exam 4

According to the USDA, a whole cooked chicken is safe to serve when its internal temperature reaches a minimum of A) 165 ºF. B) 125 ºF. C) 145 ºF. D) 115 ºF.

A) 165 ºF.

ames and his five relatives live in New Orleans, Louisiana. For him and his family to survive a major hurricane, James wants to store enough clean water to last for about 5 days. Based on this information, he should store at least ________ gallons of bottled and sealed water. A) 30 B) 15 C) 25 D) 20

A) 30

________ are poisonous substances produced by certain molds that can cause liver damage and death. A) Aflatoxins B) Teratogens C) Pathogens D) Chelates

A) Aflatoxins

Which of the following foods is not a likely source of food-borne pathogens? A) Dried apricots B) Chicken casserole C) Raw ground beef D) Egg salad

A) Dried apricots

Which of the following food preservation methods draws water from cells, reducing the likelihood many pathogens can survive? A) Drying B) Irradiating C) Canning D) Chilling

A) Drying

Which of the following conditions is often associated with the abuse of anabolic steroids? A) Low blood pressure B) Aggressive behavior C) Chronic cough D) Macular degeneration

B) Aggressive behavior

________ often transmit pathogens to food. A) Snakes B) Cockroaches C) Spiders D) Birds

B) Cockroaches

Which of the following safety steps should you take if your home experiences a loss of electricity that lasts for several days? A) Eat raw or cooked foods that have been stored in the refrigerator B) Cook foods and boil water on a charcoal grill that is outdoors C) Serve foods from dented or bulging cans first D) Use water from a swimming pool or your car's radiator to wash your hands and dishes

B) Cook foods and boil water on a charcoal grill that is outdoors

Rose is an obese 5-year-old child. ________ is a factor that is associated with increased risk of excess body fat in preschool children. A) Lower than average water intake B) Family history of obesity C) High family income D) Living in western United States

B) Family history of obesity

________ is a common nutrition-related sign or symptom of early pregnancy that occurs in many healthy pregnant women. A) Gestational diabetes B) Fatigue C) Pernicious anemia D) Hypertension

B) Fatigue

Which of the following foods is often recommended for an athlete who wants to replenish his or her glycogen stores quickly after performing vigorous physical activity? A) Ripe avocados B) Fruit juices C) Raw eggs D) Protein supplements

B) Fruit juices

On her last camping trip, Jenny swallowed some water when she swam in a lake. Two days later, she suddenly experienced severe abdominal pain and watery diarrhea. Based on this information, Jenny probably is infected with A) aflatoxin. B) Giardia. C) Clostridium botulinum. D) Bacillus cereus.

B) Giardia.

Which of the following nutrients can be metabolized for ATP production? A) Iron B) Glucose C) Magnesium D) Vitamin C

B) Glucose

Which of the following physical activities metabolizes the most carbohydrate? A) Lifting weight for 30 minutes B) Hard cycling for 1 hour C) Walking for 1 hour D) Jogging for 30 minutes

B) Hard cycling for 1 hour

________ are often referred to as the "powerhouses" of cells because most of the energy stored in macronutrients is released in them. A) Lysosomes B) Mitochondria C) Plasma membranes D) Ribosomes

B) Mitochondria

________ infection is the most common food-borne illness in the United States. A) Influenza B) Norovirus C) Hepatitis A D) Rotavius

B) Norovirus

Which of the following foods would be a nutritious low-fat, high-carbohydrate meal for an athlete? A) Cheese sticks B) Pasta with fresh vegetables C) Fried chicken breast D) Sausage pizza

B) Pasta with fresh vegetables

Which of the following statements is true? A) Using a microstrainer filter is the best way to remove viruses from impure water. B) People who travel to Central and South America have a high risk of developing traveler's diarrhea. C) Boiling water for several minutes is not an effective means of purification. D) The water in swimming pools is safe to drink.

B) People who travel to Central and South America have a high risk of developing traveler's diarrhea.

________ is a form of vigorous physical activity. A) Strength training B) Static stretching C) Lap swimming D) Mowing the lawn

C) Lap swimming

Muscle cells can use the ________ energy system to obtain energy. A) carbon dioxide B) citrate C) PCr-ATP D) oxalic acid

C) PCr-ATP

Michelle's weekly exercise program includes stair stepping, static stretching, cycling, and push-ups. Which of these activities is generally classified as a strength (resistance) exercise? A) Static stretching B) Stair stepping C) Push-ups D) Cycling

C) Push-ups

Which of the following foods is usually recommended as the first solid food for infants? A) Green beans B) Fresh apricots C) Rice cereal D) Egg whites

C) Rice cereal

What is physical fitness? A) The ability to engage in high-intensity workouts by reaching one's maximum heart rate within 5 minutes of beginning the exertion. B) The ability to maintain maximum heart rate for 10 minutes, without warming up. C) The ability to perform moderate- to vigorous physical activity without becoming excessively tired. D) The ability to move joints beyond their normal range of motion.

