exam 3
what is Authoritative parenting style :
firm control balanced with ample nurturing (enforce standards but tell why certain behaviors are better or worse with facts and reasoning) 41
Special Peer Relationships:
"best friend" relationships within work context, characterized by high levels of disclosure, trust, social support ("work spouse")
how do you Improve Family Communication
-Create opportunities for intimate communication (the family meal) -Respect individual interests and accomplishments (everyone matters, not just the oldest) -Both sides recognize and adapt to change (especially as each side ages)
what is phase four
I know it's hard. I'm here for you.
what is cyberbullying
The extension of bullying behavior to electronic communication of any kind.
what is mutual hostility / fighting
partners trade increasingly louder verbal abuse (the most damaging of the five patterns)
Collegial Peer Relationships:
work -based friendships: a wider variety of topics are discussed, boundaries are maintained, private personal information is not discussed, no contact outside of work
what are the six heuristic
•1-reciprocity heuristic •2-social proof heuristic •3-liking heuristic •4-authority heuristic •5-consistency heuristic •6-scarcity heuristic
how do you validate emotions
•Acknowledge the negative emotion (You must be in shock •Legitimating/validating the experience of the emotion (That's terrible news) •Encourage discussion of the emotion (Do you want to talk about it)
what are the elements of celebratory support
•Affirm positive emotions. •Offer to celebrate with the person.
what are the five skills of supportive messaging
•Creating a Supportive Climate •Validating Emotions •Encouraging Reappraisal •Offering Advice •Providing Celebratory Support
how do you create a supportive climate
•Emphasize your desire and availability to help (I'm here) •Promise—and keep—confidentiality •Convey acceptance and affiliation (save public "face") •Convey warmth and caring nonverbally (hug, hand-holding) •Promote elaboration with questions and brief responses (I see...go on)
what are the three types of empathy
•Perspective Taking •Sympathetic •Responsiveness •Empathic Responsiveness
what is Cross-complaining:
trading unrelated criticisms, leaving the initial issue unresolved (changing the argument)
what are Siblings, including step and half
Sibling relationships can span more time than other relationships and provide communication training ground.
what is collaborating
using problem-solving to arrive at a solution that meets the needs and interests of both parties in the conflict (win/win
how do you Communicate Effectively with Your Manager
Adapt to your manager's communication preferences (how do they like to be approached?) Identify how you can help your manager effectively complete the work of your group (sell your strengths-social media)
what is a synthetic responsiveness
Feeling concern, compassion, or sorrow for another person because he or she is in a distressing situation ("warm")
what are the steps of collaboration
1.Confession (good for the soul?) 2. Venting (let 'em rip) 3. Understanding (What were you thinking?) 4. Apologize, and mean it! 5. Forgive (forget?) 6. Set conditions (I forgive you, but if it happens again...) 7. Monitor (Can you forget? Should you? Keep checking)
what is Principle of Negative Reciprocity
: tendency to repay negative treatment with negative treatment
what is phase one
Are you all right? What happened
what is the Peripheral route
Automatic Processing •Shortcuts save time and mental energy
how do you make someone complaint
Begin by doing facework with the other person (I know your job is hard...) •Describe what has happened that you believe violates your rights/expectations (details) •Explain why what has happened violates your rights/expectations •Describe how you feel about what has happened •Invite the person to comment on or paraphrase what you have said
what is the central route
Conscious Processing •Critically evaluate logic, credibility, emotional appeals
what are the five sources of power
Coercive Power Reward Power Legitimate Power Expert Power Referent
what is the passive approach persuasion
Concealing feelings rather than voicing rights and expectations to others
what is a supportive climate
Conversational environment in which recipients will feel comfortable disclosing their problems and emotions-but how?
what is Hyperpersonal communication theory
Digital interactions can become intense and overly intimate beyond what would occur in face-to-face relationship People can be more strategic in their presentation to others
how do you manage social media and work
Managing multiple conversations at work Each person deserves full attention Research: multi-tasking doesn't work Focus on one thing at a time Scan your media for incriminating photos Careful: criticizing colleagues/company Prepare your digital image for job search Consider ratio of professional-to-personal hits for your name on search engines
what is routine relational maintanace
Messages and behaviors that are performed without any deliberate intention to affect the relationship but have the effect of preserving intimacy (sharing routine tasks like cleaning)
what is the ELM ( elaboration likelihood model)
People can use mental shortcuts or more elaborate thinking skills when processing persuasive messages
what is empathic responsiveness
Personally experiencing an emotional response parallel to another person's actual or anticipated display of emotion (you feel what they feel)
what is interpersonal power went a relationship
Potential you have to influence the attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors of someone else (can change over time)
Mentoring Benefits:
Protégés : higher compensation, more promotions, greater career satisfaction Mentors : increased influence, protégés reflect their goals/values (giving back)
what was cyberstalking
Repeatedly using social media to shadow or harass others
what are culture based work styles
Results Oriented (U.S.): results over relationships Relationship Oriented (Japan, Mexico): relationships over results Sequential Task Completion: tasks completed in order Holistic Task Completion: tasks are worked on simultaneously
What is phase two?
