Exam 2 Questions
Which stage of cellular respiration is responsible for producing the most ATP? A. Glycolysis B. Krebs Cycle C. Calvin Cycle D. Oxidative Phosphorylation
D
For the reaction: H2 + Cl2 -> 2 HCl The bond energies are: H-H = 400 kJ/mol Cl2 = 200 kJ/mol H-Cl = 400 kJ/mol What is the delta H? A. 200 kJ/mol B. -200 kJ/mol C. 0 kJ/mol D. -400 kJ/mol
B
Why are reduction reactions called reductions if they result in a gain of electrons? A. In scientific parlance, to reduce means to gain. B. Reductions are so named because the reaction of ferric oxide (Fe2O3) with carbon monoxide (CO) reduces the amount of CO. C. The discovery that rusty metals gained electrons was first predicted using reductive reasoning. In acknowledgment, this class of chemical reactions is called reduction reactions. D. Because initially, people noticed that heating rusty metal with a carbon source (i.e., charcoal) resulted in the material losing weight. While it was later found that the 'rusty metal' gained electrons, the mass of electrons is so small that their gain had virtually no impact on the overall weight.
D
_________ are specialized channels for the transfer of water molecules into and out of the cell. A. None of these B. Water channels C. Carriers D. Aquaporins
D
∆G = RT ln ([X]in / [X]out)∆G = RT ln ([X] / [X]) If Na+ has a concentration of 1M on the inside and 10M on the outside, at a temperature of 300º K, with R = 8 J/M ºK, what is the ∆G A. -240 J B. -2400 J C. 0 J D. -5500 J
D
Disorders of which organelle are often associated with defects in transport from compartment to compartment, resulting in poor sorting of protein components within the cell? A. Peroxisomes B. Lysosomes C. Nucleus D. Golgi Apparatus
D
When a carbohydrate such as glucose is in the presence of oxygen, it has a great deal of _____ energy. A. kinetic B. heat C. work D. potential E. entropy
D
Where are lysosomal enzymes synthesized? (Hint: Use the signaling handout diagram, when you see questions about where things are synthesized.) A. in the cytosol B. in a vesicle C. on the Golgi apparatus D. on the rough endoplasmic reticulum
D
Where is the SRP receptor located in a cell? A. in the membrane of the lysosome B. in the nuclear envelope C. in the membrane of the Golgi apparatus D. in the membrane of the rough endoplasmic reticulum
D
Where would a protein lacking an ER signal sequence be translated? A. Inside the nucleus B. Ribosomes located on the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER) C. On ribosomes located on the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) D. Free ribosomes in the cytosol
D
Which of the following is true about spontaneous chemical reactions? A. The reactions have a positive change in free energy (+ΔG). B. They require ATP to go to completion. C. The reactions are endergonic. D. The reactions are exergonic.
D
Which of these reactions summarizes aerobic cellular respiration? A. 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + energy ➝ C6H12O6 + 6 O2 B. 6 CO2 + 6 O2 ➝ C6H12O6 + 6 H2O C. C6H12O6 + 6 O2 + energy ➝ 6 CO2 + 12 H2O D. C6H12O6 + 6 O2 ➝ 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + energy
D
Which one of the following is moved from one side of a lysosomal membrane to the other by a transport protein in the lysosomal membrane? A. protons B. broken-down macromolecules C. enzymes capable of breaking down macromolecules being delivered from the Golgi apparatus D. protons and broken-down macromolecules
D
Which one of the following represents the REDUCED form of the two major electron carriers? A. NAD+ and FADH2 B. NAD+ and FAD C. NADH and FAD D. NADH and FADH2
D
Put the following events in the CORRECT sequence for a protein that will be secreted from the cell. 1. SRP binds to the growing polypeptide chain and to the ribosome. 2. Translation resumes. 3. SRP binds to its receptor. 4. The signal sequence is cleaved. 5. Protein synthesis begins in the cytosol. 6. Translation pauses.
