Exam #3 Chapters 1-3

third parties

America's plurality, or winner-take-all, system of electing candidates works to the disadvantage of?

by using resources and joining discussions on social media

How do Americans participate virtually in politics?

vote

Suffrage is the right to ___?

Progressive Party

The strongest reform party in U.S. history was?

winner-take-all system

What is another name for the plurality system?

congress

Where in America politics is the impact of public opinion felt most clearly?

To prevent individuals from voting multiple times in the same election

Why did states start registering voters?

identification

A person's sense of loyalty to a political party is known as party ___?

build support among voters

All party organizations have a responsibility to?

increased fraud

Although many people believe it is insignificant, which of the following may result if ID's are not required for voting?

candidate

Although party organizations still manage many tasks related to elections, the lead role in elections now lies with the ___?

More likely

As compared to other democracies, how likely are Americans to contribute time and money to political and community organizations?

constantly work to raise funds

Because of the increasing cost of political campaigns, candidates must?

higher

Citizens who are party identifiers have ____ levels of voter turnout rates than those who identify as independent?

two-party system

Current election laws in the United States favor?

free trade

During the Trump presidency, the opinions of and policies supported by congressional Republicans regarding a specific issue changed, illustrating how abrupt shifts in public opinion can alter the boundaries of acceptable action. On which issue did Republicans change their opinion?

social capital

Harvard's Robert Putnam refers to the sum of face-to-face civic interactions among citizens in a society as?

They viewed political parties with suspicion

How did many of the founders of the United States view political parties?

two

How many major political parties are there in the United States today?

60

In the United States, the voter turnout rate in the presidential elections tends to hover around ___%?

in response to major events

Massive shifts in party identification are most likely to occur?

The United States has more elected posts than other countries do

More people in the United States participate in election campaigns than people in other countries do because?

cumulative

One characteristic of political socialization is that its effects are?

Church-related groups Civic organizations School-related groups

Over 70 percent of Americans' political participation via community activities takes place in?

civic duty

People who believe that citizens ought to participate in political affairs are likely to describe voting as an exercise in?

canidate-centered campaigns

Political parties and their ability to control politics in the United States have been weakened by?

candidates' use of televised ads

Political scientist Darrell West uses the term air wars to describe?

intensity salience direction

Political scientists focus on which of the following dimensions when evaluating public opinion?

much higher

Senior citizens in the United Staes have a ___ rate of voter turnout than voters under the age of 30 do

voter registration election of governors election of U.S senators

State parties are involved in which activities?

a full-time chairperson

State party organization are usually small and are directed by?

raise awareness of sexual misconduct

The #MeToo movement's larger goal was to _____?

disparities in local officials' treatment of black and white citizens

The Black Lives Matter movement has sought, primarily, to highlight?

income inequality

The Occupy Wall Street movement was aimed predominantly at which issue?

government bailout of the financial industry during the financial crisis of 2008

The Occupy Wall Street movement, which began in 2011, was inspired by anger at the?

higher taxes government subsidies for health insurance

The Tea Party movement did not support which policy?

two-party

The U.S government functions as a(n) _____ system?

gender gap

The fact that more white women than white men vote for the Democratic Party is an example of a(n)?

agents

The political socialization process takes place through _____ of socialization?

public opinion

The politically relevant views that people hold and express openly are known as?

voter turnout

The proportion of eligible adult citizens who actually vote in a given election is known as?

identity politics

The situation where people align themselves politically with other members of a group they belong to, such as race or religion, is called?

sampling

Through various methods of random _____, pollsters attempt to select a subset of the population that is representative of the population's views.

The Tea Party movement

To date, what is the most successful of the recent political movements?

for many individuals, religion plays a significant role in their political opinions

To what extent does religious denomination affect views about public policy?

