Exam 3 American Government

National party conventions are held every

4 years

________ are independent, nonprofit groups that receive and distribute funds to influence the nomination, election, and/or defeat of a candidate.

527 committees

The average U.S. House district currently has roughly ________ people.

700,000

After the Civil War, African American men were more likely to vote for which party?

Democratic Party

The two major parties in the United States during the 1830s and 1840s were the ________ and the ________.

Democrats; Whigs

This organization which started in the 1980s tracks money in U.S. politics and its effect on elections and public policy and has a website?

FEC

Who was the last Republican presidential candidate to win the popular vote in U.S. elections?

George Wallace

The first caucus in the presidential primary campaign is held in ________, while the first primary election in the presidential primary campaign is held in ________.

Iowa;new Hampshire

Support for the Republican Party currently comes from the

South and Mountain West

In a roll-call vote,

a congressional voting procedure that consists of members answering "yea" or "nay" to their names.

Men are more likely than women to prioritize economic and national security issues. Women are more likely to prioritize healthcare and education issues. The difference in who men and women tend to vote for is known as

a gender gap

A runoff election is most likely to occur in which kind of electoral system?

a majority system

In the context of elections and national conventions, what is a delegate?

a person selected to represent a group of people in some political assembly of the United States

According to journalists this popular political figure political strategy encompasses elements of the past Southern Strategy.

a political strategy to increase white voter turnout in southern states in light of demographic changes.

A procedure that allows voters to remove state officials from office before their terms expire is called a

a recall election

The Jeffersonian Republicans were best known for their support of

a week national government with the states retaining most powers

What is a general election?

an election where all the party winners of the primary election run against each other.

In Congress, the term whip refers to

an official of a political party whose task is to ensure party discipline in a legislature.

Early presidential primaries and caucuses are more important because they

can help a candidate secure media attention and finical support

During the late 1840s and early 1850s, both the Democratic and Whig parties were divided by

conflicts over slavery

One of the earliest activities in which party workers engage once the general election campaign begins is

ensuring that citizens are registered to vote.

Which list of issue positions is most likely to be supported by the national leadership of the Democratic Party?

expanding funding for education, public spending for infrastructure, and raising taxes on the wealthy and corporations

When Richard Nixon employed his "southern strategy," he

exploiting hostility to black protest and new civil rights policies, wooing white Southerners and considerable number of northern voters away from Democrats.

The first party system was characterized by conflict between the ________ and the ________.

federalists;jeffersonian republicans

A closed or an open rule refers to congressional provisions regarding

floor debate on a bill.

A referendum is the

gives voters a chance to approve or disapprove proposed legislation or a proposed constitutional amendment.

Which of the following is an "outsider" strategy?

grassroots mobilization

Which of the following statements best describes the representation of women and minorities in the U.S. Congress?

has increased during the past two decades, but is not comparable to their proportions in the general population.

The Christian Coalition is a(n) ________ group.

ideological

The Teamsters and the American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL-CIO) are examples of ________ groups.

labor

Which list of issue positions is most likely to be supported by the national leadership of the Republican Party?

maintaining high levels of military spending, instituting tax relief for upper-income voters, and reducing corporate taxes

When Nancy Pelosi became Speaker of the House in 2018, her selection was made by the

majority party

In addition to nominating a presidential candidate, national party conventions are important because they

make rules concerning delegate selection for future primaries and draft the party's platform.

During midterm elections, voters are selecting

members of congress

An advertisement emailed only to evangelical Christian voters about a Democratic candidate's support for abortion would be an example of

micro-targeting

________ is the practice of tailoring campaign messages to individuals in small, homogenous groups.

micro-targeting

The political party that holds fewer seats in the Senate than any other party is known as the

minority party

Which of the following groups is most likely to affiliate with the Republican Party?

old white voters

How can Congress override a president's veto?

only by a two-thirds vote in both the Senate and the House.

A(n) ________ occurs when a voter can wait until the day of the primary to choose which party to enroll in to select candidates for the general election.

open primary

________ involves intentionally manipulating district boundaries to unfairly advantage one party over the other.

partisan gerrymandering

A party's ________ contains its philosophy, principles, and policy positions.

platform

An election where the winner is the person who receives the most votes, regardless of the percentage of votes received, is called a ________ system.

plurality

In order for a political party to select a candidate to run in the general election, it holds a(n)

primary election

In a ________ election, voters choose the nominees for their parties. In a ________ election, voters choose who they want to be officeholders.

primary;general

To create the New Deal coalition, Franklin Roosevelt:

provided old age insurance for retirees over 65, an unemployment compensation system, and aid to families with dependent children and the disabled

The National Conference of State Legislatures is a good example of a

public sector interest group

The primary function of a PAC is to

raise and distribute funds to advocate the political goals of its members.