1. protein synthesis begins in cytosol 2. SRP binds to the growing polypeptide chain and to the ribosome 3. translation pauses 4. SRP binds to its receptor 5. translation resumes 6. the signal sequence is cleaved
A cell with the indicated concentration of K+ and aquaporin proteins only (assume no other types of membrane proteins are present) is placed into fluid with the indicated concentration of K+. What will likely happen and why? A. K+ cannot cross the membrane, but water enters the cell, down its concentration gradient, through the aquaporin. B. Water cannot cross the membrane, but K+ exits the cell, with its concentration gradient, through the aquaporin. C. Both molecules move down their concentration gradients; water enters the cell through the aquaporin, and K+ exits via simple diffusion D. The aquaporin moves both K+ and water into the cell.
A
A lysosomal enzyme works best at a pH of: A. 5. B. 7. C. 8. D. 3.
A
At low temperatures, how does cholesterol influence the fluidity of a membrane and why does it have this influence? (Hint: The book goes into more detail with regards to how cholesterol influences membrane properties.) A. It increases fluidity by preventing tight packing of the phospholipid fatty acid tails. B. It decreases fluidity by preventing phospholipids from flip-flopping between the layers of the bilayer. C. It increases fluidity by allowing phospholipids to rapidly flip-flop between the layers of the bilayer. D.It decreases fluidity by preventing tight packing of the phospholipid fatty acid tails.
A
For the reaction: 2 H2 + O2−> 2 H2O2 H2 + O2-> 2 H2O H-H = 400 kJ/mol O2O2 H-O = 400 kJ/mol What is the ∆H A. -300 kJ/mol B. -400 kJ/mol C. -500 kJ/mol D. -600 kJ/mol
A
Gibbs free energy is defined as: A. the amount of energy available to do work. B. the amount of energy stored in chemical bonds. C. the amount of energy lost as heat. D. the amount of entropy.
A
If a mutation rendered the signal recognition particle nonfunctional, what would be the MOST obvious effect on the cell? A. All proteins normally secreted by the cell would remain in the cytosol. B. Proteins destined for the nucleus would remain in the cytosol. C. No proteins would arrive at their proper destinations within the cell. D. All proteins normally secreted by the cell would remain partially formed and attached to the endoplasmic reticulum. E. Translation would not be completed for most proteins.
A
Imagine that you have two blades of grass. One is from a normal plant, and the other is from a mutant plant that cannot produce vacuoles. How will the structures of these two blades of grass compare? A. The grass blade from the mutant plant will appear limp compared to that from the normal plant. B. The grass blade from the mutant plant will be sturdier compared to that from the normal plant. C. The grass blade from the mutant plant will appear unpigmented compared to that from the normal plant. D. The grass blade from the mutant plant will appear taller than that from the normal plant.
A
Imagine that you walk out of your warm house on a cold winter's day. What is different between the air inside and outside of your house in this scenario? A. The molecules in the warm air of your house are moving faster than those outside. B. The molecules in the warm air inside of your house have less entropy than those outside. C. The molecules in the warm air have more potential energy than those outside. D. The molecules in the cold air outside of your house are moving faster than those inside. E. The molecules in the cold air outside of your house have more kinetic energy than those inside.
A
In the lab, a dialysis tube is filled with a 15% sucrose solution, sealed, and placed in an unlabeled beaker filled with clear liquid. The dialysis tube is made of a semipermeable membrane that allows the free passage of water, but is not permeable to sucrose. After 2 hours, the bag in the beaker decreases in size and becomes flaccid. This observation suggests that initially the solution in the bag was ______ relative to the solution in the beaker. A. hypotonic B. hypertonic C. none of the above D. isotonic
A
Reactions in which there is a negative change in free energy (-ΔG) are: A. spontaneous and exergonic. B. nonspontaneous and endergonic. C. nonspontaneous and exergonic. D. spontaneous and endergonic.
