Exam 2 Study Questions

The mother of a 15-year-old Mexican female is excited about planning the daughter's quinceañera. With which cultural term should the nurse identify this event?

Culture specifics are those values, beliefs, and practices that are special or unique to a culture. Culture universals are the values, beliefs, and practices that people from all cultures share. A cultural stereotype is an unsubstantiated belief that all people of a certain racial or ethnic group are alike in many respects. A cultural archetype is a symbol for remembering some of the culture specifics and is usually not negative.

Which play activity would the nurse plan for a 4-year-old girl 2 days after undergoing an appendectomy? Playing a game of Monopoly Dressing up in a Cinderella gown Participating in a game of hopscotch Drawing pictures of her mother and father

Drawing pictures of her mother and father

The school nurse assesses preschoolers for genetic conditions such as: Down syndrome. congenital hypothyroidism. sickle cell disease. Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

Duchenne muscular dystrophy. The other syndromes are diagnosed earlier

2. A young adult male client of Mexican heritage sustains injuries from a motor vehicle crash. When assessing this patient, the nurse must consider that the client may possess which view of pain? 1) A belief in taboos against narcotic use to relieve pain 2) Expectation of immediate treatment for relief of pain 3) Endurance of pain longer and report it less frequently than some patients do 4) Use of herbal teas, heat application, and prayers to manage his pain

Endurance of pain longer and report it less frequently than some patients do

The nurse working with the preschool age group educates parents about which of the following nutritional guidelines? (select all that apply) Preschool children should eat at least five servings of fruits and vegetables per day. Children aged 3 to 5 should receive 1000 to 1200 calories per day. Preschool children should consume approximately half of their diet in carbohydrates. Fat requirements in preschool children are higher than those for older children. Preschool fat intake should consist of saturated fats.

Fat requirements in preschool children are higher than those for older children. Preschool children should consume approximately half of their diet in carbohydrates. Preschool children should eat at least five servings of fruits and vegetables per day.

According to the Centers for Disease Control, what are the leading causes of death in the older population? (select two that apply) Diabetes Heart disease Cancer Stroke Alzheimer's disease

Heart disease Cancer

4. The nurse collects biographical information on a client from Central America. Which information provided by the client represents ethnicity? 1) Latino 2) Catholic 3) White 4) Teacher

Latino

What are the two main types of dementia in older adults?

Multiinfarct dementia Alzheimer's disease

The nurse is teaching parents about typical sleep disturbances of the preschooler. Which recommendation would the nurse make to the parents? Bedtime rituals of 1 hour or more should decrease sleep disturbances Frightening television shows and stories should be banned before bedtime Parents should help the child differentiate between "pretend" and "real" occurrences When the child has night wakening events, reassurance occurs when the child is taken to the parent's bed

Parents should help the child differentiate between "pretend" and "real" occurrences

The nurse is teaching a group of mothers about toddlers and their play activities by explaining that toddlers: participate in parallel play. demonstrate skill in sharing and cooperative play. enjoy playing together with a group of toddlers. learn best with intensive drill during play.

Participate in parallel play

The nurse caring for the infant in the community setting observes for which of the following passive manifestations of abuse? (select all that apply) Poor nutrition Neglected visits to primary care providers Soft tissue injuries Fractures in varying stages of healing Emotional neglect

Poor nutrition Neglected visits to primary care providers Emotional neglect

The nurse is teaching parents about strategies to help reduce preschooler unintentional poisonings in the home. Instructions would include: which of the following?(select all that apply) Post the poison control number near every telephone. Administer ipecac syrup immediately to the child suspected of swallowing poison. Transfer cleaning supplies to old, unattractive canisters. Teach the child about poisons at an early age. Use safety latches for drawers and cabinet doors. Store products in their original container.

Post the poison control number near every telephone. Teach the child about poisons at an early age. Use safety latches for drawers and cabinet doors. Store products in their original container.

The nurse assesses the preschooler's coping mechanisms as being developmentally appropriate through observation of: temper tantrums. fantasy play. separation anxiety. flexible bedtime rituals.

fantasy play.

