Exam 3
4) The innermost layer of the heart wall is the A) mediastinum. B) parietal pericardium. C) epicardium. D) myocardium. E) endocardium.
E
40) If valve function deteriorates such that the heart cannot maintain adequate circulatory flow, symptoms of ________ appear. A) mitral valve prolapse B) carditis C) coronary artery disease D) rheumatic fever E) valvular heart disease
E
17) Each cardiac muscle cell is bound to its neighboring cells at sites called A) intercalated discs. B) myofibrils. C) sarcomeres. D) trabeculae. E) fossa ovalis.
A
21) Red blood cells result from the divisions of cells called A) hemocytoblasts. B) lymphoblasts. C) monoblasts. D) myeloblasts. E) progenitor cells.
A
24) The first blood vessels to branch from the pulmonary trunk are the A) pulmonary arteries. B) superior vena cavae. C) circumflex arteries. D) coronary arteries. E) pulmonary veins.
A
63) Which of the following are the most active type of leukocytes, phagocytically, and are usually the first to arrive at an injury site? A) neutrophils B) eosinophils C) basophils D) lymphocytes E) erythrocytes
A
31) The pulmonary arteries carry blood to the A) heart. B) lungs. C) brain. D) kidneys. E) pancreas.
B
56) The most abundant type of WBC in a normal blood sample is the A) basophil. B) neutrophil. C) lymphocyte. D) eosinophil. E) monocyte.
B
75) Which of the following begins with the activation of plasminogen? A) thrombosis B) fibrinolysis C) agglutination D) intrinsic pathway E) extrinsic pathway
B
10) The semilunar valves prevent backflow into the A) atria. B) aorta. C) ventricles. D) pulmonary trunk. E) venae cavae.
C
26) The atrioventricular valve on the left side of the heart is also called the A) tricuspid valve. B) cuspid valve. C) mitral valve. D) pulmonary valve. E) aortic valve.
C
29) ________ directly stimulates red blood cell production. A) Intrinsic factor B) Thyroxine C) EPO D) Vitamin B12 E) GH
C
87) The second heart sound is heard when A) the AV valves open. B) the AV valves close. C) the semilunar valves close. D) the atria contract. E) blood enters the aorta.
C
9) The great and middle cardiac veins drain blood directly into the A) superior vena cava. B) inferior vena cava. C) coronary sinus. D) coronary sulcus. E) aorta.
C
27) Which of the following indicates the start of the systemic circuit? A) pulmonary trunk B) pulmonary arteries C) vena cavae D) ascending aorta E) cardiac veins
D
35) Formation of red blood cells is called A) thrombopoiesis. B) leukocytosis. C) leukopoiesis. D) erythropoiesis. E) erythrocytosis.
D
38) Cardiac muscle cells have abundant reserves of myoglobin, which function in A) removing waste products. B) storing iron. C) removing carbon dioxide. D) storing oxygen. E) the shortening of individual sarcomeres.
D
40) A hemoglobin molecule contains A) three protein chains, four heme groups, and two iron ions. B) two protein chains, two heme groups, and four iron ions. C) four protein chains, two heme groups, and two iron ions. D) four protein chains, four heme groups, and four iron ions. E) four protein chains, six heme groups, and two iron ions.
D
72) A drifting blood clot, air bubble, or fat globule is called A) thrombus. B) plaque. C) clotting factor. D) embolus. E) hemostatic element.
D
1) The term ________ refers to the combination of plasma and the formed elements together. A) whole blood B) hematocrit C) thrombocyte D) hemopoiesis E) packed cell volume
A
16) Plasma proteins that are necessary for blood to maintain osmotic pressure are A) albumins. B) fibrinogens. C) globulins. D) fibrin. E) platelets.
A
17) Blood is approximately ________ percent plasma by volume. A) 46-63 B) 37-54 C) 12-33 D) 25-39 E) 99.9
A
24) The function of hemoglobin is to A) bind and transport oxygen and carbon dioxide. B) protect the body against pathogens. C) aid in the process of blood clotting. D) carry nutrients from the intestine to the body's cells. E) absorb and neutralize the acids generated by active tissues.
A
25) The primary function of the venae cavae includes which of the following? A) return blood to the right atrium B) pump oxygenated blood into circulation C) remove excess fluid from the heart chambers D) anchor the heart to surrounding structures E) prevent expansion of the heart
A
25) ________ are the most abundant cell population of the formed elements of blood. A) Erythrocytes B) Platelets C) Neutrophils D) Lymphocytes E) Monocytes
A
28) The semilunar valve of the left side of the heart prevents backflow from the A) aorta. B) pulmonary trunk. C) pulmonary veins. D) right ventricle. E) left ventricle.