A
The energy in organic molecules is released in a series of steps because: A. more energy can be harvested for cellular use when it occurs in multiple stages. B. less total energy is released in multiple steps than would be released in a single step. C. only a single electron can be moved at a time in a cellular reaction. D. more total energy is released in multiple steps than would be released in a single step. E. it is not possible to release it in a single step.
A
The first law of thermodynamics states that: A. energy cannot be created or destroyed. B. only eukaryotic cells can produce ATP. C. combustion engines are 100% efficient. D. the universe becomes more orderly over time. E. there is an increase in disorder in the universe over time.
A
The second law of thermodynamics states that: A. there is an increase in disorder in the universe over time. B. the universe becomes more orderly over time. C. energy cannot be created or destroyed. D. only eukaryotic cells can produce ATP. E. combustion engines are 100% efficient.
A
What happens to a red blood cell when placed in distilled water? A. wells and bursts open B. remains the same C. none D. shrinks
A
What is the hydrophilic component of cholesterol? A. a hydroxyl group B. single hydrocarbon tail C. a phosphate group and choline group D. a phosphate group
A
What transporters allow hydrophilic molecules to move across cell membranes? A. both channels and carriers B. channels C. carriers D. None of the other answers is correct. Hydrophilic molecules pass directly through membranes by simple diffusion.
A
Where are ribosomes found inside a cell? A. both in the cytosol and attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum B. attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum C. in the cytosol D. attached to the Golgi apparatus
A
Which eukaryotic organelle is associated with the breakdown of macromolecules? A. lysosome B. endoplasmic reticulum C. mitochondria D. the Golgi apparatus
A
Which of the following accurately describes the path traveled by a new protein as it is synthesized and released from the cell? A. Cytosol → ER → Golgi → vesicle → plasma membrane → external environment B. Nucleus → ER → Golgi → vesicle → plasma membrane → external environment C. Nuclear envelope → ER → vesicle → Golgi → plasma membrane → external environment D. Cytosol → Golgi → ER → vesicle → plasma membrane → external environment E. Plasma membrane → ER → vesicle → Golgi → cytosol → external environment
A
Which of the following has the MOST entropy, individual nucleotides or a nucleic acid? A. individual nucleotides B. a nucleic acid C. The entropy of the nucleotides and nucleic acid would be the same. D. It is impossible to determine the entropy of nucleotides or a nucleic acid.
A
Which of the following is NOT a component of the phospholipid shown in the diagram? A. three fatty acids B. phosphate C. choline D. glycerol
A
Which of the following reactions is MOST likely to be exergonic? A. The digestion of protein from food into amino acids B. The formation of cellulose from individual glucose molecules C. The replication of DNA from free nucleotides D. The synthesis of a phospholipid from glycerol and fatty acids
A
Which of the following reactions is MOST likely to be exergonic? A. the digestion of protein from food into amino acids B. the synthesis of a phospholipid from glycerol and fatty acids C. the replication of DNA from free nucleotides D. the formation of cellulose from individual glucose molecules
A
Which of the following reactions would you predict could be coupled to ATP synthesis from ADP + Pi? (Hint: You will need to find the delta G for ATP synthesis in units of kcal/mol, not J/mol. The textbook may help.) A. creatine phosphate + H2O -> creatine + Pi, delta G -10.3 kcal/mol B. glucose 1-phosphate + H2O -> glucose + Pi, delta G -5.0 kcal/mol C. glutamic acid + NH3 -> glutamine, delta G +3.4 kcal/mol D. glucose 6-phosphate + H2O -> glucose + Pi, delta G -3.3 kcal/mol
A
Which of the following statements is a consequence of the second law of thermodynamics? (Hint: The book discusses this aspect of thermodynamics in more detail than the lecture.) A. The amount of useable energy resulting from a reaction will always be less than the total energy available in the starting materials. B. The entropy of the products of a reaction will always be greater than the entropy of the starting materials. C. The energy of the starting materials for a reaction will equal the sum of energies of the products plus energy released as heat and disorder. D. The entropy of the starting materials for a reaction will always be greater than the entropy of the products
A
Why does a phospholipid on the cytoplasmic side of the cell membrane rarely flip to the extracellular side in aqueous environments? A. The polar head group cannot pass through the non-polar interior. B. Cholesterol inhibits phospholipid flipping. By doing so, it buffers membrane fluidity from the effects of temperature. C. The two sides of a lipid bilayer have different functions. Flipping occurs rarely because phospholipids function properly on only the cytoplasmic side of the membrane. D. The cytoplasmic portion of the phospholipid relatively large. Because of its size, it rarely passes through the interior of the membrane, which inhibits flipping.
