Exam #3 Chapters 1-3
third parties
America's plurality, or winner-take-all, system of electing candidates works to the disadvantage of?
by using resources and joining discussions on social media
How do Americans participate virtually in politics?
vote
Suffrage is the right to ___?
Progressive Party
The strongest reform party in U.S. history was?
winner-take-all system
What is another name for the plurality system?
congress
Where in America politics is the impact of public opinion felt most clearly?
To prevent individuals from voting multiple times in the same election
Why did states start registering voters?
identification
A person's sense of loyalty to a political party is known as party ___?
build support among voters
All party organizations have a responsibility to?
increased fraud
Although many people believe it is insignificant, which of the following may result if ID's are not required for voting?
candidate
Although party organizations still manage many tasks related to elections, the lead role in elections now lies with the ___?
More likely
As compared to other democracies, how likely are Americans to contribute time and money to political and community organizations?
constantly work to raise funds
Because of the increasing cost of political campaigns, candidates must?
higher
Citizens who are party identifiers have ____ levels of voter turnout rates than those who identify as independent?
two-party system
Current election laws in the United States favor?
free trade
During the Trump presidency, the opinions of and policies supported by congressional Republicans regarding a specific issue changed, illustrating how abrupt shifts in public opinion can alter the boundaries of acceptable action. On which issue did Republicans change their opinion?
social capital
Harvard's Robert Putnam refers to the sum of face-to-face civic interactions among citizens in a society as?
They viewed political parties with suspicion
How did many of the founders of the United States view political parties?
two
How many major political parties are there in the United States today?
60
In the United States, the voter turnout rate in the presidential elections tends to hover around ___%?
in response to major events
Massive shifts in party identification are most likely to occur?
The United States has more elected posts than other countries do
More people in the United States participate in election campaigns than people in other countries do because?
cumulative
One characteristic of political socialization is that its effects are?
Church-related groups Civic organizations School-related groups
Over 70 percent of Americans' political participation via community activities takes place in?
civic duty
People who believe that citizens ought to participate in political affairs are likely to describe voting as an exercise in?
canidate-centered campaigns
Political parties and their ability to control politics in the United States have been weakened by?
candidates' use of televised ads
Political scientist Darrell West uses the term air wars to describe?
intensity salience direction
Political scientists focus on which of the following dimensions when evaluating public opinion?
much higher
Senior citizens in the United Staes have a ___ rate of voter turnout than voters under the age of 30 do
voter registration election of governors election of U.S senators
State parties are involved in which activities?
a full-time chairperson
State party organization are usually small and are directed by?
raise awareness of sexual misconduct
The #MeToo movement's larger goal was to _____?
disparities in local officials' treatment of black and white citizens
The Black Lives Matter movement has sought, primarily, to highlight?
income inequality
The Occupy Wall Street movement was aimed predominantly at which issue?
government bailout of the financial industry during the financial crisis of 2008
The Occupy Wall Street movement, which began in 2011, was inspired by anger at the?
higher taxes government subsidies for health insurance
The Tea Party movement did not support which policy?
two-party
The U.S government functions as a(n) _____ system?
gender gap
The fact that more white women than white men vote for the Democratic Party is an example of a(n)?
agents
The political socialization process takes place through _____ of socialization?
public opinion
The politically relevant views that people hold and express openly are known as?
voter turnout
The proportion of eligible adult citizens who actually vote in a given election is known as?
identity politics
The situation where people align themselves politically with other members of a group they belong to, such as race or religion, is called?
sampling
Through various methods of random _____, pollsters attempt to select a subset of the population that is representative of the population's views.
The Tea Party movement
To date, what is the most successful of the recent political movements?
for many individuals, religion plays a significant role in their political opinions
To what extent does religious denomination affect views about public policy?