Heightens interest in voting

What role does party loyalty play in voting?

the killing of unarmed young Black men by police officers

What sparked the Black Lives Matter movement?

alienation

What term refers to a feeling of powerlessness, such as that rooted in the belief that government pays no attention to an individual's interests?

Unusually powerful and divisive issues A shift in voters' partisan support in elections An enduring change in the parties' policies and coalitions

What three basic elements are usually involved in a party realignment?

race religion geography

What three sources of division in the United States are now most closely linked to partisanship?

The Twenty-Sixth Amendment

Which amendment to the U.S Constitution extended voting rights to eighteen-year-olds?

religion family school

Which are primary socializing agents for children that can have a formative influence on children's beliefs?

Democratic Party & Republican Party

Which are the major political parties in the United States?

All white males

Which dest describes the voting electorate after the expansion of voting rights during the era of Jacksonian democracy?

Belgium

Which nation has the highest average voter turnout rate?

Democratic-Republicans & Federalists

Which two political parties were competitive during the first party system?

reform parties

Which type of third party arises from a belief that partisan politics is a corrupting influence that needs to be changes?

trustees

Who are representatives who take their constituents' desires into account when taking positions on policy issues, but do not always do exactly as their constituents wish?

Parkland students

Who led the impassioned plea for tougher gun control measures after the Parkland shooting?

family

Who shapes our political values and ideology from childhood and has the strongest impact on our political perspective?

Its goals were too at odds with American values

Why did the communist movement fail in America?

delegate

A representative who acts in response to what their constituencies say they want, no matter their own personal opinion.

open

A state that permits all registered voters, regardless of party affiliation, to vote in a primary election has what type of primary system?

closed

A state that prevents members of one political party from voting for another party's nominees has which type of primary?

the use of military force

According to recent polls, which of the following are men much more likely to support than women?

more

Compared to citizens in Europe, Americans are ____ likely to contribute time and money to political campaigns?

Participation

Free societies thrive on the ___ of citizens in the civic and political life of their communities?

producing promotional materials advising on how to run a successful campaign gathering voter opinions

Functions of political consultants?

against U.S military action

Generally, protests against who have not been popular in the United States.

It upheld the Indiana law

How did the Supreme Court rule on the Indiana law requiring citizens to obtain a government-issued voter identification card in order to vote?

17 and 23

In a properly drawn sample with a 3-percent sample error, 20% of 100 respondents indicate they intend to vote for a ballot measure. This means that there is high probability that between _____ & _____ percent of all voters actually plan to vote for the ballot measure?

sample; population

In a public opinion poll, a ____ is a portion of the ____

cultural conservatives

In general, Americans who believe that the government should use its power to promote traditional values are?

less

In general, protest activity is _____ common in the United States than in many Western democracies?

conservative values

In general, which political values do white evangelical protestants support?

political parties, individual contributors, and interest groups

In order to raise enough funds for their campaigns, political candidates raise money from?

the family

In terms of political socialization, which of the following is considered a primary agent?

occupation

In the United States, political opinions are affiliated more with ___ than with income?

presidential elections

Internet political participation peaks during?

young people

Of the following age groups, the political views of which one are most likely to be influenced when a major historical event occurs, such as a war or an economic depression?

civil rights social welfare

On which issues have regional differences persisted to the present day?

civil rights social welfare defense policy

On which issues have regional differences persisted to the present day?

top-two primaries

Primaries in which candidates of both parties are on the same ballot and the first and the first and second finishers compete in the general election are called?

public officials health care experts

Secondary socializing agents who influenced public opinion during the COVID-19 pandemic include?

coalition

The groups and interests that support a political party are collectively referred to as a party?

Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School

The movement against gun violence had a relatively low profile until the mass killing at?

people from less conservative areas have relocated to the South

The original regional divide between the North and South has been decreased by?

diminished

The overlap between groups has ___ in America's residential neighborhoods and workplaces.

socialization

The tendency of people to pay more attention to issue highlighted in the media is an example of?

group attachments ideological leanings party identification

The text explored which three major frames of reference through which Americans evaluate political developments?

their opinions are not yet deeply rooted

The views of younger citizens in particular are affected by major events because?

true

True or False: Americans are often inconsistent in their preferences with regard to government policy.