A
3) The loose-fitting sac around the heart is lined by the A) parietal pericardium. B) epicardium. C) endocardium. D) parietal myocardium. E) parietal endocardium.
A
30) The function of an atrium is to A) collect blood returning to the heart. B) pump blood to the lungs. C) pump blood into the systemic circuit. D) prevent the movement of blood back into the ventricles. E) stabilize the position of the heart valves.
A
36) Which disease is characterized by defective hemoglobin that results from a mutation affecting the amino acid sequence of one pair of the globular proteins of the hemoglobin molecule resulting in stiff, markedly curved red blood cells? A) sickle cell anemia B) thalassemia C) hematuria D) jaundice E) aplastic anemia
A
37) Veins that return blood to the heart are also referred to as ________ vessels. A) afferent B) mitral C) valvular D) efferent E) pulmonary
A
39) During red blood cell development, what is the term given to the first anucleate cell? A) reticulocyte B) erythrocyte C) myeloid stem cell D) hemocytoblast E) proerythroblast
A
39) The right and left coronary arteries originate at the A) aortic sinuses. B) coronary sinus. C) pulmonary trunk. D) marginal artery. E) fossa ovalis.
A
41) During the recycling of hemoglobin, what is the breakdown product of the globular proteins of each hemoglobin molecule? A) amino acids B) stercobilins C) bilirubin D) transferrin E) urobilins
A
43) Erythropoietin is most likely released under which of the following conditions? A) during anemia B) when the respiratory surfaces of the lungs are optimally enhanced C) when the carbon dioxide content of air in the lungs declines D) during erythrocytosis E) when blood flow to the thymus declines
A
44) In ________, the cusps of the bicuspid valves do not close properly. A) mitral valve prolapse B) valvular heart disease C) ventricular stenosis D) myocardial infarctions E) aortic sinuses
A
52) Formed elements that are nucleated and capable of amoeboid movement are A) leukocytes. B) chondrocytes. C) thrombocytes. D) erythrocytes. E) melanocytes.
A
6) Blood returning directly from the systemic circulation enters the A) right atrium. B) right ventricle. C) left atrium. D) left ventricle. E) pulmonary trunk.
A
70) Depolarization of the atria is represented on an electrocardiogram by the A) P wave. B) T wave. C) S wave. D) QRS complex. E) PR complex.
A
70) How long do platelets circulate before being removed by phagocytes? A) 9-12 days B) 6-18 hours C) 2-3 days D) 4-8 weeks E) 1-2 months
A
77) What is a benefit of a vascular spasm at the onset of hemostasis? A) a reduction in blood loss B) an increase in peripheral blood flow C) the formation of collagen fibers D) an easier passage for neutrophils to the site of injury E) greater availability of calcium
A
81) Calcium ions and ________ have an effect on nearly every aspect of the clotting process. A) vitamin K B) vitamin A C) vitamin D D) vitamin E E) thiamin
A
83) Which of the following is true regarding normal cardiac muscle? A) Neither summation nor tetany can occur. B) Both summation and tetany can occur. C) Summation, but not tetany, can occur. D) Tetany, but not summation, can occur. E) Tetany always follows summation.
A
86) Relaxation of the heart chambers is called A) diastole. B) systole. C) depolarization. D) hyperpolarization. E) repolarization
A
91) Which of the following is greatest during left ventricular systole? A) the pressure in the ventricle B) the pressure in the aorta C) the pressure in the left atrium D) the pressure in the arteries E) the pressure in the right atrium
A
13) Which structural feature of the heart is a deep groove, usually filled with substantial amounts of fat, marking the border between the atria and the ventricles? A) posterior interventricular sulcus B) coronary sulcus C) anterior interventricular sulcus D) coronary sinus E) interventricular septum
B
19) The muscle layer of the heart is the A) epicardium. B) myocardium. C) endocardium. D) visceral pericardium. E) endothelium.
B
27) Excess transferrins are removed in the ________, where the iron extracted from heme molecules is stored in special protein-iron complexes. A) liver and thymus B) liver and spleen C) thymus and bone marrow D) spleen and bone marrow E) thymus and spleen
B
28) When large numbers of RBCs break down in the circulation, the urine can turn reddish or brown in a condition called A) sickle cell anemia. B) hemoglobinuria. C) pernicious anemia. D) leucopenia. E) septicemia.