Heightens interest in voting
What role does party loyalty play in voting?
the killing of unarmed young Black men by police officers
What sparked the Black Lives Matter movement?
alienation
What term refers to a feeling of powerlessness, such as that rooted in the belief that government pays no attention to an individual's interests?
Unusually powerful and divisive issues A shift in voters' partisan support in elections An enduring change in the parties' policies and coalitions
What three basic elements are usually involved in a party realignment?
race religion geography
What three sources of division in the United States are now most closely linked to partisanship?
The Twenty-Sixth Amendment
Which amendment to the U.S Constitution extended voting rights to eighteen-year-olds?
religion family school
Which are primary socializing agents for children that can have a formative influence on children's beliefs?
Democratic Party & Republican Party
Which are the major political parties in the United States?
All white males
Which dest describes the voting electorate after the expansion of voting rights during the era of Jacksonian democracy?
Belgium
Which nation has the highest average voter turnout rate?
Democratic-Republicans & Federalists
Which two political parties were competitive during the first party system?
reform parties
Which type of third party arises from a belief that partisan politics is a corrupting influence that needs to be changes?
trustees
Who are representatives who take their constituents' desires into account when taking positions on policy issues, but do not always do exactly as their constituents wish?
Parkland students
Who led the impassioned plea for tougher gun control measures after the Parkland shooting?
family
Who shapes our political values and ideology from childhood and has the strongest impact on our political perspective?
Its goals were too at odds with American values
Why did the communist movement fail in America?
delegate
A representative who acts in response to what their constituencies say they want, no matter their own personal opinion.
open
A state that permits all registered voters, regardless of party affiliation, to vote in a primary election has what type of primary system?
closed
A state that prevents members of one political party from voting for another party's nominees has which type of primary?
the use of military force
According to recent polls, which of the following are men much more likely to support than women?
more
Compared to citizens in Europe, Americans are ____ likely to contribute time and money to political campaigns?
Participation
Free societies thrive on the ___ of citizens in the civic and political life of their communities?
producing promotional materials advising on how to run a successful campaign gathering voter opinions
Functions of political consultants?
against U.S military action
Generally, protests against who have not been popular in the United States.
It upheld the Indiana law
How did the Supreme Court rule on the Indiana law requiring citizens to obtain a government-issued voter identification card in order to vote?
17 and 23
In a properly drawn sample with a 3-percent sample error, 20% of 100 respondents indicate they intend to vote for a ballot measure. This means that there is high probability that between _____ & _____ percent of all voters actually plan to vote for the ballot measure?
sample; population
In a public opinion poll, a ____ is a portion of the ____
cultural conservatives
In general, Americans who believe that the government should use its power to promote traditional values are?
less
In general, protest activity is _____ common in the United States than in many Western democracies?
conservative values
In general, which political values do white evangelical protestants support?
political parties, individual contributors, and interest groups
In order to raise enough funds for their campaigns, political candidates raise money from?
the family
In terms of political socialization, which of the following is considered a primary agent?
occupation
In the United States, political opinions are affiliated more with ___ than with income?
presidential elections
Internet political participation peaks during?
young people
Of the following age groups, the political views of which one are most likely to be influenced when a major historical event occurs, such as a war or an economic depression?
civil rights social welfare
On which issues have regional differences persisted to the present day?
civil rights social welfare defense policy
On which issues have regional differences persisted to the present day?
top-two primaries
Primaries in which candidates of both parties are on the same ballot and the first and the first and second finishers compete in the general election are called?
public officials health care experts
Secondary socializing agents who influenced public opinion during the COVID-19 pandemic include?
coalition
The groups and interests that support a political party are collectively referred to as a party?
Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School
The movement against gun violence had a relatively low profile until the mass killing at?
people from less conservative areas have relocated to the South
The original regional divide between the North and South has been decreased by?
diminished
The overlap between groups has ___ in America's residential neighborhoods and workplaces.
socialization
The tendency of people to pay more attention to issue highlighted in the media is an example of?
group attachments ideological leanings party identification
The text explored which three major frames of reference through which Americans evaluate political developments?
their opinions are not yet deeply rooted
The views of younger citizens in particular are affected by major events because?
true
True or False: Americans are often inconsistent in their preferences with regard to government policy.