A
You are studying the transport of a substance into skin cells. You find it only moves into the cells when ATP is present. How is the protein moving through the membrane? A. active transport B. diffusion C. facilitated diffusion D. passive transport
A
Approximately how many ATP does one NADH molecule produce? A. 3 B. 2.5 C. 2 D. 1.5 E. 1
B
If the reaction of ATP -> ADP + Pi (a phosphate group), releases 31 kJ/mol of energy, what most be true about the backwards reaction ADP + Pi -> ATP? A. The reaction releases 31 kJ/mol of energy. B. The reaction absorbs 31 kJ/mol of energy. C. The reaction is spontaneous. D. The reaction can be coupled to unfavorable reactions in order for them to proceed.
B
In cellular respiration, oxygen: A. loses electrons and is an oxidizing agent. B. gains electrons and is an oxidizing agent. C. gains electrons and is a reducing agent. D. loses electrons and is reducing agent.
B
Suppose that three critical amino acids in a specific enzyme's active site are arginine, lysine, and histidine. Which of the following characteristics would you predict the substrate to possess to bind this enzyme's active site? A. hydrophilic, with a positive charge B. hydrophilic, with a negative charge C. hydrophilic, but without a charge D. relatively hydrophobic
B
The process of a vesicle fusing with the plasma membrane and depositing its contents into the cytoplasmic space is referred to as: A. active transport. B. endocytosis. C. exocytosis. D. budding.
B
The synthesis of ATP from ADP and Pi is a(n) _____ reaction with _____ ΔG. A. exergonic; a negative B. endergonic; a positive C. exergonic; a positive D. endergonic; a negative E. reversible; zero
B
What is glycosylation? A. the process of vesicle transport between the cisternae of the Golgi apparatus B. the addition of sugars to lipids or proteins C. the destruction of proteins in the lysosome D. the attachment of an SRP to the signal sequence
B
What would happen to the pH inside a lysome if the proton pump stopped working? A. The pH would stay the same since the organelle is in equilibrium. B. It would change to resemble the pH of the cytoplasm, meaning more basic. C. It would change to resemble the pH of the cytoplasm, meaning more acidic.
B
When cells are initially placed in hypertonic solutions: A. cell volume remains constant. B. cell volume decreases. C. cell volume increases. D. cells dramatically increase in volume and often rupture.
B
When physicians perform organ transplants, they make sure that there is a match between the donor (the person donating the organ) and the recipient (the person receiving the organ). What feature of the cell is being matched? A. Protein channels in the plasma membrane B. Glycyoproteins in the plasma membrane C. Phospholipids in the plasma membrane D. Cholesterol in the plasma membrane E. Proteins pumps in the plasma membrane
B
Which of the following is TRUE about exergonic reactions? (Hint: In chemical reactions, the chemicals that one starts with are called reactants, while the chemicals that are produced are called products.) A. None B. Energy is released from the reactants. C. The products of exergonic reactions have more free energy than the reactants. D. There is a positive ΔG.
