Exam 3 Sample Questions (EMT)

In the average adult, the sudden loss of ___________ cc of blood is considered serious. 150 500 1,000 750

1,000

You are assessing a 33-year old male who complains of severe abdominal, weakness, and nausea. He tells you that he was gathering wood to build a fire when he felt a sudden, sharp pain on the back of his hand. Patients abdomen is rigid and painful to palpation:

A black widow spider bite

Which of the following may occur when there is bleeding from a large vein? Transmission of bloodborne illnesses Air embolism Hypoperfusion All of the above

All of the above

Which of the following vessels contain blood under the highest amount of pressure? Veins Arteries Venules Capillaries

Arteries

Which of the following vessels has the thickest muscular walls that allow constriction and dilation? Arteries Capillaries Veins Lymphatic vessels

Arteries

If you do not have a commercial tourniquet available, what common device found on the ambulance can be used as a substitute? Air or vacuum splint Blood pressure cuff Ice packs tied in place with triangle bandage Use a rope tie-down to make a tourniquet

Blood pressure cuff

In which of the following vessels does the vital exchange take place and also has the thinnest walls through which oxygen, nutrients, and wastes can pass? Capillaries Microvenules Arterioles Veins

Capillaries

Your patient is a 6-year-old child who has fallen down while running on a sidewalk. She has abrasions on both knees and the palms of both hands, which are oozing blood. This is an example of bleeding from which of the following types of vessels? Veins Arteries Lymphatic vessels Capillaries

Capillaries

Your patient is a 12-year-old boy who ran his arm through a glass window and has an 8-inch laceration on his anterior forearm. You have applied a pressure dressing and bandage, but these have become saturated due to continued bleeding. Which of the following should you do now? Remove the pressure dressing and bandage, apply an ice pack to the wound, and bandage it in place with an elastic bandage. Elevate that arm and prepare to apply a tourniquet or consider administering a hemostatic agent. Apply additional dressing material, bandage it in place, and apply pressure to the brachial artery. Remove the pressure dressing and bandage, apply direct pressure with your gloved hand, and elevate the arm.

Elevate that arm and prepare to apply a tourniquet or consider administering a hemostatic agent.

Evaporation, the conversion of a liquid to a gas, is a process that requires: a. energy b. circulating air c. a warmer ambient temperature d. high humidity

Energy

A 66-year-old male presents with dark red rectal bleeding and abdominal pain. He is conscious and alert; however, his skin is cool and clammy and his heart rate is elevated. Further assessment reveals that his bp is 112/60 mm Hg. Which of the following questions would be MOST pertinent to ask:

Have you experienced recent abdominal trauma

A 66-year-old male presents with dark red rectal bleeding and abdominal pain. He is conscious and alert; however, his skin is cool and clammy and his heart rate is elevated. Further assessment reveals that his blood pressure is 112/60 mm Hg. Which of the following questions would be MOST pertinent to ask him?

Have you experienced recent abdominal trauma?

Which of the following is NOT recommended when controlling epistaxis? Pinching the nostrils together Keeping the patient calm and quiet Having the patient tilt the head backward to elevate the nose Placing the unconscious patient in the recovery position

Having the patient tilt the head backward to elevate the nose

Which of the following is the major cause of shock that the EMT will encounter? Vomiting High blood pressure Hemorrhage Excessive sweating

Hemorrhage

The most common form of a hemostatic agent is: Hemostatic granular. Hemostatic dressings. Hemostatic tourniquet. Hemostatic powder.

Hemostatic dressings.

Which of the following is another way of describing the condition of shock? Internal bleeding Hypotension Hypoperfusion Hemorrhage

Hypoperfusion

Which of the following is a characteristic of venous bleeding? It commonly requires the use of pressure point compression. It cannot lead to life-threatening amounts of blood loss. It often requires the use of a tourniquet. It can be profuse, but is generally easily controlled.

It can be profuse, but is generally easily controlled.

Which of the following BEST describes the function of blood? It is a life-giving liquid that supports all the body's functions to maintain hypoperfusion. It clots, flows, transports, protects, and excretes to fight disease and life. It transports gases along with nutrients, aids in excretion, and provides protection and regulation. It flows from the heart with the vital gases and nutrients to maintain lack of perfusion.

It transports gases along with nutrients, aids in excretion, and provides protection and regulation.

Following blunt abdominal trauma, a 30-year-old male complains of referred pain to the left shoulder. This finding is called the:

Kehr sign.