Characteristic behaviors of older adults who have successfully met Erikson's ego integrity versus despair developmental task include: fear of death. feelings that life has been lived in vain. identity is related to career and work only. honest acceptance of the life that has passed.

honest acceptance of the life that has passed.

The hallmark of the first substage of Piaget's preoperational stage is the ability of the preschooler to function using: abstract thinking. concrete thinking. auditory cues. language.

language.

The nurse in the well-baby clinic informs the mother of a 6-month-old infant about introducing solid foods by instructing her to: feed the baby solids before the milk. make the baby's solid foods smooth and runny. introduce solid foods by adding it to the baby's formula bottle. mix a little honey in the fruit to stimulate the infant's taste buds.

make the baby's solid foods smooth and runny. Pureed foods are used until the infant has teeth; chopped foods are used when the infant can chew.• Introduce only one food at a time and in small amounts.• Do not mix solid foods together; the infant should learn to appreciate different tastes and textures.• Do not add solid foods to the infant's bottle.• Do not start to reduce the milk supply until the infant is taking food successfully from the spoon.• Until 1 year of age, feed the baby milk before solid foods.• Do not give honey to infants less than 12 months of age. Honey is a known source of bacterial spores that produce a toxin, which can cause infant botulism.

Nurses caring for the toddler population instruct parents that one of the leading causes of visits to health care providers is: amblyopia. otitis media. burns. neglect.

otitis media Otitis media, or inner ear infection, is one of the leading causes of visits to health care providers during the toddler years and the number one reason for which antibiotics are prescribed for these children. Discussing the current literature and evidence-based reports and recommendations often helps parents understand the proper use of antibiotics, which is also imperative in preventing antibiotic resistance. Amblyopia is a major health care concern of the toddler age group and occurs in 2% to 5% of children. Toddlers are at high risk for accidental injuries related to burns and parents should be instructed on measures to avoid injuries. Toddlers suffering from neglect are less likely to be seen by health care practitioners.

When the nurse is assessing a toddler for signs of child abuse, observations of parental behavior may include: difficulty leaving the child. parental delays in seeking help. spontaneous reporting of the details of the injury. parental questions about progress and discharge.

parental delays in seeking help.

When evaluating the health perception of a preschooler, the nurse understands that this age group views pain or illness as: punishment. separation anxiety. a result of their actions. painful regardless of the intervention.

punishment

The time during which infants develop the coordination to master activities which allow them to interact with the environment is known as the: reflexive period. psychosocial period. sensorimotor period. immunological period.

sensorimotor period.

The nurse is caring for a client who emigrated from Puerto Rico. What should the nurse learn to best care for this client? 1) Practices of the patient's ethnic group 2) Patient's individual cultural beliefs 3) Values of her own culture 4) Spanish-speaking community

Patient's individual cultural beliefs The nurse cares for this patient by becoming familiar with the patient's individual cultural and ethnic beliefs and values.

The nurse teaches new mothers about research on pacifiers and breast-feeding. Which statement by a mother indicates an understanding of the instruction? "I have no problem giving a pacifier to a breast-feeding baby." "I offer a pacifier after each feeding to satisfy my baby's sucking needs." "There is significant research that indicates harm is associated with occasional pacifier use." "I do not give my baby a pacifier because I know it is associated with shorter breast-feeding duration."

"I do not give my baby a pacifier because I know it is associated with shorter breast-feeding duration."

The nurse is teaching a clinic patient about hypertension. Which statement indicates the patient is present oriented? 1) "I know I need to lose weight; I'll have to begin an exercise program right away." 2) "If I change my diet and begin exercising, maybe I can control my blood pressure without medications." 3) "I know I need to give up foods that contain a lot of salt, but with teenagers in the house it is very difficult." 4) "I will reduce the amount of calories, salt, and fat that I eat; I certainly do not want to have a stroke."

"I know I need to give up foods that contain a lot of salt, but with teenagers in the house it is very difficult." Knowing an action is needed but giving reasons for not beginning it "just now" shows a focus on the present.

Which statement, if made by a parent after attending a teaching session on initiating a toilet training program for toddlers, indicates a need for further teaching? "I take my child to the potty after a meal." "I offer praise when my child uses the potty." "I require my child to sit on the potty until she goes." "I have given my child underpants as a reward for using the potty."

