in family values. D) increase of extracurricular activities.

-Decrease in family values (C)

Which of the following is considered a shared environmental influence for siblings? A) family socioeconomic status B) differential treatment by parents C) peer relations D) school experiences

-Family socioeconomic status (A)

Max tells his friends that his mother is a "real marshmallow" who does whatever he wants and who never enforces the rules she tries to set. If Max's statement is true, his mother is best characterized as: A) authoritarian. B) nonresponsive. C) indulgent. D) demanding.

-Indulgent (C)

Which of the following is the most likely result of the effects of divorce on a child in the United States? A) Nubia's peers tease her because her father no longer lives in her family's house. B) Jacinta spends more time with her grandfather and therefore engages in more misbehavior. C) Mekwi gets poorer grades and behaves aggressively towards his classmates. D) Njal is happier and does better in school after his mother remarries his stepfather.

-Mekwi gets poorer grades and behaves aggressively towards his classmates (C)

Which of the following is a common finding of recent cyberbullying studies? A) Adolescents who engage in traditional bullying often also engage in cyberbullying. B) Victims of physical or verbal harassment are usually very different from victims of cyberbullying. C) Cyberbullying has become statistically more common than physical and verbal harassment among the adolescent population. D) More than 80 percent of adolescents have engaged in some form of cyberbullying

-Adolescents who engage in traditional bullying often also engage in cyberbullying (A)

Adolescent peer groups fall along two dimensions: _____ and _____. A) peer orientation; crowd orientation B) crowd orientation; clique orientation C) adult orientation; peer orientation D) clique orientation: adult orientation

-Adult orientation; peer orientation (C)

Dawn has always enjoyed school and excelled in her classes. In middle school, she has connected with a group of friends who also enjoy school and her grades have continued to improve. They often spend time studying together. This is an example of: A) selection. B) socialization. C) both selection and socialization. D) None of these are correct.

-Both selection and socialization (C)

According to many well-designed studies that have looked at the psychological consequences of growing up with lesbian or gay parents: A) the quality of the parent-child relationships at home is more contentious than in straight families. B) children and adolescents with lesbian or gay parents are not psychologically different from those with straight parents. C) children and adolescents with lesbian or gay parents differ substantially from those with straight parents in the domains of gender identity and sexual orientation. D) children and adolescents with lesbian or gay parents suffer from more emotional turmoil than children and adolescents with straight parents

-Children and adolescents with lesbian or gay parents are not psychologically different from those with straight parents (B)

Secondary education refers to A) second, third, and fourth grades. B) middle school, junior high school, and high school. C) community college and four-year college. D) graduate school, including medical and dental school.

-Middle school, junior high school, and high school (B)

Taisha was discouraged from taking math classes throughout her high school years. Although she is intelligent, a likely long-term implication of this biased tracking is that Taisha will: A) not pursue a college education. B) miss the opportunity to pursue certain careers for which she may be well qualified. C) attempt to take these classes on her own. D) bring a lawsuit against her school for discrimination.

-Miss the opportunity to pursue certain careers for which she may be well qualified (B)

Jim and Stacey are the parents of two preteen girls. Throughout the girls' childhood, the family has enjoyed fairly harmonious relationships. The likelihood that they will experience serious problems as the girls go through adolescence is: A) highly likely. B) average. C) not likely. D) not easily predicted.

-Not likely (C)

A research technique in which the researcher "infiltrates" a group of individuals in order to study their behavior and relationships is called: A) naturalistic observation. B) a longitudinal approach. C) a demographic approach. D) participant observation.

-Participant observation (D)

Sarah is a popular teenage girl who has just been made captain of the cheerleading squad. She is very socially adept, and notices that Britney, her social rival, is starting to enjoy more attention from their peers than Sarah receives. Jealous, she decides to start a rumor about Britney that she knows will cause many people to stop liking Britney. Sarah's behavior is best described as an example of what? A) reactive aggression B) friendly fire aggression C) relative aggression D) relational aggression

-Relational aggression (D)

In early adolescence, ________ friendships are common, but in late adolescence, ________ friendships begin to occur more. A) same-sex; opposite-sex B) crowd-based; clique-based C) opposite-sex; same-sex D) clique-based; crowd-based

-Same-sex; opposite-sex (A)

Which of the following is most important in influencing adolescents' learning and psychosocial development? A) school climate B) size of the school C) amount of money spent on extracurricular activities D) racial composition of the school

-School climate

The idea that an individual's behavior is influenced by other's expectations for them is a description of a(n) ___ A) parent-child rift. B) self-fulfilling prophecy. C) empty nest syndrome. D) midlife crisis.

