EXAM 3 NUTRITION

What is the Estimated Energy Requirements for a 19 years old girl (5'4''; 135 lbs)? Please choose the closest answer. Mifflin-St. Jeor Equation: Males: kcal/d = 10 (wt in kg) + 6.25 (ht in cm) - 5 (age in yrs) + 5 Females: kcal/d = 10 (wt in kg) + 6.25 (ht in cm) - 5 (age in yrs) - 161 a. 1374 kcal b. 1540 kcal ​c. 1750 kcal d. ​1613 kcal ​e. 1274 kcal

a. 1374 kcal Females: kcal/d = 10 (wt in kg) + 6.25 (ht in cm) - 5 (age in yrs) - 161 64in(2.54) = 162.56 cm 135lb/2.2 = 61.36 kg = 10 (61.36) + 6.25 (162.56) - 5(19) - 161 = 613.6 + 1016 - 95 - 161 = 1373.6

What proportion of the U.S. adult population is considered obese?​ a. About 30% b. About 40% c. About 50% d. About 60%

a. About 30%

If a patient wants to decrease their risk of developing cancer, which of the following recommendations would be appropriate? a. Be as lean as possible within the normal range of body weight. b. Increase intake of vitamin B12 through consumption of chicken, beef, and pork. c. Increase alcohol consumption. d. Engage in 30 minutes of strenuous physical activity most days of the week.

a. Be as lean as possible within the normal range of body weight.

Which of the following is an early sign of vitamin C deficiency? a. Bleeding gums b. Pernicious anemia c. Appearance of a cold d. Hysteria and depression

a. Bleeding gums

What is vitamin K's major function in the body?​ a. Blood clotting ​b. Energy metabolism ​c. Calcium utilization ​d. Epithelial tissue renewal ​e. Synthesis of gonadotrophic hormones

a. Blood clotting

The Female Athlete Triad includes______________ a. Eating disorder, osteoporosis, and amenorrhea b. Eating disorder, misuse of laxatives, and binge eating c. Amenorrhea, osteoporosis, and binge eating d. Distorted body image, malnutrition, and denial e. Distorted body image, osteoporosis, and amenorrhea

a. Eating disorder, osteoporosis, and amenorrhea

Which of the following is a naturally occurring food source of vitamin D? a. Egg yolks b. Red meats c. Tomato juice d. Whole-wheat bread

a. Egg yolks

Which of the following provides the most thiamin per serving size? a. Ham b. Squash c. Whole milk d. Whole-grain breads

a. Ham

Which of the following is a common treatment for pernicious anemia caused by inadequate absorption? a. Injection of cobalamin b. Topical administration of liver extract c. Oral supplements of B-vitamin complex d. A diet high in liver and green, leafy vegetables

a. Injection of cobalamin

​Which statement is true of body weight? a. It correlates with disease risks. b. ​It decreases by 1 lb for every 10 years of life. ​c. It provides an estimate of the fat level of the body. d. ​It is defined as the person's height divided by the square of the weight.

a. It correlates with disease risks.

Which of the following enables much of the world's population to maintain adequate vitamin D status? a. Outdoor exposure of the skin to sunlight b. Wide availability of low-cost fish products c. Wide availability of food assistance programs d. World Health Organization distribution of vitamin D capsules

a. Outdoor exposure of the skin to sunlight

Which of the following is a good source of thiamin?​ a. Pork chop, lean ​b. Fish c. ​Broccoli d. ​Apple e. White rice

a. Pork chop, lean

Milk is generally stored in opaque containers to prevent the destruction of __________ by sunlight. a. riboflavin b. folate c. niacin d. vitamin C

a. riboflavin

After ingesting _____________ like thiamin or riboflavin, the excess is usually excreted in the urine. a. water-soluble vitamins b. fat-soluble vitamins c. protein-soluble vitamins d. carb-soluble vitamins

a. water-soluble vitamins

The classification of underweight is achieved when the BMI first drops below a. 14.​ b. 18.5. ​c. 20. ​d. 22.5. ​e. 25.5

b. 18.5.

Which of the following is the most reliable source of vitamin D in the diet? a. Meat b. Fortified milk c. Fruits and vegetables d. Enriched breads and cereals

b. Fortified milk

Of the following foods, which would be the only source of vitamin B12?​ ​a. Pecans b. Hamburger ​c. Cauliflower ​d. Whole-grain bread e. Plain soy or rice milk​

b. Hamburger

Of the following foods, which would be the only source of vitamin B12? a. Pecans b. Hot dog c. Cauliflower d. Whole-grain bread

b. Hot dog

__________ helps the body absorb vitamin B12. a. Folate b. Intrinsic factor c. hemopoiesis d. Cobalamin

b. Intrinsic factor

How is vitamin E thought to play a role in reducing the risk of heart disease? a. It inhibits absorption of dietary cholesterol b. It slows oxidation of low-density lipoproteins c. It interferes with cholesterol synthesis by the liver d. It speeds removal of blood cholesterol by the liver