C) The ability to perform moderate- to vigorous physical activity without becoming excessively tired.

According to the Food Additives Amendment of 1958, A) substances on the GRAS list were classified as food additives. B) manufacturers of new food additives did not need to test the compounds for safety before they could be used in food. C) an additive that was in use and deemed safe prior to 1958 was placed on the GRAS list. D) the Delaney Clause was unconstitutional.

C) an additive that was in use and deemed safe prior to 1958 was placed on the GRAS list.

Pathogens A) damage DNA. B) cause oxidation of nutrients. C) are disease-causing microbes. D) protect cells from free radical destruction.

C) are disease-causing microbes.

Most infants are physically ready to start eating solid foods when they A) develop the swallowing reflux. B) have most of their primary teeth. C) can sit up with some back support. D) lose the let-down reflex.

C) can sit up with some back support.

The hormone oxytocin A) reduces the ability of blood to clot during the birth process. B) increases a woman's appetite during pregnancy. C) enables the "let-down" reflex to occur when a woman breastfeeds her baby. D) suppresses energy metabolism during pregnancy.

C) enables the "let-down" reflex to occur when a woman breastfeeds her baby.

Pregnant women generally need to take a supplement that contains A) oxytocin. B) protein. C) folic acid. D) conjugated fatty acids

C) folic acid.

Muscles store ________, the immediate source of glucose for contracting muscles. A) fatty acids B) ATP C) glycogen D) alanine

C) glycogen

The USDA recommends that a salmon steak be cooked until its internal temperature is at least A) 145 ºF. B) 165 ºF. C) 155 ºF. D) 175 ºF.

A) 145 ºF

The USDA recommends that fresh pork be cooked until its internal temperature is at least A) 145 ºF. B) 140 ºF. C) 155 ºF. D) 130 ºF.

A) 145 ºF.

Trevor enjoys cooking chicken, but he wants to reduce the chances that his food preparation practices do not result in cross contamination. What should he avoid doing? A) Cleaning the plate used to carry the chicken to the grill with a paper towel before using it for serving raw vegetables. B) Sanitizing the knife that he used to cut up the raw chicken with a mixture of bleach and water before using it again. C) Washing his hands in warm soapy water for at least 20 seconds before and after touching the raw chicken. D) Grilling the chicken on a hot grill until the internal temperature of the flesh reached 165°F.

A) Cleaning the plate used to carry the chicken to the grill with a paper towel before using it for serving raw vegetables.

Infants should not be fed honey because it can contain A) Clostridium botulinum spores. B) high-fructose corn syrup. C) lead. D) aspartame.

A) Clostridium botulinum spores.

Many sports organizations have banned the use of ________ by athletes. A) anabolic steroids B) herbal extracts C) branched chain amino acids D) colloidal ligands

A) anabolic steroids

Irina is an American who is traveling through Northern Africa. Today, she's staying with friends in a house that is 20 miles south of Cairo, Egypt. To avoid traveler's diarrhea, Irina should A) drink only water that has been boiled or is in a sealed bottle. B) purchase only fresh fruits and vegetables from street vendors. C) not be concerned because Egypt is a low-risk country. D) wash fruits and vegetables in fresh water before eating them.

A) drink only water that has been boiled or is in a sealed bottle.

To make your exercise routine more enjoyable, the routine should A) incorporate a variety of aerobic, resistance, and flexibility activities. B) should be performed once a week to avoid boredom. C) focus on resistance training. D) include a daily form of vigorous exercise.

A) incorporate a variety of aerobic, resistance, and flexibility activities.

Human milk is naturally a rich source of A) lipids. B) fluoride. C) iron. D) vitamin D.

A) lipids.

Major nutrition-related concerns of adolescents include ________ intakes. A) low iron B) low niacin C) high calcium D) high protein

A) low iron

Some women crave non-food items during pregnancy. This behavior is called A) pica. B) SIDS. C) eclampsia. D) edema.

A) pica.

The life stage that encompasses the prenatal period is A) pregnancy. B) lactation. C) adolescence. D) infancy

A) pregnancy.