B
Which one of the following statements about the formation of a peptide bond is INCORRECT? (Hint, think about how entropy changes in this process.) A. The reaction is anabolic. B. The reaction is spontaneous. C. The reaction has a positive ΔG. D. The reaction is endergonic. E. None of the other answer options is correct.
B
While it is often stated that the phosphate bonds in ATP are "high energy," it takes a relatively low amount of energy to break the bond. What makes the phosphate bonds easy to break? A. Positive charges on amino groups repel each other. B. Negative charges on phosphate groups repel each other. C. High acidity attacks bonds between amino acids. D. High alkalinity attacks bonds between phosphate groups. E. They are close to the destabilizing nitrogenous base adenosine.
B
You have entered a 5K race. As you finish the last 500 yards, your body has converted _____ energy to _____ energy with the loss of _____. A. kinetic; chemical potential; heat B. chemical potential; kinetic; heat C. chemical potential; heat; kinetic energy D. heat; chemical potential; kinetic energy E. heat; kinetic; chemical potential energy
B
As a cat pounces on a mouse, her muscles burn 10 units of chemical potential energy (which the cat previously gained from eating). However, the pounce itself only required 4 units of kinetic energy. In this conversion from potential to kinetic energy, how many units of energy were dissipated as heat? A. 14 B. 4 C. 6 D. 10
C
Based on the signaling diagram, how many signal sequences would a molecule require to end up as a transmembrane protein in the lysosome? A. 1 B. 4 C. 3 D. 2
C
Building a protein by adding amino acids to the polypeptide chain is an example of: A. hydrolysis. B. plasmolysis. C. anabolism. D. catabolism. E. metabolism.
C
How do eukaryotic plant and animal cells differ from one another? A. Animal cells have a plasma membrane and plant cells instead only have a cell wall. B. Animal cells have endoplasmic reticulum and plant cells don't. C. Animal cells do not have chloroplasts and cell walls, and plant cells do. D. Animal cells have mitochondria but not chloroplasts, and plant cells have chloroplasts but not mitochondria.
C
In ________, large molecules are broken down and ATP is produced. A. anabolism B. active transport C. catabolism D. chemiosmosis E. diffusion
C
In response to seasonal changes in temperature, many organisms must alter the composition of their plasma membranes to maintain the proper degree of fluidity. As summer turns to fall and eventually into winter, which of the following would you predict occurs in the plasma membranes of organisms that do not regulate their body temperature? A. An increase in phospholipid fatty acid tail length and an increase in tail saturation. B. A decrease in phospholipid fatty acid tail length and an increase in tail saturation. C. A decrease in phospholipid fatty acid tail length and a decrease in tail saturation. D. An increase in phospholipid fatty acid tail length and a decrease in tail saturation.
C
Reactions in which there is a negative change in free energy (-ΔG) are: A. non-spontaneous and exergonic. B. spontaneous and endergonic. C. spontaneous and exergonic. D. non-spontaneous and endergonic.
C
Synthesis of a protein destined to function in the nucleus occurs: (Hint: use the signalling diagram handout.) A. on the rough endoplasmic reticulum. B. in the Golgi apparatus. C. in the cytosol. D. on the outer leaf of the nuclear envelope.
C
The __________ forms of the electron carriers NAD+/NADH and FAD/FADH2 have high potential energy. A. oxidized B. phosphorylated C. reduced D. carboxylated E. none of the above
C
The chemical bonds of carbohydrates and lipids have high potential energy because: A. they are easy to hydrolyze. B. they are easy to phosphorylate. C. many of these bonds are C-C and C-H bonds D. they are strong oxidizing agents.
C
Transmembrane proteins MUST have: A. a signal sequence. B. a signal-anchor sequence. C. both a signal sequence and a signal-anchor sequence. D. a nuclear localization sequence.