b. It slows oxidation of low-density lipoproteins

What is the name of the vitamin D-deficiency disease in adults? a. Rickets b. Osteomalacia c. Keratomalacia d. Hyperkeratosis

b. Osteomalacia

What vitamin deficiency disease appeared in people who had subsisted on a diet high in corn and low in protein? a. Scurvy b. Pellagra c. Wet beriberi d. Pernicious anemia

b. Pellagra

Which of the following is frequently affected by deficiencies of the B vitamins? a. Bones b. Tongue c. Eyesight d. Hair and nails

b. Tongue

Why are vegetarians at risk of developing a vitamin B12 deficiency? a. Vegetarian diets inhibit absorption of the vitamin b. Vegetarian diets provide insufficient amounts of the vitamin c. The fiber content of vegetarian diets causes decreased storage by the liver d. The fiber content of vegetarian diets causes increased excretion of the vitamin

b. Vegetarian diets provide insufficient amounts of the vitamin

The primary function of the B vitamins is to __________. a. act as antioxidants b. act as coenzymes in energy production c. provide calories d. aid in blood clotting

b. act as coenzymes in energy production

A person seeking good sources of vitamin A would select all of the following except a. liver. b. bananas. c. apricots. d. sweet potatoes.

b. bananas.

The vitamin that protects again neural tube defects is: a. niacin b. folate c. thiamin d. riboflavin

b. folate

Research has shown that the risk for neural tube defects is lowered by taking supplements of a. niacin. b. folate. c. vitamin C. d. vitamin B12.

b. folate.

The formation of red blood cells is called __________. a. cheilosis b. hemopoiesis c. hemophobia d. metabolism

b. hemopoiesis

A lack of intrinsic factor is associated with __________. a. carcinogenesis b. pernicious anemia c. iron-deficiency anemia d. spina bifida

b. pernicious anemia

Beriberi results from a deficiency of a. niacin. b. thiamin. c. vitamin C. d. vitamin B12.

b. thiamin.

Beriberi results from a deficiency of​ ​a. niacin. b. thiamin. ​c. vitamin C. ​d. vitamin B12. e. riboflavin.​

b. thiamin.

What is the adult RDA for folate (µg)? a. 100 b. 200 c. 400 d. 800

c. 400

A nutritionally sound weight-loss diet might restrict daily energy intake to create a: a .1000-kcalorie-per-week deficit b. 500-kcalorie-per-week deficit c. 500-kcalorie-per-day deficit d. 3500-kcalorie-per-day deficit

c. 500-kcalorie-per-day deficit

The psychological desire to eat that accompanies the sight, smell, or thought of food is known as: a. Hunger b. Satiety c. Appetite d. Palatability

c. Appetite

Among the following, which would be the best source of niacin equivalents? a. Milk b. Broccoli c. Chicken d. Strawberries

c. Chicken

The effects of vitamin A deficiency are most severe in what population group? a. Adults b. Elderly c. Newborns d. Adolescents

c. Newborns

A deficiency of what vitamin produces a characteristic cracking and redness at the corners of the mouth? a. Biotin b. Niacin c. Riboflavin d. Ascorbic acid

c. Riboflavin

Which of the following is the most likely side effect for a person who regularly consumes large quantities of carrots or carrot juice? a. Bone pain b. Dermatitis c. Skin yellowing d. Vitamin A toxicity

c. Skin yellowing

Which of the following are major sources of vitamin E in the diet? a. Meats b. Citrus fruits c. Vegetable oils d. Milk and dairy products

c. Vegetable oils

Which of the following are major sources of vitamin E in the diet?​ a. ​Meats ​b. Citrus fruits c. Vegetable oils ​d. Milk and dairy products ​e. Egg whites

c. Vegetable oils

An example of a biotin-rich meal consists of __________. a. potatoes with homemade aioli (containing raw eggs) b. chocolate chip cookies c. a peanut butter sandwich on whole-wheat bread d. salad greens with balsamic dressing

c. a peanut butter sandwich on whole-wheat bread

You want to ensure you're getting enough iron in your diet, and you know a specific water-soluble vitamin helps absorb nonheme iron. Which meal listed below is a good example of this relationship? a. sliced roast beef with vitamin-D-fortified milk b. a cup of yogurt with berries c. a spinach salad with orange slices d. Caesar salad with croutons

c. a spinach salad with orange slices

The disease that occurs in humans who are deficient in thiamin is __________. a. neural tube defects b. rickets c. beriberi d. diabetes

c. beriberi

Which of the following may contribute to vitamin D deficiency? a. Light skin color b. Drinking fortified milk c. breastfeeding without supplementation d. Too much sunlight e. All of the above

c. breastfeeding without supplementation

Which vitamin-like compound helps protect the liver and is considered an essential nutrient? a. inositol b. lipoic acid c. choline d. carnitine

c. choline

Macrocytic anemia is caused by a deficiency of __________. a. folate and pantothenic acid b. folate and vitamin B6 c. folate and vitamin B12 d. vitamin B6 and vitamin B12

c. folate and vitamin B12

The first detectable sign of vitamin A deficiency is usually a. xerosis. b. xerophthalmia. c. night blindness. d. corneal keratinization.

c. night blindness.