You are dispatched to a residence for a young female who is sick. The patent complains of a rash to her lower extremities and truncal area. You see a small painful blister on her thigh. You should suspect:

Lyme disease

In which of the following instances would PASG be an appropriate choice to control bleeding? Multiple lacerations to the lower extremities A knife impaled in the abdomen A laceration of the large veins of the neck A gunshot wound to the chest

Multiple lacerations to the lower extremities

Which of the following BEST describes the delivery of oxygen and nutrients at the body's cellular level? Hydrostatic pressure Perfusion Osmosis Circulation

Perfusion

Your patient is a 28-year-old male who cut his thigh with a chain saw. It appears that he has lost about 600 cc of blood. Which of the following is NOT part of the proper management of this patient? Use of a tourniquet Replacement of fluid level by giving the patient adequate amounts of water Using direct pressure to control the bleeding Administering oxygen

Replacement of fluid level by giving the patient adequate amounts of water

___________ causes body heat to be lost as warm air in the lungs is exhaled into the atmosphere and cooler air is inhaled. a. convection b. conduction c. radiation d. respiration

Respiration

When documenting a call involving a female patient who was sexually assaulted, theEMT should:

Selected Answer: C. avoid speculation and document only factual data.

Which of the following must be kept in mind when considering the severity of external bleeding? Signs of shock do not appear until a large amount of blood has been lost. The amount of blood loss is easily estimated by the amount of blood visible on the round. A younger person can tolerate more blood loss than an older one. All of the above

Signs of shock do not appear until a large amount of blood has been lost.

Which of the following is a characteristic of arterial bleeding? Steady flow Dark red color Spurting under pressure Both B and C

Spurting under pressure

Which of the following statements regarding abdominal trauma is correct?

The absence of abdominal pain does not rule out intra-abdominal bleeding.

Which of the following statements regarding abdominal eviscerations is correct?

The protruding organs should be kept warm and moist.

Which of the following is the most important reason for controlling external bleeding? To prevent hypoperfusion To prevent the spread of infectious diseases To make clean up of the ambulance and your equipment easier after the call To prevent the patient from becoming upset at the sight of blood

To prevent hypoperfusion

Which of the following is recommended in situations in which a tourniquet must be used? Apply a bulky dressing and bandage over the tourniquet. Apply the tourniquet over the elbow or knee. Use a material that is wide and thick. Remove the tourniquet as soon as bleeding is controlled to minimize further damage to the limb.

Use a material that is wide and thick.

Which of the following is the most effective way of controlling external bleeding? Running cold water over the wound Using direct pressure with a dressing Elevating the affected part Using an ice pack

Using direct pressure with a dressing

Which of the following types of vessels have valves to maintain one-way blood flow? Arteries Capillaries Veins Arterioles

Veins

You are transporting a patient with blunt abdominal trauma. The patient is unstable and is experiencing obvious signs and symptoms of shock. Your estimated time of arrival at the hospital is less than 10 minutes. After treating the patient appropriately, you should:

You are transporting a patient with blunt abdominal trauma. The patient is unstable and is experiencing obvious signs and symptoms of shock. Your estimated time of arrival at the hospital is less than 10 minutes. After treating the patient appropriately, you should:

The mesentery is

a membranous fold that attaches the intestines to the walls of the body

Compression injuries to the abdomen that occur during a motor vehicle crash are typically the result of:

a poorly placed lap belt.

While jogging, a 19-year old male experienced an acute onset of shortness of breath and pleuritic chest pain. He is conscious and alert with stable vital signs. your assessment reveals that he has diminished breath sounds over the left side of his chest. you should:

administer oxygen and transport to the hospital

A 37-year old male was pinned between a flatbed truck and a loading dock. On exam, you find bruising to the chest, distended neck veins, bilaterally diminished breath sounds, and bilateral scleral hemorrhaging. You should:

aggressively manage his airway

During your assessment of a 29-year-old female with significant deformity to her left elbow, you are unable to palpate a radial pulse. Your transport time to the hospital is app. 40 min. You should:

apply gentle manual traction in line with the limb and reassess for a pulse

Following direct trauma to the left upper back, a 44-year-old male presents with diaphoresis and restlessness. His bp is 100/50 mm Hg, his pulse rate is 120 beats/min and weak, and his reps. are 24 breaths/min and labored. You should:

apply high flow oxygen, consider spinal precautions, and transport without delay.