C
What is the main difference between starch and cellulose? (Hint: To exclude one possibility you will need to look carefully at the lecture slides.) A. Cellulose has beta 1-6 glycosidic bonds, while starch has alpha 1-4 glycosidic bonds. B. Starch is a disaccharide while cellulose is a monosaccharide. C. Humans and other animals don't have the necessary enzymes to break down the sugars in cellulose, meaning that they obtain no digestive benefit from them. D. Starch contains additional nucleic acid groups important for eukaryotic signaling, while cellulose does not.
C
What organelle is the primary site of lipid synthesis? A. Ribosomes B. Golgi C. Smooth ER D. Mitochondria
C
What property do enzymes effect? A. The ∆S of a reaction B. The ∆H of a reaction C. The activation energy of a reaction D. The ∆G of a reaction
C
What type of sugar would have the smallest weight? A. Sucrose (a disaccharide) B. Cellulose (a polysaccharide) C. Glucose (a monosaccharide) D. Glycogen (a polysaccharide)
C
Which of the following statements violates the laws of thermodynamics? A. The universe contains a constant amount of energy. B. Endergonic reactions store energy. C. Cells increase the total energy in the universe when they produce ATP. D. The conversion of energy from one form to another is 100% efficient.
C
Which of the following would most dramatically decrease membrane fluidity? A. A decrease in phospholipid fatty acid chain length and an increase in chain saturation. B. A decrease in phospholipid fatty acid chain length and a decrease in saturation. C. An increase in phospholipid fatty acid chain length and an increase in saturation. D. An increase in phospholipid fatty acid chain length and a decrease in saturation.
C
Which stage of aerobic respiration occurs immediately after pyruvate is produced? B. glycolysis C. pyruvate oxidation D. citric acid cycle E. electron transport
C
Why does active transport require ATP? A. An input of energy is needed to maintain the conformation of transport proteins. B. An input of energy is needed to both speed up the rate of facilitated diffusion and maintain the conformation of transport proteins. C. An input of energy is needed to allow the movement of molecules from an area of low concentration to one of higher concentration. D. An input of energy is needed to speed up the rate of facilitated diffusion.
C
A proton pump is needed in the lysosomal membrane because: A. protons are being moved from low to high concentration. B. the interior of the lysosome needs to be acidic. C. protons cannot move across a membrane on their own. D. All of these choices are correct
D
Imagine that you are talking with one of your friends. He states that evolution has actually violated the second law of thermodynamics because complex living organisms are more ordered than the nucleic acids, amino acids, and other molecules that compose them. Why doesn't evolution contradict the second law of thermodynamics? A. Evolution doesn't affect entropy, as living organisms eventually die and become "disordered." B. Evolution is a biological process, and biological processes do not have to conform to the laws of physics. C. Because evolution takes place over millions of years, the loss of entropy is negligible and thus the laws of thermodynamics are not violated. D. Even though evolution may decrease the entropy of living organisms, it increases the entropy of the Earth (or the universe) as organisms release heat. E. Evolution actually does violate the second law of thermodynamics, and this fact is problematic for scientists.
D
Imagine you have radioactively labeled a protein in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum. Where would you predict the labeled protein will end up? A. in the lumen of the Golgi apparatus B. in the lumen of a vesicle C. outside the cell D> All of these choices are correct.
D
In intestinal epithelial cells, a transport protein moves glucose into the cytoplasm against its concentration gradient at the same time that it transports Na+ into the cell down its electrochemical gradient. Which of the following CORRECTLY describes this co-transport of glucose and sodium? (Hint: When both molecules move in the same direction, a symporter is involved. When the molecules move in the opposite direction an antiporter mediates the process. A. Primary active transport by an antiporter. B. Primary active transport by a symporter. C. Secondary active transport by an antiporter. D. Secondary active transport by a symporter.
D
Membrane phospholipids: (Hint: Look carefully at their molecular structure.) A. form covalent bonds with other lipids to increase stability. B. contain head groups with only negative charges. C. are solely hydrophilic. D. have both polar and non-polar regions.