Monroe is a healthy 55-year-old man. According to recommendations of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, he should perform ________ minutes of moderately intense physical activity each week. A) 100 B) 150 C) 200 D) 75

B) 150

Lisa is a healthy young woman whose energy requirement is 2250 kcal/day. Based on this information, what would be her daily energy requirement during her first trimester of pregnancy? A) 3050 kcal B) 2250 kcal C) 1800 kcal D) 2600 kcal

B) 2250 kcal

The ________ is the organ of pregnancy that transfers nutrients and oxygen from the mother's bloodstream to the embryo/fetus. A) endometrium B) placenta C) ovary D) uterus

B) placenta

A ________ is simply a piece of genetic material coated with protein. A) protozoan B) parasite C) virus D) bacterium

C) virus

The USDA recommends that fresh turkey be cooked until its internal temperature is at least A) 145 ºF. B) 155 ºF. C) 175 ºF. D) 165 ºF

D) 165 ºF

Pathogenic bacteria are likely to multiply rapidly when environmental temperatures are between A) 60 and 160 ºF. B) 80 and 180 ºF. C) 20 and 120 ºF. D) 40 and 140 ºF.

D) 40 and 140 ºF.

Which of the following types of pathogens is responsible for most cases of "traveler's diarrhea"? A) Protozoans B) Viruses C) Worms D) Bacteria

D) Bacteria

Muscle cells can use the ________ energy system to obtain energy. A) oleic acid B) GTP C) fumarate D) oxygen

D) oxygen

Human milk naturally contains contains less ________ per ounce than whole cow's milk. A) energy B) carbohydrate C) cholesterol D) protein

D) protein

After Ariel gave birth to a healthy baby boy, the physician immediately placed the baby next to Ariel's breast so the infant could begin breastfeeding. This practice A) increases the baby's heart rate, reducing his risk of myoendocarditis. B) enables the baby's "let-down" reflex to occur, so his gastrointestinal tract will function normally. C) suppresses Ariel's metabolic rate, so her body can shift more energy into milk production. D) stimulates Ariel's uterus to contract, reducing her risk of bleeding excessively

D) stimulates Ariel's uterus to contract, reducing her risk of bleeding excessively

Which of the following statements is true? A) During high-intensity exercise, the rate of fat oxidation decreases. B) Phosphocreatine provides about 85% of the energy needed to fuel muscles during endurance physical activities. C) Amino acids are a major source of energy for contracting muscles. D) Glucose is the primary fuel for resting muscles.

A) During high-intensity exercise, the rate of fat oxidation decreases.

Which of the following U.S. government agencies oversees the quality of drinking water? A) Environmental Protection Agency B) Agricultural Research Service C) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention D) Food Safety and Inspection Service

A) Environmental Protection Agency

The following substances were detected in a jar of baby food. Which of the substances is a not a direct food additive? A) Glass fragment B) High-fructose corn syrup C) Pantothenic acid D) Riboflavin

A) Glass fragment

Which of the following statements is true? A) Most physically active people should consume 20 to 35% of their total energy intake from fat. B) Dietitians generally recommend very-low-fat diets for healthy athletes. C) Athletes and other physically active people should avoid diets that supply more than 15% of total energy from fat. D) Trained athletes are unable to compete when fat comprises 65% of their total energy intake.

A) Most physically active people should consume 20 to 35% of their total energy intake from fat.

Which of the following statements is true? A) Pesticides help protect the food supply and keep food costs down. B) The risk of cancer among people who apply chemical pesticides is the same as that of people who are not directly exposed to the substances. C) Pesticides decompose in soil and, as a result, do not enter the human food chain. D) The FDA regulates the use of pesticides.

A) Pesticides help protect the food supply and keep food costs down.

Which of the following foods is likely to be a source of Salmonella? A) Raw chicken B) Canned applesauce C) Dry milk powder D) Honey

A) Raw chicken

________ is a type of parasitic worm that can be transferred to humans who eat raw or undercooked pork, bear, or seal meat. A) Trichinella B) Anisakis C) Cryptosporidium D) Giardia

A) Trichinella

Which of the following physical activities metabolizes the most fat? A) Walking for an hour B) Performing 200-meter hurdles during competition C) Hard cycling for 1 hour D) Running for two hours

A) Walking for an hour

Anna would like to offer a high-fiber, nutrient-dense snack to her healthy 4-year-old son. Based on this information, she should serve A) a small unpeeled apple that has been cut into wedges. B) ½ of a chocolate doughnut that has the frosting removed. C) 2 slices of baked ham on a toasted English muffin. D) 1 cup of French fries from a fast-food restaurant that has been salted with iodized salt.