B
29) The average pressure in the right ventricle is ________ the pressure in the left ventricle. A) the same as B) much lower than C) slightly lower than D) slightly higher than E) much higher than
B
33) EPO is released when A) oxygen levels in the blood increase. B) oxygen levels in the blood decrease. C) carbon dioxide levels in the blood increase. D) carbon dioxide levels in the blood decrease. E) protein levels in the blood increase.
B
34) Atrioventricular valves prevent backflow into the A) ventricles. B) atria. C) venae cavae. D) aorta. E) pulmonary trunk.
B
36) Blood from the viscera and the lower limbs is conducted to the heart through which vessel? A) coronary sinus B) inferior vena cava C) pulmonary veins D) superior vena cava E) cardiac vein
B
38) For erythropoiesis to proceed normally, protein synthesis requires adequate supplies of factors, such as vitamin B12, which is absorbed from the diet in the presence of which of the following? A) thyroxine B) intrinsic factor C) Factor X D) platelet factor E) EPO
B
4) In blood smear preparations, blood is collected from which type of vessel? A) veins B) peripheral capillaries C) arteries D) lymphatic ducts E) venules
B
43) The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the A) pulmonary trunk. B) pulmonary veins. C) aorta. D) inferior vena cava. E) pulmonary arteries.
B
45) When the ventricles are relaxed, the ________ are loose and there is no resistance to the flow of blood from atrium to ventricle. A) auricles B) chordae tendineae C) papillary muscles D) trabeculae carneae E) aortic sinuses
B
50) Type AB blood contains A) A agglutinins on the red blood cells. B) agglutinogen A and agglutinogen B. C) B agglutinogens on the red blood cells. D) B agglutinins in the plasma. E) agglutinin A and B.
B
68) Platelets are A) giant, multinucleated cells. B) cellular fragments. C) immature leukocytes. D) fixed macrophages. E) surface antigens.
B
69) Platelets A) are phagocytic. B) are a major component of the vascular clotting system. C) are a component of the unformed elements of blood. D) are lymphocytes. E) have multi-lobed nuclei.
B
69) The cardiac pacemaker cells are located in which of the following? A) Purkinje fibers B) SA node C) AV node D) bundle branches E) bundle of His
B
71) A blood clot attached to the wall of a vessel is called a(n) A) embolus. B) thrombus. C) plaque. D) coagulant. E) platelet plug.
B
71) ________ is a condition in which the heart rate is slower than normal. A) Cardiac arrhythmia B) Bradycardia C) Tetanus D) Summation E) Tachycardia
B
75) A faster-than-normal heart rate is called A) bradycardia. B) tachycardia. C) tetanus. D) myocardial infarct. E) arrhythmia.
B
78) The intrinsic pathway of coagulation is activated by A) the sticking of platelets to damaged tissue. B) the activation of proenzymes exposed to collagen. C) the release of tissue factor by damaged endothelium. D) the release of heparin from the liver. E) the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin.
B
83) The following is a list of the steps involved in the process of hemostasis and clot removal: 1. coagulation phase 2. fibrinolysis 3. vascular phase 4. retraction 5. platelet phase The correct sequence of these steps is A) 5, 1, 4, 2, 3. B) 3, 5, 1, 4, 2. C) 2, 3, 5, 1, 4. D) 3, 4, 5, 2, 1. E) 4, 3, 5, 2, 1.
B
92) The first heart sound ("lubb") is produced as the atrioventricular valves ________ and the semilunar valves ________. A) open; close B) close; open C) open; open D) close; close E) The actions of the valves do not contribute to the heart sounds.
B
12) Blood from the systemic circulation returns to the heart by way of the A) coronary sinus. B) pulmonary veins. C) venae cavae. D) aorta. E) pulmonary arteries.
C
14) The right atrium receives blood from the systemic circuit and pumps it to the A) aorta. B) left atrium. C) right ventricle. D) pulmonary trunk. E) muscle tissue of the heart wall
C
15) Malfunctioning chordae tendineae would A) allow blood to flow back into the aorta and the pulmonary trunk. B) inhibit closure of the semilunar valves. C) cause regurgitation into the atria. D) enable the cusps of the AV valves to swing into the ventricles. E) block blood flow into coronary arteries.