A 54-year old male experienced an avulsion to his penis when his foreskin got caught in the zipper of his pants. He was able to unzip his pants and remove the foreskin prior to your arrival. Your assessment reveals that he is in severe pain and that the avulsion is bleeding moderately. MOST app. treatment is:

applying direct pressure with a dry, sterile dressing

A 54-year-old male experienced an avulsion to his penis when his foreskin got caught in the zipper of his pants. He was able to unzip his pants and remove the foreskin prior to your arrival. Your assessment reveals that he is in severe pain and that the avulsion is bleeding moderately. The MOST appropriate treatment for this patient includes:

applying direct pressure with a dry, sterile dressing.

a 76-year-old male experienced sudden pain to his left thigh when he was standing in line at the grocery store. Your assessment reveals ecchymosis and deformity to left femur. You should:

applying padded board splints to both sides of the leg

A 30-year old male was rescued after being lost in the woods for app. 18 hour. The outside temp is 30 F. He is immediately placed in a awarded ambulance. He is unconscious and pale. You should:

assess a carotid pulse for up to 45 seconds

You receive a call to a local gymnasium for a basketball player with a dislocated shoulder. Upon arrival, you find the patient, a 17-year-old male, sitting on the ground. he is holding his left arm in a fixed position away from his body. There is an obvious anterior bulge to the area of injury. You should:

assess distal pulse, motor, and sensory functions

You have applied a zippered air splint to a pt.'s left arm. During transport, the pt. complains of increased numbness and tingling in his left hand. You reassess distal circulation and note that it remains present. Your MOST app. action should be to:

assess the amount of air in the splint and let air out as necessary.

You and your partner respond to a park where several people were reportedly struck by lightening. When you arrive, you find three patients. The first patient is lying supine on the ground; he is unresponsive and does not appear to be breathing. The second patient is ambulatory, appears confused, and is holding his arm against his chest. The third patient is sitting on the ground holding the sides of his head. After calling for backup:

assess the patient pulse, begin CPR starting with chest compressions if he is pulseless, and attach the AED as soon as possible.

A 20-year-old male was accidentally shot in the right upper abdominal quadrant with an arrow during an archery contest. Prior to your arrival, the patient removed the arrow. Your assessment reveals that he is conscious and alert with stable vital signs. The entrance wound is bleeding minimally and appears to be superficial. You should:

assume that the arrow injured an internal organ.

When documenting a call involving a female patient who was sexually assaulted, the EMT should

avoid speculation and document only factual data.

When documenting a call involving a female patient who was sexually assaulted, the EMT should:

avoid speculation and document only factual data.

When worn properly, a seatbelt should lie:

below the anterior superior iliac spines of the pelvis and against the hip joints.

A football player was struck by another player in the right flank area just below the posterior rib cage. He complains of severe pain and joint tenderness to the area. Your assessment reveals that there is a small amount of blood in his under ware. You should:

blunt injury to the kidney

A football player was struck by another player in the right flank area just below the posterior rib cage. He complains of severe pain and point tenderness to the area. Your assessment reveals that there is a small amount of blood in his underwear. You should be MOST suspicious for:

blunt injury to the kidney.

You are transporting a patient with blunt abdominal trauma. The patient is unstable and is experiencing obvious signs and symptoms of shock. Your estimated time of arrival at the hospital is less than 10 minutes. After treating the patient appropriately, you should:

closely monitor him and reassess him frequently

You are transporting a stable patient with a possible pneumothorax. The patient is receiving100% oxygen and has a saturation of 95%. During your reassessment, you find that the patient is confused, hypotensive, and diaphoretic. What is MOST likely causing the deterioration:

compression of the aorta and vena cava

Your presence is requested by law enforcement to assess a 33-year-old female who was sexually assaulted. The patient is conscious and obviously upset. As you are talking to her, you note blood in her groin area, bp is 98/58, pulse is 130 beats/min, and reps. are 24 breaths/min. You should:

control any external bleeding, administer oxygen, and transport at once

A 54-year-old male accidentally shot himself in the leg. Entrance wound is to the medial aspect of his right leg and exit wound is opposite to the leg and actively bleeding. Pt. complains of numbness and tingling in his right foot. You should:

control the bleeding and cover the wound with a sterile dressing

Difficulty breathing and a sunken appearance of the anterior abdominal wall is MOST indicative of a ruptured:

diaphragm.

Accumulation of blood in the abdominal cavity will MOST likely cause:

distention.

Following a stab wound to the left anterior chest, a 25-year-old male presents with a decreed level of consciousness and signs of shock. Which of the following additional assessment findings should increase your index of suspicion for a cardiac tamponade:

engorged jugular veins

A 40-year old male presents with severe abdominal pain following blunt trauma. He is diaphoretic, intensely thirsty, and has a weak and rapid pulse. Appropriate treatment for this patient includes all of the following, EXCEPT:

giving him small sips of water

Peritonitis, an intense inflammatory reaction of the abdominal cavity, usually occurs when:

hollow abdominal organs are damaged and spill their contents.