False
True or False: Local party organizations are stronger today than they were in the days of the political machines.
False
True or False: Local, state, and national party organizations are hierarchical in structure.
True
True or False: Saliency refers to how important people think an issue is compared to other issues.
False
True or False: The #Metoo movement did not have much of an impact on the people whose behavior it was targeting.
True
True or False: Voter turnout decreased in the United States once states enacted registration laws around 1900?
False
True or False: When the United States was founded, all white men were given the right to vote?
retrospective voting
Voting for a candidate's past performance rather than future promises is an example of what is called?
prospective voting
Voting for a candidate's promises rather than his or her past actions is an example of what is called?
they have shifted towards the Democrats
What has happened to the New England states since the 1980s?
A way for disenchanted citizens to voice their displeasure with government policy
What is a social or political movement?
sampling error
What is the degree of accuracy of a public opinion poll called?
the size of the sample
What is the key to a poll's accuracy?
95 percent
What percentage of party activists work within local political party organizations?
Less than 20 percent
What percentage of voters today cast a split ticket?
nonresponse rates have increased sharply
What problem has recently arisen in using telephone polling?
Black civil rights
What protest movement of the modern era has had the most lasting effect?
respondents are questioned about unfamiliar issues respondents reached by telephone refuse to participate respondents hide their true opinions
What reduces the accuracy of a poll?
ideology
What refers to a general belief about the role and purpose of government?
one or both major parties will try to co-opt the issue or issues that made the third party successful
What usually happens after a third party is relatively successful in attracting votes during a U.S national election?
The parties reorganize themselves
When a realignment in the electorate occurs, what happens?
split ticket
When casting a ____, citizens vote for candidates from different parties?
when they are revealed to others
When do private thoughts become public opinion?
early childhood
When does the process of political socialization begin?
moderate
When people grow up in a neighborhood that is diverse, due to crosscutting, they are most likely to develop what political opinions?
The Nineteenth Amendment
Which amendment to the Constitution granted women the right to vote in the United States?
terrorist attacks of 2001 the great depression of the 1930s World War II (1938-1945)
Which events has a lasting influence on the political views of younger citizens in particular?
highest 20 percent of income earners
Which group of Americans have the highest level of voter participation?
College-educated individuals Upper-income Americans
Which groups vote at above average rates?
The Republican Party has become stronger in the South and the Democratic Party had become stronger in the Northeast
Which is a reason that some schools think we have moved into a new party alignment?
random sampling
Which method of sampling gives everyone in a population an equal chance of being interviewed?
They operate at the local level They are open to all citizens
Which of the following are true of grassroots parties?
Class-based European organization encourage participation Americans face more voter registration requirements
Which of the following explain why Europeans with less education and income vote at higher rates in their countries than their American counterparts?
Voter registration laws Frequent elections
Which of the following factors are said to adversity affect voter turnout in the United States?
18-29 year olds African Americans Union members
Which of the following groups are currently most likely part of the Democratic coalition?
They change addresses frequently and need to re-register
Which of the following is a primary reason for low voter-turnout rates among young adults?
Lawmakers who supported federal spending and higher taxes
Which of the following lawmakers were the original targets of the Tea Party movement?
vote fatigue
Which of the following results from a high frequency of elections, such as having primary, general, and referenda elections?
They are usually part of presidential campaigns
Which of the following statements about televised debates in presidential campaigns are true?
Higher-income citizens are the most active because they have the resources to participate effectively
Which of the following statements correctly describes the relationship between income and political participation in the United States?
The same parties are represented nationwide Candidates organize their own campaigns
Which of the following statements describes how U.S campaigns are both party centered and candidate centered?