"I require my child to sit on the potty until she goes."

A new mother asks the nurse when the baby's anterior fontanel will close. The nurse explains that it will close at: 2 months. 6 months. 12 months. 18 months.

18 months

The nurse is explaining services provided in assisted living to a couple considering a move to long-term housing for older adults. The nurse explains that assisted living includes: 24-hour protective oversight. medications administered by staff personnel. client responsibility for preparation of own medications. expectation that clients are independent in all care areas.

24 hour protective oversight

According to the National Resource Center on Nutrition, Physical Activity and Aging, it is estimated that between __ of older residents living in long-term care facilities are malnourished. 10% and 15% 20% and 25% 35% and 50% 55% and 70%

35% and 50%

During the 1-month well-baby visit, a pediatric nurse explains to the mother that she should expect to hear babbling in her infant by: 2 months. 4 months. 6 months. 9 months.

6 months

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the fastest-growing group within the older population is: 65 to 70. 70 to 75. 75 to 80. 85 and older.

85 and older.

Which is considered a "practice"? 1) Always drinking water after exercise 2) Thinking often about cleanliness 3) Emphasizing success 4) Maintaining youth

A practice is a set of behaviors that one follows, such as always drinking water after exercise. Thinking about cleanliness is a value. Emphasizing success is a value. Maintaining youth is a value.

. A patient from Italy has lived in the United States for years and practices elements from both cultures. What is this patient demonstrating? 1) Assimilation 2) Socialization 3) Acculturation 4) Immigration

Acculturation

14. A patient reports experiencing gas, abdominal bloating, and diarrhea after consuming milk or cheese. Lactose intolerance might immediately be suspected if the patient is of which heritage? 1) African American 2) Mexican American 3) European American 4) Arab American

African American

According to Erikson, what is the developmental task of toddlers? Doubt Shame Autonomy Preoperational

Autonomy

24. A client who does not speak English needs extensive care. What resources are available to maximize communication with this client? Select all that apply. 1) U.S. embassies 2) Bilingual staff 3) Telephone interpreters 4) Client's family members 5) Face-to-face interpreters

Bilingual staff Telephone interpreters Face-to-face interpreters

Which of the following techniques will help the infant development of trust vs. mistrust? (select all that apply) Select all that apply. Respond to the infant in a consistent manner. Allow the infant to cry to avoid spoiling the child, particularly if the infant has just been fed and diapered. Respond to the infant in a prompt manner even if the child has physical needs met. Use a pacifier to soothe the infant when crying. Provide the infant with predictable and organized routines.

Respond to the infant in a consistent manner. Respond to the infant in a prompt manner even if the child has physical needs met. Provide the infant with predictable and organized routines.

Which of the following physical activities are most appropriate for the preschool age group? (select all that apply) Ring around the Rosy Watching television Electronic video games Tee ball Paintball

Ring around the Rosy Tee ball

The nurse counsels the older adult about the benefits of regular physical activity. What are the educational points to use when promoting strength training? (select all that apply) Strength training can improve balance. Strength training can increase the risk of falls. Strength training can strengthen bones. Strength training can reduce the incidence of acute illnesses. Strength training reduces blood glucose levels.

Strength training can improve balance. Strength training can strengthen bones. Strength training reduces blood glucose levels.

The nurse, teaching a class to primiparas about risk factors associated with sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), explains that prevention strategies include: (select all that apply) Prone sleeping position Supine sleeping position Postnatal smoking Sleeping on soft surfaces Sleeping on firmer surface Overwrapping the baby Allowing the baby to sleep with the parents Breast-feeding the baby

Supine sleeping position Sleeping on a firmer surface Breast-feeding the baby

Which physical growth and development change in toddlers places them at risk for airway obstruction? The diameter of the upper respiratory tract is small. The respiratory rate decreases to 25 breaths per minute. All 20 primary or deciduous teeth erupt be the end of toddlerhood. The swallowing pattern using the tongue is fully developed.

The diameter of the upper respiratory tract is small.