You respond to a residence for a 40-year-old female who was assaulted by her husband; the scene has been secured by law enforcement. Upon your arrival, you find the patent lying supine on the floor in the kitchen. She is semiconscious with severely labored breathing. Further assessment reveals a large bruise to the left anterior chest, jugular venous distention, and unilaterally absent breath sounds. As your partner is supporting her ventilations, you should:

immediately request ALS support

A 17-year-old football player collided with another player and has pain to his left clavicular area. He is holding his arm against his chest and refuses to move it. Your assessment reveals obvious deformity to the midshaft clavicle. After assessing distal pulse, sensory and motor functions, you should:

immobilize the injury with a sling and swathe

During your rapid secondary assessment of a 19-year old female with multiple trauma, you note bilateral humoral deficiencies and a deformity to the left midshaft femur. Her skin is diaphoretic and her pulse is rapid and weak. Your partner has app. managed her airway and is maintaing manual stabilization of her head. The MOST app. treatment for this pt. includes:

immobilizing her to a backboard and rapidly transporting

You are transporting a 42-year-old male who experienced blunt abdominal trauma. He is receiving oxygen at 12 L/min via a nonrebreathing mask, and full spinal precautions have been applied. During your reassessment, you note his level of consciousness has decreased and his respirations have become shallow. You should:

insert an airway adjunct if he will tolerate it and begin assisting his ventilations with a bag-mask device.

You are transporting a 42-year-old male who has abdominal trauma. H eis getting oxygen at 12L/min via nonrebreather. During reassessment you not that his LOC has decreased and his breaths became shallow. You should:

insert an airway adjunct of he will tolerate it and begin assisting his ventilations with a bag-mask device.

During your assessment of a patient who experienced blunt trauma to the abdomen, you notice bruising around the umbilicus. This is a sign of

intra-abdominal bleeding.

During your assessment of a patient who experienced blunt trauma to the abdomen, you notice bruising around the umbilicus. This is a sign of:

intra-abdominal bleeding.

A 48-year old male was stung on the leg by a jellyfish while swimming in the ocean. He is conscious and alert, but complains of intense pain at the wound site. Specific treatment for this patient includes:

irrigating the wound with vinegar and immersing his leg in hot water.

You arrive at the scene of a major motor vehicle crash. The patient, a 50-year old female, was removed from her vehicle prior to your arrival. Bystanders who removed her state that she was not wearing a seatbelt. The pt. is unconscious , tachycardic, and diaphoretic. Your assessment reveals bilateral breaths, midline teaches, and collapsed jugular veins. You should be MOST suspicious that this patient has experienced:

laceration of the aorta

You are dispatched to a residence for a young female who was kicked in the abdomen by her boyfriend. While en route to the scene, you should ask the dispatcher if:

law enforcement is at the scene

You are dispatched to a residence for a young female who was kicked in the abdomen by her boyfriend. While en route to the scene, you should ask the dispatcher if:

law enforcement is at the scene.

Which of the following organs would MOST likely bleed profusely when injured?

liver

All of the following are hollow abdominal organs, EXCEPT for the:

liver.

Bruising to the right upper quadrant of the abdomen following blunt trauma is MOST suggestive of injury to the:

liver.

You receive a call to a residence for a sick patient. Upon your arrival, you find the patient, a 53-year old diabetic male, lying down on his front porch. His wife tells you that he had been mowing the lawn in the heat for 3 hours. his pulse is weak and heady, and his blood pressure is 90/50 mm Hg. In addition to administering 100% oxygen, you should:

load him into the ambulance and begin rapid cooling interventions

Placing a pregnant patient in a supine position during the third trimester of pregnancy:

may decrease the amount of blood that returns to the heart.

You are dispatched to a local high school for a 16-year-old male who fainted. The outside temp. is 95 F. The pt is conscious and alert and complains of nausea and a headache. His skin is cool, clammy, and pale. You should:

move him into the cooled ambulance

You have sealed the open chest wound of a 40-year-old male who was stabbed in the anterior chest. Your assessment reveals that he is experiencing increasing respiratory distress and tachycardia, and is developing cyanosis. You should:

partially remove the dressing

When a hollow organ is punctured during a penetrating injury to the abdomen:

peritonitis may not develop for several hours.