A) a small unpeeled apple that has been cut into wedges.

During her 6th month of pregnancy, Miranda developed gestational hypertension. As a result of this condition, Miranda has a higher risk of giving birth to a ________ infant than a pregnant woman who does not experience hypertension. A) low-birth-weight B) term C) high-birth-weight D) post-mature

A) low-birth-weight

Which of the following pesticides kills mice and rats? A) Herbicide B) Rodenticide C) Fungicide D) Insecticide

B) Rodenticide

Which of the following food preservation methods is the most effective for destroying pathogens, including viruses? A) Freezing B) Sterilization C) Fermentation D) Smoke curing

B) Sterilization

________ is the gradual process of shifting a baby from breastfeeding or bottle feeding to drinking from a cup and eating solid foods. A) Sparing B) Weaning C) Transitioning D) Cupping

B) Weaning

By performing exercise regularly, people can reduce their risk of A) thalassemia minor. B) cardiovascular disease. C) hemochromatosis. D) pernicious anemia.

B) cardiovascular disease.

In the United States, the diets of many school-age children do not supply enough A) simple carbohydrates. B) fiber. C) vanadium. D) sodium.

B) fiber.

Corrina is a 25-year-old pregnant woman. Her need for ________ is 50% higher than before she became pregnant. A) vitamin C B) folate C) vitamin D D) calcium

B) folate

Compared to preschoolers, older children tend to eat A) smaller amounts of added sugars. B) more foods away from home. C) fewer fried foods. D) smaller portions of sugar-sweetened beverages.

B) more foods away from home.

Compared to preschoolers, older children tend to eat A) fewer fried foods. B) more sugar-sweetened beverages. C) smaller amounts of sodium. D) fewer foods away from home.

B) more sugar-sweetened beverages.

To improve their children's eating habits, caregivers should A) discourage snacking. B) prepare and eat meals more meals together as a family. C) use the promise of desserts as a reward for eating vegetables. D) encourage children to eat at least 2 servings of fruits and vegetables daily.

B) prepare and eat meals more meals together as a family.

During pregnancy, edema can be a sign of a serious health problem if A) weight loss and morning sickness also occur. B) the swelling is accompanied by hypertension and protein in the urine. C) the swelling is limited to the hands and feet. D) morning sickness, heartburn, and fatigue also occur

B) the swelling is accompanied by hypertension and protein in the urine.

Julio wants to cook chicken and bake a pie made with eggs and milk for his roommates. Julio and his dinner guests are likely to experience food-borne illness if he A) marinates the cut-up pieces of raw chicken in the refrigerator and then throws out the marinade. B) wipes the knife used to cut up the raw chicken on a hand towel before using the knife to cut up the salad vegetables. C) thaws the frozen raw chicken in a covered tray on the bottom shelf of the refrigerator. D) keeps the pie chilled before serving it.

B) wipes the knife used to cut up the raw chicken on a hand towel before using the knife to cut up the salad vegetables.

The USDA recommends that fresh ground meat be cooked until its internal temperature is at least A) 150 ºF. B) 180 ºF. C) 160 ºF. D) 130 ºF.

C) 160 ºF.

Gabrielle is due to give birth to a boy in March. Before she became pregnant, Gabrielle weighed 140 pounds, which was in the healthy BMI range for her height. Based on this information, her physician will recommend that she gain ________ pounds during her pregnancy. A) 10 to 20 B) 35 to 45 C) 25 to 35 D) 15 to 25

C) 25 to 35

Which of the following statements is true? A) It is unusual for children to have food jags. B) Snacks have no place in a child's diet. C) A child's appetite typically increases as his or her growth rate increases. D) Because of the choking hazard, children should not be offered cut-up raw vegetables until they are at least 7 years of age.

C) A child's appetite typically increases as his or her growth rate increases.

Which of the following statements is true? A) When beginning the improvement stage of an exercise program, a person should exercise at 85% of his or her age-related target heart rate zone. B) Over time, a well-planned exercise program results in detraining. C) A comprehensive fitness program includes aerobic, resistance, and stretching activities. D) The first 3 to 6 weeks of a new exercise program is called the origination stage.

C) A comprehensive fitness program includes aerobic, resistance, and stretching activities.