C
18) The ________ circuit carries blood to and from all parts of the body except the lungs. A) pulmonary B) coronary C) systemic D) systolic E) diastolic
C
19) Which organ synthesizes more than 90 percent of plasma proteins? A) kidney B) spleen C) liver D) bone marrow E) thymus
C
2) Fresh whole blood is usually collected through a procedure called A) acupuncture. B) transfusion. C) venipuncture. D) arterial puncture. E) hematocrit.
C
21) The right ventricle pumps blood to the A) left atrium. B) left ventricle. C) lungs. D) systemic circuit. E) right atrium.
C
23) The average life span of a red blood cell is about A) 1 week. B) 1 month. C) 4 months. D) 6 months. E) 1 year.
C
26) The percentage of whole blood volume occupied by formed elements is called A) normovolemic. B) reticulocyte count. C) hematocrit. D) hemoglobin concentration. E) differential count.
C
30) During their formation, RBCs A) flatten. B) multiply their mitochondria. C) eject their nucleus. D) are saturated with oxygen. E) recycle hemoglobin into iron and pigment molecules
C
31) ________ is a condition in which the oxygen-carrying capacity of RBCs is reduced. A) Erythropoiesis B) Lymphopoiesis C) Anemia D) Leukopenia E) Leukemia
C
32) Which structural feature of cardiac muscle cells enables action potentials to travel rapidly from cell to cell? A) mitochondria B) desmosomes C) gap junctions D) myofibrils E) myoglobin
C
34) Why might women be more prone to suffering from iron-deficient anemia than men? A) Women require about 50% more heme units per hemoglobin. B) Hemoglobin molecules break down more readily in women. C) Women have approximately half as many iron reserves. D) The RBCs in women have a shorter lifespan. E) Women absorb less iron from their diet.
C
46) The following is a list of vessels and structures that are associated with the heart. 1. right atrium 2. left atrium 3. right ventricle 4. left ventricle 5. vena cavae 6. aorta 7. pulmonary trunk 8. pulmonary veins What is the correct order for the flow of blood entering from the systemic circulation? A) 1, 2, 7, 8, 3, 4, 6, 5 B) 1, 7, 3, 8, 2, 4, 6, 5 C) 5, 1, 3, 7, 8, 2, 4, 6 D) 5, 3, 1, 7, 8, 4, 2, 6 E) 5, 1, 3, 8, 7, 2, 4, 6
C
46) Which of the following represents the correct sequence of stages in RBC maturation? A) stem cell, erythroblast, proerythroblast, reticulocyte, RBC B) hemocytoblast, myeloblast, reticulocyte, megakaryocyte, RBC C) myeloid stem cell, proerythroblast, erythroblast, reticulocyte, RBC D) monoblast, promonocyte, myelocyte, band cell, RBC E) lymphoblast, proerythroblast, reticulocyte, band cell, RBC
C
55) The least numerous white blood cells in peripheral circulation are the A) neutrophils. B) eosinophils. C) basophils. D) lymphocytes. E) monocytes.
C
58) A normal WBC count is about ________ cells per microliter. A) 1,500-4,000 B) 1,800-7,300 C) 5,000-10,000 D) 150,000-500,000 E) 4.4 million-6 million.C
C
66) Which cell population of WBCs migrate to sites of injury and cross the capillary wall to accumulate within damaged tissues, where they discharge their granules into the interstitial fluids? A) monocytes B) eosinophils C) basophils D) lymphocytes E) neutrophils
C
67) Thrombocytopenia is defined as a deficiency of A) antibodies. B) erythrocytes. C) platelets. D) eosinophils. E) neutrophils.
C
72) The QRS complex on an ECG tracing represents A) atrial depolarization. B) atrial repolarization. C) ventricular depolarization. D) ventricular repolarization. E) ventricular contraction.
C
74) The property of heart muscle in which it contracts in the absence of neural or hormonal stimulation is called A) tamponade. B) thrombosis. C) autorhythmicity. D) arrhythmias. E) tetanus
C
76) The extrinsic and intrinsic pathways join at the common pathway through the activation of which clotting substance produced by the liver? A) albumin B) fibrinogen C) Factor X D) calcium E) vitamin K
C
77) The maximum rate of contraction in normal cardiac muscle fibers is approximately ________ per minute. A) 80 B) 140 C) 200 D) 250 E) 300+
C
80) The extrinsic pathway of coagulation is activated by A) the sticking of platelets to damaged tissue. B) the activation of proenzymes exposed to collagen. C) the release of tissue factor by damaged endothelium. D) the release of heparin from the liver. E) the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin
C
1) The heart is surrounded by the A) pleural cavity. B) peritoneal cavity. C) cardiac skeleton. D) pericardial cavity. E) coronary sinus.
