Exam 3 American Government
National party conventions are held every
4 years
________ are independent, nonprofit groups that receive and distribute funds to influence the nomination, election, and/or defeat of a candidate.
527 committees
The average U.S. House district currently has roughly ________ people.
700,000
After the Civil War, African American men were more likely to vote for which party?
Democratic Party
The two major parties in the United States during the 1830s and 1840s were the ________ and the ________.
Democrats; Whigs
This organization which started in the 1980s tracks money in U.S. politics and its effect on elections and public policy and has a website?
FEC
Who was the last Republican presidential candidate to win the popular vote in U.S. elections?
George Wallace
The first caucus in the presidential primary campaign is held in ________, while the first primary election in the presidential primary campaign is held in ________.
Iowa;new Hampshire
Support for the Republican Party currently comes from the
South and Mountain West
In a roll-call vote,
a congressional voting procedure that consists of members answering "yea" or "nay" to their names.
Men are more likely than women to prioritize economic and national security issues. Women are more likely to prioritize healthcare and education issues. The difference in who men and women tend to vote for is known as
a gender gap
A runoff election is most likely to occur in which kind of electoral system?
a majority system
In the context of elections and national conventions, what is a delegate?
a person selected to represent a group of people in some political assembly of the United States
According to journalists this popular political figure political strategy encompasses elements of the past Southern Strategy.
a political strategy to increase white voter turnout in southern states in light of demographic changes.
A procedure that allows voters to remove state officials from office before their terms expire is called a
a recall election
The Jeffersonian Republicans were best known for their support of
a week national government with the states retaining most powers
What is a general election?
an election where all the party winners of the primary election run against each other.
In Congress, the term whip refers to
an official of a political party whose task is to ensure party discipline in a legislature.
Early presidential primaries and caucuses are more important because they
can help a candidate secure media attention and finical support
During the late 1840s and early 1850s, both the Democratic and Whig parties were divided by
conflicts over slavery
One of the earliest activities in which party workers engage once the general election campaign begins is
ensuring that citizens are registered to vote.
Which list of issue positions is most likely to be supported by the national leadership of the Democratic Party?
expanding funding for education, public spending for infrastructure, and raising taxes on the wealthy and corporations
When Richard Nixon employed his "southern strategy," he
exploiting hostility to black protest and new civil rights policies, wooing white Southerners and considerable number of northern voters away from Democrats.
The first party system was characterized by conflict between the ________ and the ________.
federalists;jeffersonian republicans
A closed or an open rule refers to congressional provisions regarding
floor debate on a bill.
A referendum is the
gives voters a chance to approve or disapprove proposed legislation or a proposed constitutional amendment.
Which of the following is an "outsider" strategy?
grassroots mobilization
Which of the following statements best describes the representation of women and minorities in the U.S. Congress?
has increased during the past two decades, but is not comparable to their proportions in the general population.
The Christian Coalition is a(n) ________ group.
ideological
The Teamsters and the American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL-CIO) are examples of ________ groups.
labor
Which list of issue positions is most likely to be supported by the national leadership of the Republican Party?
maintaining high levels of military spending, instituting tax relief for upper-income voters, and reducing corporate taxes
When Nancy Pelosi became Speaker of the House in 2018, her selection was made by the
majority party
In addition to nominating a presidential candidate, national party conventions are important because they
make rules concerning delegate selection for future primaries and draft the party's platform.
During midterm elections, voters are selecting
members of congress
An advertisement emailed only to evangelical Christian voters about a Democratic candidate's support for abortion would be an example of
micro-targeting
________ is the practice of tailoring campaign messages to individuals in small, homogenous groups.
micro-targeting
The political party that holds fewer seats in the Senate than any other party is known as the
minority party
Which of the following groups is most likely to affiliate with the Republican Party?
old white voters
How can Congress override a president's veto?
only by a two-thirds vote in both the Senate and the House.
A(n) ________ occurs when a voter can wait until the day of the primary to choose which party to enroll in to select candidates for the general election.
open primary
________ involves intentionally manipulating district boundaries to unfairly advantage one party over the other.
partisan gerrymandering
A party's ________ contains its philosophy, principles, and policy positions.
platform
An election where the winner is the person who receives the most votes, regardless of the percentage of votes received, is called a ________ system.
plurality
In order for a political party to select a candidate to run in the general election, it holds a(n)
primary election
In a ________ election, voters choose the nominees for their parties. In a ________ election, voters choose who they want to be officeholders.
primary;general
To create the New Deal coalition, Franklin Roosevelt:
provided old age insurance for retirees over 65, an unemployment compensation system, and aid to families with dependent children and the disabled
The National Conference of State Legislatures is a good example of a
public sector interest group
The primary function of a PAC is to
raise and distribute funds to advocate the political goals of its members.