Your assessment of a 23-year-old female reveals a core body temp of 93.4. She is conscious, answers your questions appropriately, is shivering, and complains of nausea. Her skin is cold and pale and respirations is rapid. In addition to monitoring her ABCs, administering oxygen, and making the ride warm. You should:

place heat packs to her groin, axillae, and behind her neck; cover her with warm blankets; and avoid rough handling.

A 77-year old woman slipped and fell and landed on her hip. The leg is shortened and externally rotated. Distal pulses, sensory, and motor functions are intact. You should:

place her into a scoop stretcher, pad around her left hip with pillows, and secure her to the scoop with straps.

A 45-year old female was the unrestrained passenger of a small car that rear ended another vehicle at a moderate rate of speed. She is conscious and alert, but complains of pain to both of her knees. There is visible damage to the dashboard on the passengers side of the vehicle. In addition to fractures or dislocations of the knees, you should be MOST suspicious for:

posterior hip dislocation

A 28-year old male was struck in the chest with a baseball. He is conscious and alert and complains of severe chest pain. Your assessment reveals a large area of ecchymosis over the sternum and a rapid, irregular pulse. In addition to 100% oxygen, you should:

prepare for immediate transport

Because the depth of an open abdominal wound is often difficult to determine:

prompt transport to the hospital is essential.

You are transporting a 28-year old man with frostbitten foot. The patients vital signs are stable and he denies any other injuries or symptoms. The weather is treacherous and your transport time to the hospital is approximately 45 minutes. During transport, you should:

protect the affected part from further injury

A 20-year-old male was pulled from cold water by his friends. The length of his submersion is not known and was not witnessed. You perform a primary assessment and determine that the patient is apneic and has a slow, weak pulse. You should:

provide rescue breathing, remove wet clothes, immobilize spine,keep warm, transport carefully

Following blunt trauma to the chest, an 18-year-old female presents with respiratory distress, reduced tidal volume, and cyanosis. her bp is 80/50 mm Hg and her pulse is 130 beats/min and thready. You should:

provide some form of positive-pressure ventilation

Early bruising following abdominal trauma often manifests as:

red areas of skin.

A 31-year old male fell and landed on his left elbow. Your assessment reveals that the elbow is grossly deformed, his forearm is cool and pale, and the distal pulse on the side of the injury is barely palpable. His vital signs are stable. You transport him to the hospital. You should:

splint the elbow in the position found and transport

A 22-year old female was ejected from her car after striking a tree head-on. As you approach her, you not closed deformities to both femurs. She is not moving and in not conscious. You should:

stabilize her head and perform a primary assessment

During your assessment of a patient with blunt chest trauma, you note paradoxical movement of the left chest wall. As your partner is administering oxygen to the patient, you should:

stabilize the chest wall with a bulky dressing

During your rapid secondary assessment of a 30-year old male who fell 25', you note crepitus when palpating his pelvis. your partner advises you that the pt.'s blood pressure is 80/50 mm Hg and his HR is 120 beats/min and weak. You should:

stabilize the pelvis with a pelvic binder and protect the spine

You respond to a local lake where a diver complains of difficulty breathing that occurred immediately after rapidly ascending from a depth of approximately 30'. On assessment, you note that he has cyanosis around his lips and has pink froth coming from his nose and mouth. You should:

suction his mouth and nose, apply high flow oxygen, position him on his left side with his head down, and contact medical control regarding transport to a decompression facility.

While drinking, a 31-year old male was bitten by a snake. Patient is conscious and alert and in no obvious distress. You see two small puncture marks with minima swelling. In addition to giving oxygen, you should:

supine position, splinting the leg, and transporting.

A 22-year old male was punched in the abdomen several times. You find him lying on his left side with his knees drawn up. He is conscious and alert and complains of increased pain and nausea when he tries to straighten his legs. His bp is 142/82 mm Hg, his pulse rate is 110 beats/min and strong, and his respirations are 22 breaths/min and regular. In addition to administering high-flow oxygen, you should:

transport him in the position in which you found him

A 22-year-old male was punched in the abdomen several times. You find him lying on his left side with his knees drawn up. He is conscious and alert and complains of increased pain and nausea when he tries to straighten his legs. His blood pressure is 142/82 mm Hg, his pulse rate is 110 beats/min and strong, and his respirations are 22 breaths/min and regular. In addition to administering high-flow oxygen, you should:

transport him in the position in which you found him.

Which of the following organs is at MOST risk for injury as the result of a pelvic fracture?

urinary bladder

A 19-year old male is unresponsive, apneic, and pulseless after being struck in the center of the chest with a softball. Based on the mechanism of injury, what MOST likely occurred:

ventricular fib. when the impact occurred during a critical portion of the cardiac cycle.