D
11) Blood flowing from the left atrium to the left ventricle flows through the ________ valve. A) aortic B) tricuspid C) pulmonary D) bicuspid E) papillary
D
16) The muscular ridges found on the internal surfaces of the ventricles are collectively called (the) A) cardiac skeleton. B) chordae tendineae. C) papilla. D) trabeculae carneae. E) auricle.
D
18) Plasma and interstitial fluid account for most of the volume of ________ in the body. A) serum B) lymphatic fluid C) whole blood D) extracellular fluid E) packed blood
D
20) What is the chief difference between plasma and serum? A) amount of water B) quantity of electrolytes C) quantity of organic wastes D) presence/absence of clotting proteins E) concentration of glucose
D
20) ________ permit the exchange of nutrients, dissolved gases, and waste products between the blood and surrounding tissues. A) Veins B) Arteries C) Arterial trunks D) Capillaries E) Vena cavae
D
22) In adults, the stem cells responsible for the production of red and white blood cells originate primarily in the A) liver. B) thymus. C) spleen. D) red bone marrow. E) yellow bone marrow.
D
23) Which of the following correctly represents the layers associated with the heart from superficial to deep? A) parietal pericardium, visceral pericardium, endocardium, myocardium B) endocardium, myocardium, visceral pericardium, parietal pericardium C) visceral pericardium, parietal pericardium, myocardium, endocardium D) parietal pericardium, visceral pericardium, myocardium, endocardium E) myocardium, visceral pericardium, endocardium, parietal pericardium
D
33) The function of the cardiac skeleton is to A) convey blood away from the heart. B) supply blood to the muscle tissue of the heart. C) reduce friction between the opposing surfaces of the pericardial sac. D) stabilize the position of the heart valves. E) provide for the movement of ions and small molecules.
D
37) Which condition results from abnormally high levels of bilirubin in the plasma of blood? A) hematuria B) hypoxia C) hemoglobinuria D) jaundice E) thalassemia
D
41) A disorder resulting from the buildup of fatty deposits in the coronary arteries is called A) valvular heart disease. B) rheumatic heart disease. C) coronary thrombosis. D) coronary artery disease. E) heart block.
D
45) As blood flows through peripheral tissues, what occurs regarding the hemoglobin molecules of RBCs? A) Hemoglobin binds oxygen and releases its bound carbon dioxide. B) Hemoglobin releases carbon dioxide and oxygen. C) Hemoglobin binds oxygen and carbon dioxide. D) Hemoglobin binds carbon dioxide and releases its bound oxygen. E) Hemoglobin gains an increase in its oxygen-carrying capacity.
D
47) A person's blood type is determined by the A) size and shape of red blood cells. B) number of antibodies in the plasma. C) chemical character of hemoglobin. D) presence or absence of specific surface antigens on the plasma membrane. E) type of oxygen- and carbon dioxide-binding sites on the hemoglobin molecules.
D
48) Agglutinogens of the various blood types are examples of A) surface antibodies. B) channel proteins. C) leukocytes. D) surface antigens. E) agranulocytes
D
49) Agglutinins A) are surface antigens on RBCs. B) prevent blood clotting. C) are substances that can trigger a protective defense mechanism called an immune response. D) are antibodies that will attack surface antigens on RBCs of a different blood type. E) contain abundant stained "granules."
D
5) The skeleton of the heart consists of A) a reticular connective tissue within the myocardium. B) a bone in the interatrial septum. C) a bone in the interventricular septum. D) dense bands of tough, elastic connective tissue. E) fibrous connective tissue in the auricle of the atrium.
D
57) ________ is the characteristic of WBCs that allow them to enter surrounding tissue by squeezing between adjacent epithelial cells in the capillary wall. A) Hemotaxis B) Positive chemotaxis C) Hemolysis D) Diapedesis E) Amoeboid movement
D
60) When foreign cells invade the body, one would most likely expect to see increased numbers of A) erythrocytes. B) eosinophils. C) basophils. D) lymphocytes. E) thrombocytes.