Pernicious anemia results from a deficiency of a. folate. b. selenium. c. vitamin B12. d. iron and copper.

c. vitamin B12.

Which vitamin acts as a coenzyme for more than 100 enzymes, most of which are involved in protein metabolism? a. vitamin B12 b. vitamin K c. vitamin B6 d. vitamin C

c. vitamin B6

A difference between vitamins and vitamin-like compounds is that __________. a. vitamin-like compounds provide 4 kcal/gram while vitamins are not an energy source b. vitamin-like compounds act as coenzymes and vitamins act as enzymes c. vitamin-like compounds can be synthesized by the body d. vitamin-like compounds do not cause toxicity

c. vitamin-like compounds can be synthesized by the body

Which of the following describes a relationship between leptin and energy balance? ​a. Fat cell sensitivity to leptin is higher in obese people. ​b. A deficiency of leptin is characteristic of all obese people. c. ​Blood levels of leptin usually correlate directly with body fat. ​d. Major functions of leptin include an increase in hunger and a decrease in metabolic rate. ​e. Blood levels of leptin only correlate with body fat at extremely high and low body masses.

c. ​Blood levels of leptin usually correlate directly with body fat.

Which of the following food groups is a rich source of vitamin C?​ ​a. Milk group ​b. Meat group c. ​Fruit group ​d. Grains group e. Oils group​

c. ​Fruit group

Which scenario below illustrates an example of a dietary factor influencing the promotion stage of cancer development? a. A puree diet is required because the presence of a tumor in the esophagus makes swallowing difficult. b. A cell is exposed to excess dietary fat, which damages its DNA. c. A cell is exposed to smoke, which damages its DNA. d. Alcohol stimulates damaged cells to divide and multiply.

d. Alcohol stimulates damaged cells to divide and multiply.

Which of the following is a general function of vitamin C? a. Antiviral agent b. Antifungal agent c. Anticancer agent d. Antioxidant agent

d. Antioxidant agent

Which of the following foods is highest in folate? a. Meats b. Starches c. Dairy products d. Green, leafy vegetables

d. Green, leafy vegetables

Which of the following is associated with a deficiency of folate? a. Hemolysis b. Hypoxemia c. Hemolytic anemia d. Macrocytic anemia

d. Macrocytic anemia

Which of the following may result from excessive intakes of vitamin D by adults?​ ​a. Increased bone density ​b. Increased bone calcification c. ​Deformity of leg bones, ribs, and skull d. Mineral deposits in soft tissues such as the kidney ​e. Early-onset osteoarthritis

d. Mineral deposits in soft tissues such as the kidney

On a per-kcalorie basis, which of the following foods is richest in vitamin B6? a. Meats b. Fruits c. Legumes d. Vegetables

d. Vegetables

Which vitamin is sometimes called the "beauty vitamin" because it helps enhance hair and nails? a. vitamin C b. vitamin B6 c. riboflavin d. biotin

d. biotin

The main function of vitamin D is to promote​ ​a. secretion of calcitonin. ​b. synthesis of 7-dehydrocholesterol. ​c. synthesis of carotenoids and controls absorption of fat-soluble vitamins. d. calcium and phosphorus absorption, and calcium mobilization from bone. e. ​conversion of calcium and phosphorous to more readily absorbable compounds.

d. calcium and phosphorus absorption, and calcium mobilization from bone.

Riboflavin needs are more difficult to meet when the diet is low in a. meats. b. grains. c. vegetables. d. dairy foods.

d. dairy foods.

Vitamin C helps maintain a healthy immune system by __________. a. maintaining blood glucose levels b. enabling the body to make red blood cells c. reducing cholesterol levels d. enabling the body to make white blood cells

d. enabling the body to make white blood cells

A patient with symptoms including dermatitis, diarrhea, and dementia (the three Ds) may have a deficiency in __________. a. biotin b. vitamin C c. riboflavin d. niacin

d. niacin

Which vitamin is part of the structure of acetyl CoA? a. vitamin B12 b. folate c. niacin d. pantothenic acid

d. pantothenic acid

A person who shuns dairy and spends most of her time indoors would likely benefit from a supplement of a. vitamin A. b. vitamin B6. c. vitamin C. d. vitamin D.

d. vitamin D.

Which of the following is a feature of gastric surgery for the treatment of clinically severe obesity? a. ​It is almost never followed by weight regain. ​b. It is always an irreversible medical procedure. ​c. It is less effective than traditional liposuction. d. ​It reduces food capacity of stomach ​e. It has dramatic effects on physical and psychological health.

d. ​It reduces food capacity of stomach

Vitamin A supplements are helpful in treating which of the following conditions?​ ​a. Acne b. ​Rickets ​c. Osteomalacia d. ​Night blindness ​e. Scurvy

d. ​Night blindness

Which of the following diseases are associated with overweight? ​a. Cardiovascular Diseases ​b. Type 2 Diabetes ​c. Hypertension ​d. Elevated blood cholesterol e. All of the above

e. All of the above