A middle-aged Chinese American client, who is self-employed without health insurance, is recovering from heart surgery. Each day family members spend hours at the client's bedside. Which is the most important factor for the nurse to focus on when planning the client's discharge? 1) Ethnic background 2) Family support 3) Employment status 4) Healthcare coverage

The nurse should focus on the patient's strengths and resources for health restoration and self-care. In this case, it is the client's family.

An older client asks for another nurse because of not wanting a "man" to provide her with care. Which cultural barrier is this client exhibiting? 1) Ethnocentrism 2) Racism 3) Sexism 4) Chauvinism

This patient is exhibiting sexism; she is objecting to the nurse merely because of his sex. Ethnocentrism occurs when a person is positively biased toward her own culture. Racism is a form of prejudice and discrimination based on race. Ethnocentrism occurs when a person is positively biased toward her own culture. Racism is a form of prejudice and discrimination based on race.

Independent seniors may experience which of the following barriers to obtaining adequate nutritional intake? (select all that apply) Transportation issues Income Socialization Social support resources Cultural food preferences

Transportation issues Income Social support resources

Which of the following physical changes are expected during the toddler years? (select all that apply) Select all that apply. Growth in height of 4 to 6 inches per year Weight gain of 4 to 6 pounds per year Urine specific gravity lower than that of an adult Bowel control generally occurs before urinary control Increase in heart rate because of increase in size

Weight gain of 4 to 6 pounds per year Bowel control generally occurs before urinary control

13. A patient of Scandinavian heritage is admitted for observation after sustaining injuries in a motor vehicle accident. The nurse expects that he may endure pain stoically, without grimacing or vocalizing. Of what is the nurse's thinking an example? 1) Archetype 2) Bias 3) Prejudice 4) Stereotype

archetype an example of a person or thing—something that is recurrent—and it has its basis in facts. Therefore, it becomes a symbol for remembering some of the cultural specifics and is usually not negative.

The nurse offers interventions to parents to enhance toddlers' nutritional pattern by telling the parents to (select all that apply) avoid foods that may cause choking. serve the toddlers' favorite foods when he or she refuses to eat. send the toddler to bed if he or she does not want to eat. do not use food to bribe, reward, or punish the toddler. serve small portions, and let the toddler ask for more. serve single foods as mixtures of foods.

avoid foods that may cause choking. do not use food to bribe, reward, or punish the toddler. serve small portions, and let the toddler ask for more.

The nurse suggests stimulating experiences for development of their infant to the parents of a 6-month-old infant. These experiences would include: singing lullabies to the baby. inviting another infant over to play. keeping the top of the crib free of hanging mobiles. providing a toy that emits animal sounds when the buttons are pushed.

singing lullabies to the baby. (do not have fine motor skills to push a button)

The nurse assessing a 24-month-old toddler expects expressive language to include: repeats 2 digits from memory. jargon and echolalia are predominately used. talks in word phrases, and 2 to 3 word sentences. average sentence length is approximately 2½ words.

talks in word phrases, and 2 to 3 word sentences.

The nurse is teaching prenatal couples about the critical principles of attachment. These principles include: parents of sick infants become attached as quickly as those of healthy infants. the mother and father should have close contact with their infant within minutes after birth. it is mandatory for the father to witness the birth process so that bonding and attachment will occur. parents take on the active role when interacting with their infant, realizing that their infant will be unresponsive.

the mother and father should have close contact with their infant within minutes after birth.

The preoperative stage of thinking is displayed by the child as: transductive reasoning. the trait of irreversibility. understanding the perspectives of others. an ability to consider more than one factor when solving simple problems.

transductive reasoning.

The nurse, presenting a class on strategies to prevent drowning in toddlers, instructs parents to: teach their toddler how to swim. place the toddler in the tub with 1 or 2 inches of water. make sure pails of water are less than ½ full. use personal flotation devices on the toddler when boating.

use personal flotation devices on the toddler when boating.

An effective method for older adults to feel engaged in the community is through: volunteering. downsizing. retirement. gardening.

volunteering

The most widely accepted form of exercise among older adults is reported to be: swimming. running. strength-training. walking.

walking