D
RNA molecules are transported from the nucleus to the cytoplasm in eukaryotes through: A. budding off of the nuclear envelope. B. passive diffusion. C. aquaporins. D. nuclear pores. E. sodium-potassium pumps.
D
Spontaneous reactions have a __________ ΔG A. zero B. none C. positive D. negative
D
The controlled release of cellular material stored in membrane-bound vesicles to the outside of the cell is an example of: A. endocytosis. B. transcytosis. C. phagocytosis. D. exocytosis.
D
The hydrolysis of _____ is an exergonic reaction that drives many endergonic reactions in a cell. A. AMP B. cAMP C. oxygen D. ATP
D
The reactions in the pathways of glycolysis and the citric acid cycle break down glucose into smaller molecules. While we haven't covered the details of these reactions it is clear they: A. take place in animal cells, but not in plant cells. B. are anabolic pathways. C. involve the reduction of glucose and its metabolic intermediates. D. are catabolic pathways.
D
In aerobic respiration, glucose is _____ to CO2 and oxygen is _____ to water. A. reduced; oxidized B. oxidized; oxidized C. deoxygenated; phosphorylated D. phosphorylated; deoxygenated E. oxidized; reduced
E
Which of the following reactions would you predict could be coupled to ATP hydrolysis? (Hint: You will first need to find the delta G for ATP hydrolysis in units of kcal/mol, the textbook will help. Then pick the most sensible answer from the perspective of a cell.) A. phosphoenolpyruvate + H2O -> pyruvate + Pi, delta G -14.8 kcal/mol B. glucose 6-phosphate + H2O -> glucose + Pi, delta G -3.3 kcal/mol C. glucose 1-phosphate + H2O -> glucose + Pi, delta G -5.0 kcal/mol D. creatine phosphate + H2O -> creatine + Pi, delta G -10.3 kcal/mol E. glutamic acid + NH3 -> glutamine, delta G +3.4 kcal/mol
E
The Golgi apparatus is responsible for at least a portion of a eukaryote's: (Select all that apply.) targeting of proteins to their final destinations. modification of proteins synthesized in the ER. carbohydrate synthesis. modification of lipids synthesized in the ER.
all apply
With which of the following is a signal-recognition particle (SRP) capable of interacting? (Select all that apply.) a ribosome a signal sequence in a protein destined for the ER an SRP receptor
all apply
Which of the following have cell walls? A. fungal cells B. bacterial cells C. animal cells D. plant cells
all besides C
Which of the following describes ATP hydrolysis? (Select all that apply.) Spontaneous Exergonic Often coupled to a reaction that has a positive ΔG
all of the above
Cellular respiration is a series of ______ reactions. (Hint: Think back to the thermodynamic lectures.) A. glycolytic B. catabolic C. phosphorylation D. carboxylation E. anabolic
b
In which of the following regions of the cell can protein synthesis occur in eukaryotes? (Select all that apply.) lysosomes nucleus cytoplasm rough endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus
cytoplasm and rough endoplasmic reticulum
A change in pH can disrupt the ionic bonds in a molecule, affecting the primary structure and subsequently enzyme function. True False
false
Bacteria use lysosomes to digest material in the cell. True False
false
Enzymes get used up during chemical reactions, and so subsequently there must be enough enzymes present for the reaction to continually proceed. True False
false
If an enzyme reaction has a ∆G<0, then the reaction must happen at an observable rate. True False
false
The mitochondria and chloroplast are part of the endomembrane system. True False
false
When glucose is broken down in a cell, all of the energy it stores is released simultaneously, not in a stepwise process. True False
false
If a reaction has a ∆Gº>0, and you start with only reactants, products will form. (Hint: Think about the difference between ∆Gº and ∆G; see bonus slide in lecture notes.) True False
true