Which of the following is the best example of direct democracy in the United States?
referendum
During the 1980s, the Republicans added ________ to their coalition.
religious conservatives and working-class whites
The Help America Vote Act of 2003
required that the states offer provisional ballots for those persons whose names were not on the voter list and required that the states create standards for counting disputed ballots to avoid an outcome similar to Florida in 2000.
Political parties hold primary elections or caucuses in order to
select a single candidate to represent the party in the general election
What issue led to the demise of the Whig Party?
slavery
Third parties in the United States typically represent
social and economic interests that are disregarded by the two major parties for certain reasons.
"Dark money" comes from
spending to influence elections where the source of the money is not disclosed to voters. In the United States, some types of nonprofit organizations may spend money on campaigns without disclosing who their donors are.
If a citizen votes for a Republican for president and a Democrat for senator, he or she has engaged in
split-ticket voting
When an American voter supports only one party's candidates, he or she is said to be voting a ________ ticket.
straight
What is partisanship?
strong allegiance to one's own political party, often leading to unwillingness to compromise with members of the opposing party.
This far right group engages in violence to carry out their political interests and concerns
terrorism
Emerging in the late 1780s, America's first two political parties were the
the Federalists and the Jeffersonian Republicans
Despite the strength of the Republican Party in the South, Democrats have been able to retain some southern congressional seats due to the
the Redemption
The electoral college is
the group of people (electors) chosen from each state and the district of Columbia to formally select the President and Vice President
The legalization of same-sex marriage in Obergefell v. Hodges illustrates the impact
the impact that an interest group can have through a litigation strategy
Which statement about party identification in the United States is most accurate?
the number of people identifying as Democrats has outnumbered Republican identifiers for a long time.
Which of the following is the best definition of redistricting?
the process or redrawing electoral districts every 10 years
In an iron triangle, the interest group
the relationship between congress(especially Sub-Committees), Government agencies(Bureaucracy), and interest groups
Which party system saw the formation of the Republican party out of the remnants of the Whig party and had conflicts over slavery as one of the dominant political issues?
the second party system
The Heritage Foundation and Human Rights Watch are best categorized as
think tanks
In a proportional representation electoral system
type of electoral system under which subgroups of an electorate are reflected proportionately in the elected body
Under a system of ranked-choice voting
voters rank candidates by 1st, 2nd, and 3rd choice.
Which was a popular campaign slogan during the 2020 Presidential Campaign
"Keep America Great" and "Promises Made, Promises Kept"
The three most important tasks accomplished at a party's national convention are nominating the party's
1) naming the party's presidential and vice-presidential candidates, 2) promoting party unity, and 3) adopting the party's platform.
The boundaries of legislative districts in the United States are to be redrawn every ________ years.
10
In order to win the presidency, a candidate must win
270. In order to become president, a candidate must win more than half of the votes in the Electoral College.
Both 527 committees and 501(c)(4)s
are limited to spending $100,000 per candidate per election- are not required to disc lose where they got their funds- can spend unlimited amounts of political advocacy as long as their efforts are not coordinated with those of any candidates campaigns
A filibuster allows members of the Senate to
attempt for the minority of senators to "talk a bill to death", or stall to prevent Senate action on a measure so the bill might have to either drop the bill or change it in some way acceptable to the minority.
A(n) ________is the practice of referring a proposed law passed by the legislature to a vote. A(n) ________ is a proposed law or policy change that is placed on the ballot by citizens or interest groups for a vote.
ballot initiative
Imagine that you are one of the Framers of the Constitution and want to design a legislature with two chambers. Which type of legislature would that be?
bicameral legislature
In the Senate, the most senior leadership role is ________. In the House, the most senior leadership role is ________.
dean of the senate; dean of the house
Since the 1930s, most African Americans have identified as
democrats
All of the following are responsibilities of a party's national committee EXCEPT
determining committee assignments for members of Congress.