D
62) Neutrophils A) are agranulocytes. B) are not phagocytic. C) have multiple nuclei. D) are active in fighting bacterial infection. E) are responsible for specific defenses
D
7) The tricuspid valve is located A) in the opening of the aorta. B) in the opening of the pulmonary trunk. C) where the vena cavae join the right atrium. D) between the right atrium and right ventricle. E) between the left atrium and left ventricle.
D
73) The T wave of an ECG corresponds to A) atrial depolarization. B) atrial diastole. C) ventricular systole. D) ventricular repolarization. E) atrial repolarization.
D
73) The inherited condition resulting from the inadequate production of clotting factors is termed A) anemia. B) thalassemia. C) jaundice. D) hemophilia. E) leukopenia.
D
76) Abnormal patterns of cardiac activity are known as A) automaticity. B) ischemias. C) defibrillations. D) arrhythmias. E) contractility.
D
79) During rapid depolarization of a ventricular contractile cell, the voltage-gated sodium channels close when the membrane potential reaches approximately A) -90 mV. B) -30 mV. C) 0 mV. D) +30 mV. E) +90 mV
D
8) The interventricular septum receives blood from the A) marginal artery. B) right coronary artery. C) coronary sinus. D) left coronary artery. E) circumflex artery.
D
81) Why is atrial repolarization not illustrated on an ECG? A) Only ventricles repolarize. B) It is obscured by the T wave. C) Ventricular repolarization occurs at the same time and is much stronger. D) The QRS complex masks it. E) It is illustrated as the P wave.
D
82) The following are various components of the conducting system of the heart: 1. Purkinje cells 2. AV bundle 3. AV node 4. SA node 5. bundle branches The sequence in which an action potential would move through this system is A) 1, 4, 3, 2, 5. B) 3, 2, 4, 5, 1. C) 3, 5, 4, 2, 1. D) 4, 3, 2, 5, 1. E) 4, 2, 3, 5, 1.
D
84) Normal cardiac muscle is similar to normal skeletal muscle in terms of A) the duration of the action potentials, which last 250-300 msec. B) the duration of the resulting contractions. C) the refractory period, which continues until relaxation is under way. D) the appearance of calcium among the myofibrils. E) the appearance of summation of twitches.
D
85) In ECG tracings, extension of the P-R interval to more than 200 msec most likely can indicate which of the following? A) coronary ischemia or myocardial damage B) congenital heart defect C) electrolyte disturbances D) damage to the conducting pathways E) inadequate blood supply to the heart
D
2) The wall between the atria is called the A) ventricle. B) coronary sinus. C) coronary sulcus. D) auricle. E) interatrial septum.
E
22) Small tributaries from the branches of the coronary arteries form interconnections called A) infarcts. B) auricles. C) regurgitations. D) trabeculae carneae. E) anastomoses.
E
3) The process of blood clotting is an example of which function of blood? A) stabilizing body temperature B) transporting dissolved gases, nutrients, hormones, and metabolic wastes C) defending against toxins and pathogens D) regulating the pH and ion composition of interstitial fluids E) restricting fluid losses at injury sites
E
32) In the process of hemoglobin recycling, each heme molecule is stripped of its iron and converted to which pigmented organic compound? A) urobilin B) bilirubin C) stercobilin D) transferrin E) biliverdin
E
35) The marginal artery branches off the A) aorta. B) left coronary artery. C) interventricular artery. D) coronary sinus. E) right coronary artery
E
42) A toxin that blocks the stomach's ability to release intrinsic factor would most likely cause A) hemophilia. B) an embolism. C) leukopenia. D) iron deficiency anemia. E) pernicious anemia.
E
42) Deoxygenated blood is carried away from the right ventricle by the A) pulmonary arteries. B) pulmonary veins. C) aorta. D) inferior vena cava. E) pulmonary trunk
E
44) Without mitochondria, RBCs are relatively inefficient in terms of energy production. However, there is an advantage to RBC function. What is this advantage? A) It ensures that its iron component will interact with the plasma protein transferrin. B) It stimulates the conversion of yellow bone marrow to red bone marrow. C) It stimulates the absorption of vitamin B12. D) It ensures that its iron component is converted to bilirubin. E) It ensures that any oxygen the RBCs absorb will be delivered to peripheral tissues.