False

True or False: Local party organizations are stronger today than they were in the days of the political machines.

False

True or False: Local, state, and national party organizations are hierarchical in structure.

True

True or False: Saliency refers to how important people think an issue is compared to other issues.

False

True or False: The #Metoo movement did not have much of an impact on the people whose behavior it was targeting.

True

True or False: Voter turnout decreased in the United States once states enacted registration laws around 1900?

False

True or False: When the United States was founded, all white men were given the right to vote?

retrospective voting

Voting for a candidate's past performance rather than future promises is an example of what is called?

prospective voting

Voting for a candidate's promises rather than his or her past actions is an example of what is called?

they have shifted towards the Democrats

What has happened to the New England states since the 1980s?

A way for disenchanted citizens to voice their displeasure with government policy

What is a social or political movement?

sampling error

What is the degree of accuracy of a public opinion poll called?

the size of the sample

What is the key to a poll's accuracy?

95 percent

What percentage of party activists work within local political party organizations?

Less than 20 percent

What percentage of voters today cast a split ticket?

nonresponse rates have increased sharply

What problem has recently arisen in using telephone polling?

Black civil rights

What protest movement of the modern era has had the most lasting effect?

respondents are questioned about unfamiliar issues respondents reached by telephone refuse to participate respondents hide their true opinions

What reduces the accuracy of a poll?

ideology

What refers to a general belief about the role and purpose of government?

one or both major parties will try to co-opt the issue or issues that made the third party successful

What usually happens after a third party is relatively successful in attracting votes during a U.S national election?

The parties reorganize themselves

When a realignment in the electorate occurs, what happens?

split ticket

When casting a ____, citizens vote for candidates from different parties?

when they are revealed to others

When do private thoughts become public opinion?

early childhood

When does the process of political socialization begin?

moderate

When people grow up in a neighborhood that is diverse, due to crosscutting, they are most likely to develop what political opinions?

The Nineteenth Amendment

Which amendment to the Constitution granted women the right to vote in the United States?

terrorist attacks of 2001 the great depression of the 1930s World War II (1938-1945)

Which events has a lasting influence on the political views of younger citizens in particular?

highest 20 percent of income earners

Which group of Americans have the highest level of voter participation?

College-educated individuals Upper-income Americans

Which groups vote at above average rates?

The Republican Party has become stronger in the South and the Democratic Party had become stronger in the Northeast

Which is a reason that some schools think we have moved into a new party alignment?

random sampling

Which method of sampling gives everyone in a population an equal chance of being interviewed?

They operate at the local level They are open to all citizens

Which of the following are true of grassroots parties?

Class-based European organization encourage participation Americans face more voter registration requirements

Which of the following explain why Europeans with less education and income vote at higher rates in their countries than their American counterparts?

Voter registration laws Frequent elections

Which of the following factors are said to adversity affect voter turnout in the United States?

18-29 year olds African Americans Union members

Which of the following groups are currently most likely part of the Democratic coalition?

They change addresses frequently and need to re-register

Which of the following is a primary reason for low voter-turnout rates among young adults?

Lawmakers who supported federal spending and higher taxes

Which of the following lawmakers were the original targets of the Tea Party movement?

vote fatigue

Which of the following results from a high frequency of elections, such as having primary, general, and referenda elections?

They are usually part of presidential campaigns

Which of the following statements about televised debates in presidential campaigns are true?

Higher-income citizens are the most active because they have the resources to participate effectively

Which of the following statements correctly describes the relationship between income and political participation in the United States?

The same parties are represented nationwide Candidates organize their own campaigns

Which of the following statements describes how U.S campaigns are both party centered and candidate centered?