-Self-fulfilling prophecy (B)

What is a policy that focuses on policies designed to improve achievement by holding schools and students to a predetermined set of standards measured by achievement tests? A) tracking B) standards-based reform C) zero tolerance D) school vouchers

-Standards-based reform (B)

Comparisons of large and small schools reveal that: A) small schools actually offer more varied curricula. B) students in large schools are more likely to participate in school activities. C) small schools have more material resources. D) students in small schools are more likely to participate in school activities.

-Students in small schools are more likely to participate in school activities (D)

Jacquelynne Eccles describes all of the following changes in school environment when moving from elementary school to middle school or junior high school, except that: A) middle and junior high schools are larger and more impersonal. B) teachers in middle and junior high schools feel more confident in their teaching abilities. C) teachers in middle and junior high schools are less likely to trust their students. D) teachers in middle and junior high schools are more likely to believe that students' abilities are not easily modified through instruction.

-Teachers in middle and junior high schools feel more confident in their teaching abilities (B)

Which of the following is not a finding of social scientists regarding the effects of divorce on adolescents? A) The quality of an adolescent's relationship with important adults in the adolescent's life is more important than the number of parents in the home. B) It is the process of going through a divorce, not the change in family structure, that most affects the adolescent's mental health. C) The adverse consequences of divorce for adolescents are directly linked to living in a single-parent household. D) Some of the differences in the effects of divorce on adolescents are a result of genetic differences among individual adolescents.

-The adverse consequences of divorce for adolescents are directly linked to living in a single-parent household (C)

One potential explanation for the finding that gifted students who are integrated into regular classrooms have more positive academic self-conceptions than those in special classes is: A) the standing-on-the-shoulders-of-giants effect. B) the big-fish-little-pond effect. C) the upward-social-comparison effect. D) the bird-in-the-hand effect.

-The big-fish-little-pond effect

Research has shown that teachers tend to favor high-achieving students by providing extra cues for answers and more positive nonverbal behaviors than for lower-achieving students. Such evidence provides support for the notion that teachers' expectations may contribute to: A) superior performance of lower-achieving students. B) better performance of all students. C) lower performance of all students. D) the self-fulfilling prophecy.

-The self-fulfilling prophecy (D)

According to research, what are the signs that a student will commit an act of lethal violence? A) Depression, frequent absences, and disengagement are the most common signs. B) Isolation and rage are the most important signs. C) Impulsivity and technical know-how are the most common signs. D) The tendency toward lethal violence is almost impossible to detect in adolescents.

-The tendency toward lethal violence is almost impossible to detect in adolescents (D)

According to some commentators, teenagers have become separate from adult society to such an extent that they have established their own society, which undermines parents' authority and emphasizes peer deviance. This society is called: A) the Woodstock generation. B) the dead poet's society. C) the lost boys. D) the youth culture.

-The youth culture (D)

One potential reason that Mallory and Mikey, a brother and sister growing up in the same family, have completely different personalities may be that: A) they have very different family experiences, both through differential treatment by parents and their own perceptions of similar experiences. B) gender differences in perception show that males are less likely than females to notice differential treatment by parents. C) they are not identical twins and so share only half of their genetic material. D) Mallory's athletic abilities lead Mikey to engage in sibling rivalry with her

-They have very different family experiences, both through differential treatment by parents and their own perceptions of similar experiences (A)

The determinants of sociometric popularity are ______, though the determinants of perceived popularity are _____. A) highly variable; things like social skills, friendliness, and sense of humor B) things like social skills, friendliness, and sense of humor; highly variable C) good looks and wealth; athletic ability and school achievement D) athletic ability and school achievement; unknown

-Things like social skills, friendliness, and sense of humor; highly variable (B)

For which of the following decisions would Nozomi, an older adolescent, be most likely to accept her parents' rules? A) what she should wear on her first day of school B) what music she should play at her birthday party C) what time of night she needs to be home by D) how clean and organized her room should be

-What time of night she needs to be home (C)

Which of the following statements about stepfamilies is true? A) Adolescents have an easier time adjusting to a stepfather if they have a poor relationship with their biological father. B) Younger children have an easier time adjusting to stepfamilies than adolescents. C) Adolescents growing up in stepfamilies have fewer problems than adolescents growing up in single-parent families. D) Girls show less difficulty in stepfamilies than boys.

-Younger children have an easier time adjusting to stepfamilies than adolescents (B)