Which of the following is the best example of direct democracy in the United States?

referendum

During the 1980s, the Republicans added ________ to their coalition.

religious conservatives and working-class whites

The Help America Vote Act of 2003

required that the states offer provisional ballots for those persons whose names were not on the voter list and required that the states create standards for counting disputed ballots to avoid an outcome similar to Florida in 2000.

Political parties hold primary elections or caucuses in order to

select a single candidate to represent the party in the general election

What issue led to the demise of the Whig Party?

slavery

Third parties in the United States typically represent

social and economic interests that are disregarded by the two major parties for certain reasons.

"Dark money" comes from

spending to influence elections where the source of the money is not disclosed to voters. In the United States, some types of nonprofit organizations may spend money on campaigns without disclosing who their donors are.

If a citizen votes for a Republican for president and a Democrat for senator, he or she has engaged in

split-ticket voting

When an American voter supports only one party's candidates, he or she is said to be voting a ________ ticket.

straight

What is partisanship?

strong allegiance to one's own political party, often leading to unwillingness to compromise with members of the opposing party.

This far right group engages in violence to carry out their political interests and concerns

terrorism

Emerging in the late 1780s, America's first two political parties were the

the Federalists and the Jeffersonian Republicans

Despite the strength of the Republican Party in the South, Democrats have been able to retain some southern congressional seats due to the

the Redemption

The electoral college is

the group of people (electors) chosen from each state and the district of Columbia to formally select the President and Vice President

The legalization of same-sex marriage in Obergefell v. Hodges illustrates the impact

the impact that an interest group can have through a litigation strategy

Which statement about party identification in the United States is most accurate?

the number of people identifying as Democrats has outnumbered Republican identifiers for a long time.

Which of the following is the best definition of redistricting?

the process or redrawing electoral districts every 10 years

In an iron triangle, the interest group

the relationship between congress(especially Sub-Committees), Government agencies(Bureaucracy), and interest groups

Which party system saw the formation of the Republican party out of the remnants of the Whig party and had conflicts over slavery as one of the dominant political issues?

the second party system

The Heritage Foundation and Human Rights Watch are best categorized as

think tanks

In a proportional representation electoral system

type of electoral system under which subgroups of an electorate are reflected proportionately in the elected body

Under a system of ranked-choice voting

voters rank candidates by 1st, 2nd, and 3rd choice.

Which was a popular campaign slogan during the 2020 Presidential Campaign

"Keep America Great" and "Promises Made, Promises Kept"

The three most important tasks accomplished at a party's national convention are nominating the party's

1) naming the party's presidential and vice-presidential candidates, 2) promoting party unity, and 3) adopting the party's platform.

The boundaries of legislative districts in the United States are to be redrawn every ________ years.

10

In order to win the presidency, a candidate must win

270. In order to become president, a candidate must win more than half of the votes in the Electoral College.

Both 527 committees and 501(c)(4)s

are limited to spending $100,000 per candidate per election- are not required to disc lose where they got their funds- can spend unlimited amounts of political advocacy as long as their efforts are not coordinated with those of any candidates campaigns

A filibuster allows members of the Senate to

attempt for the minority of senators to "talk a bill to death", or stall to prevent Senate action on a measure so the bill might have to either drop the bill or change it in some way acceptable to the minority.

A(n) ________is the practice of referring a proposed law passed by the legislature to a vote. A(n) ________ is a proposed law or policy change that is placed on the ballot by citizens or interest groups for a vote.

ballot initiative

Imagine that you are one of the Framers of the Constitution and want to design a legislature with two chambers. Which type of legislature would that be?

bicameral legislature

In the Senate, the most senior leadership role is ________. In the House, the most senior leadership role is ________.

dean of the senate; dean of the house

Since the 1930s, most African Americans have identified as

democrats

All of the following are responsibilities of a party's national committee EXCEPT

determining committee assignments for members of Congress.