Sorry, I can see why you're upset. Can I help?
what are the four supportive interaction phases
Support Activation Support Provision •Recipient Reaction •Provider Responses
what is phase three
Thanks, I'm worried about what will happen next.
how do we empathize
The cognitive and affective process of perceiving the emotions others are feeling and then acting on our perception (put ourselves in their shoes)
long-term romantic relationships (LTRRs)
Those enduring romantic relationships that are intimate and where partners have made some type of long-term commitment to each other include people who are engaged, co-habiting, in long- distance relationships married
what is Title VII
Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 is a federal law that prohibits employers from discriminating against employees on the basis of sex, race, color, national origin, and religion. It generally applies to employers with 15 or more employees, including federal, state, and local governments.
what is perspective talking
Using everything we know about our partner and his or her circumstances to help us understand how he or she is feeling I
what is the aggressive approach to persuasion
Verbal Aggression: sending messages that attack another's self-esteem or express hostility, but is...
what is family
a self-defined group of intimates who create and maintain themselves through their own interactions and interactions with others
what is authority heuristic
do what experts advise (believe in the experts' opinions)
what is serial arguing
arguing about the same issue two or more times
what is the average job number , how long do people stay at each Job
average person spend 13 years and two months at work average person changes jobs 12 times during their lifetime length of time spent at a job is 4.2 years
what is compromising
bargaining=each partner's needs or interests are partially satisfied (both parties give up something: no winners or losers)
what is consistency heuristic
be consistent (do what you've always done in similar situations
what is counter blaming
blaming partners for being the cause of what they've accused you of doing; shifting responsibility, leaving the original issue unresolved
what is fact conflict
caused by a dispute over the truth or accuracy of an item of information: can be resolved by finding a reliable source to verify accuracy or truth
what is pseudo conflict
caused by a perceptual difference between partners: is easily resolved by clarifying meaning, clarifying goals & setting boundaries for appropriate teasing
what is value conflict
caused by differences in partners' deep-seated moral beliefs: difficult to resolve, may have to be content to "agree to disagree"
what is policy conflict
caused by differences over a preferred plan or course of action: no right or wrong, but may have to come to a mutual agreement that both parties can live with
what is intangible support
comfort , advice, companionship
what is supportive interactions
conversations whose goals are to provide emotional support for a partner (how much is too much?)
Mentoring relationship:
developmentally oriented relationship between a mentor (more experienced, often older) and a protégé (less experienced, often younger)
what is conflict flaming
digital communication displaying hostility through insults, profanity, and other offensive language (easier online: more aggressive, little or no backlash; anonimity)
what is meta conflict
disagreement over the process of communication itself during an argument: now there are two issues; the original issue and the conflict process itself
what is social proof heuristic
do what others do: follow the crowd (safety in numbers-mob mentality?)
what is relational maintenance
exchanging messages or behaving in ways that keep a relationship at a desired level of intimacy, satisfaction, and health (lack of communication can lead to problems)
what is scarcity heuristic
get what is in short supply(the harder something is to get, the more influential that something means to us)
what is celebratory support
helping others capitalize on their success, but ho
what is authoritarian parenting style
high levels of control with low levels of nurturing (my way or the highway) 39
what is Anxious-Ambivalent Attachment
infants feel unworthy of care and that others cannot be trusted, stemming from inconsistent nurturing
what is Avoidant Attachment
infants feel worthy of care but don't trust others, stemming from severe neglect as infants
what is Secure Attachment
infants feel worthy of care and that others can be trusted to provide it, stemming from consistent nurturing
what is liking heuristic
influenced by people we like & don't want to disappoint them
Informational Peer Relationships:
interactions and conversations devoted solely to work topics (Impersonal)
what are Family structures: Traditional:
married man/woman, living with one or more children from their union
strategic relational maintenance
messages and behaviors are deliberately performed in order to maintain the level of intimacy in the relationship
what is Passive-aggressive behavior:
messages indirectly express hostility (stubbornness, unresponsiveness, refusing to help, not owning up to your responsibilities)
What is the permissive parenting style?
moderate to high levels of nurturing but little control over children's behavior (Stop yelling! You're giving me a headache!)
what is tangible support
money or transportation help
what is Demand-withdrawal
one partner demands while the other withdraws (bringing up an issue which is ignored by the other party
Co-Workers:
peers who work together, are at the same or similar levels in an organization's hierarchy, and have no formal authority over each other
What are fictive kin?
people who are considered family members even though there are no genetic or marital ties Maddy
what is withdrawing
physically or psychologically removing yourself from the conflict so you don't have to deal with the issue
what is legitimate power
potential to influence based on authority granted to a person who occupies a certain role (parent, teacher, boss
what is expert power
potential to influence based on subject-specific knowledge and competence
what is coercive power
potential to influence rooted in the ability to physically or psychologically punish our partner
What is reward power?
potential to influence rooted in the ability to provide something the partner values, cannot easily get from someone else
what is the referent
power derived from the respect & admiration of others (reliable sources=endorse
what is reciprocity heuristic
repay in kind/feel an obligation to someone
what is Leader-Member Exchange Theory: Managers:
responsible for getting more work done than they have people to do it Managers seek subordinates willing to do more than expected
what is ego conflict
results when both parties insist on being the "winner" of the argument to confirm self-concept or self-esteem: can end up getting so personal as to ignore the issue
what is accommodating
satisfying others' needs or accepting others' ideas while neglecting your own needs and ideas (lose/win situation)
what is competing
satisfying your own needs or advancing your own ideas with little concern for needs/ideas of the other person or for the relationship (I win/you lose)
what is flaming
sending an aggressive message using social media
what is capitalization
sharing successes and leveraging good feelings with expectation that others will celebrate with us (social media?)
What is empathy?
the ability to understand and share the feelings of another
what is social support
the assistance we provide to others who we believe need our aid, tangible (money, transportation) or intangible (comfort, advice, companionship
what is source credibility
the extent to which partner believes in your:Competence,Trustworthiness,Likability