E
47) Which statement is correct regarding the heart wall? A) The endothelium consists of cardiac muscle tissue, blood vessels, and nerves. B) The myocardium is comprised of a simple squamous epithelium and an underlying layer of areolar tissue. C) The endocardium is the visceral pericardium. D) The cardiac muscle tissue forms bands that wrap around the ventricles and spiral into the wall of the atria. E) The epicardium is a serous membrane that consists of an exposed epithelium and an underlying layer of areolar tissue.
E
51) Bill wants to determine his blood type, so he takes a few drops of blood from a puncture wound in his finger and mixes it with various antisera. His blood cells agglutinate when mixed with the anti-A serum and anti-Rh serum, but not with the anti-B serum. This means A) Bill could receive type B blood in a transfusion. B) Bill could donate blood to an individual with type AB blood. C) Bill is Rh-negative. D) Bill's plasma would cross-react with type O negative red blood cells. E) Bill's plasma contains anti-B antibodies.
E
53) Which of the following is an agranulocyte? A) erythrocyte B) basophil C) neutrophil D) eosinophil E) monocyte
E
54) The primary function of white blood cells is to A) remove carbon dioxide from active cells. B) clump together and stick to the blood vessel walls. C) carry oxygen from the lungs to the body's cells. D) carry nutrients from the digestive system to the body's cells. E) help defend the body against pathogens.
E
59) Pus associated with infected wounds contains which type of white blood cell? A) basophils B) lymphocytes C) eosinophils D) monocytes E) neutrophils
E
61) A sample of tissue from an injury shows a large number of eosinophils. This would indicate that the tissue was A) abscessed. B) inflamed. C) being rejected. D) infected by viruses. E) infected by parasites.
E
64) ________ are large phagocytic WBCs that remain in circulation for only about 24 hours before entering peripheral tissues to become tissue macrophages. A) Neutrophils B) Eosinophils C) Basophils D) Lymphocytes E) Monocytes
E
65) The white blood cells that are important in leaving the blood vessels and phagocytizing large materials, releasing chemicals that draw fibroblasts to the injured areas, are A) neutrophils. B) eosinophils. C) basophils. D) lymphocytes. E) monocytes.
E
74) As repairs proceed, a blood clot gradually dissolves in a process that begins with the activation of A) Factor X. B) thrombin. C) fibrinogen. D) prothrombin. E) plasminogen.
E
78) If the AV node does not receive action potentials generated by the SA node, A) the ventricles will beat faster. B) the ventricular rate of contraction will not be affected. C) the stroke volume will increase. D) tachycardia will occur. E) it will establish a heart rate of 40-60 bpm.
E
79) The common pathway of coagulation ends with A) the sticking of platelets to damaged tissue. B) the activation of a proenzyme exposed to collagen. C) the release of tissue factor by damaged endothelium. D) the activation of a clotting factor that converts prothrombin to thrombin. E) the activation of a clotting factor that converts fibrinogen to fibrin.
E
80) During repolarization, ________ ions rush out of the ventricular contractile cell. A) sodium B) calcium C) magnesium D) selenium E) potassium
E
82) During fibrinolysis, which enzyme begins digesting the fibrin strands, breaking down the clot? A) Factor X B) clotting Factor VII C) thrombin D) fibrinogen E) plasmin
E
88) Which event marks the beginning of the cardiac cycle? A) ventricular systole B) atrial diastole C) atrial arrhythmia D) ventricular diastole E) atrial systole
E
89) When a chamber fills with blood and is preparing to begin the next cardiac cycle, that chamber is A) in systole. B) in arrhythmia. C) contracting. D) depolarizing. E) in diastole.
E
90) During ventricular systole, A) the ventricles are relaxed. B) blood is entering the ventricle. C) the semilunar valves remain closed. D) the pressure in the ventricles decreases. E) the ventricles are contracting.
E
93) Following are events that occur during the cardiac cycle. 1. Ventricular pressure increases and exceeds pressure in the arteries. 2. Ventricles fill passively. 3. Atrial relaxation begins. 4. Atrial contraction forces a small amount of additional blood into relaxed ventricles. 5. Pressure in ventricles drops and blood flows back against cusps of semilunar valves, forcing them closed. 6. Ventricular contraction pushes AV valves closed. Choose the correct order of events in the cardiac cycle. A) 4, 6, 3, 1, 2, 5 B) 2, 6, 1, 4, 3, 5 C) 3, 6, 1, 5, 4, 2 D) 2, 5, 1, 6, 3, 4 E) 4, 3, 6, 1, 5, 2
E