________ is the primary source of direct energy ("energy currency") for cells. A) Glucose B) Glycogen C) ATP D) Fat

C) ATP

Which of the following practices is the most reliable way of sanitizing impure water? A) Shaking the water vigorously for 1 minute B) Adding salt to the water C) Boiling the water D) Freezing and thawing the water

C) Boiling the water

Which of the following nutrients can be metabolized for ATP production? A) Vitamin D B) Pantothenic acid C) Fat D) Iron

C) Fat

________ often transmit pathogens to food. A) Spiders B) Snakes C) Flies D) Birds

C) Flies

________ is a physiological change associated with aging. A) Increased blood filtration rate B) Increased brain weight C) Hardening of the arteries D) Fewer episodes of heartburn

C) Hardening of the arteries

To encourage healthy eating practices among children, caregivers should A) use threats or bribes to encourage youngsters to eat unfamiliar foods. B) require youngsters to take at least 3 tablespoons of each food that's on their plates during a meal. C) have youngsters help select and prepare new foods. D) withhold dessert until youngsters finish eating the less appealing foods on their plates.

C) have youngsters help select and prepare new foods.

Caffeine's physiological effects A) lowers blood fatty acid levels. B) is a depressant drug. C) increases urine production. D) reduces the ability of skeletal muscles to contract.

C) increases urine production.

Muscle cells can use the ________ energy system to obtain energy. A) oxaloacetate B) carbon C) lactic acid D) GTP

C) lactic acid

Under anaerobic conditions, muscle cells convert pyruvate to A) vitamin D. B) carbon monoxide. C) lactic acid. D) alanine.

C) lactic acid.

People who exercise regularly can reduce their risk of A) megaloblastic anemia. B) iron deficiency. C) osteoporosis. D) hemosiderosis.

C) osteoporosis.

Harold grows apple trees on his small farm. He practices organic farming methods, so he doesn't use pesticides. This fall, he would like to make minimally-processed organic apple juice that does not contain preservatives. He wants to sell the beverage at the local farmer's market. Based on this information, Harold should ________ before bottling the juice to make it safe for consumers. A) chill the juice for 24 hours B) ferment the juice C) pasteurize the juice D) add BHA to the juice

C) pasteurize the juice

Caregivers should not feed ________ to infants. A) formulas containing lactose or DHA B) rice cereal C) semisolid food in a baby bottle D) soy-based formulas

C) semisolid food in a baby bottle

In the United States, the diets of many school-age children supply too much A) calcium. B) iron. C) sodium. D) potassium.

C) sodium.

People who exercise regularly can reduce their risk of A) megaloblastic anemia. B) chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. C) type 2 diabetes. D) cystic fibrosis.

C) type 2 diabetes.

BJ wants to follow the "Check Your Steps" rules for food safety. When he prepares high-risk foods, he washes his hands before and after touching the food; sanitizes surfaces that come in contact with all foods; avoids cross contamination; cooks meats to their proper internal temperatures; and after meals, he keeps serving dishes with cooked food on the table, so his guests can nibble on the items. After eating one of his meals, he and his dinner guests developed a food-borne illness. Based on this information, which step did he fail to take? A) Pasteurize B) Separate C) Clean D) Chill

D) Chill

Felicia wants to follow the "Check Your Steps" rules for food safety. When she prepares high-risk foods, she avoids cross contamination, cooks raw foods to their safe internal temperatures, and chills leftovers within 30 minutes after serving them. After eating one of her meals, Felicia and her dinner guests developed a food-borne illness. Based on this information, which step did she fail to take? A) Pasteurize B) Irradiate C) Salt D) Clean

D) Clean

________ is a direct (intentional) food additive. A) Sand B) Glass C) Rodent hair D) FD&C Red No. 40

D) FD&C Red No. 40

What is exercise? A) Movement that results from any muscular contraction. B) Muscular activity of vital organs, especially the large intestine, heart, and lungs. C) Movement that results from contracting skeletal muscles. D) Physical activities that are planned and conducted to have fun.

D) Physical activities that are planned and conducted to have fun.

________ stimulates milk production by certain cells in the breast. A) Estrogen B) Progesterone C) Oxytocin D) Prolactin

D) Prolactin

During her 7th month of pregnancy, Sari developed a life-threatening complication of pregnancy that is characterized by hypertension and convulsions. Based on this information, Sari developed A) echolalia. B) endocarditis. C) endometriosis. D) eclampsia.

D) eclampsia.

An effective and comprehensive aerobic workout program A) should be performed once a week to avoid boredom. B) should be performed for at least 90 minutes daily to be effective. C) relies on resistance training. D) gradually increases in duration and intensity of activities.

D) gradually increases in duration and intensity of activities.

The process of pasteurization involves the use of A) radiation to destroy pathogens. B) pressure to immobilize pathogens. C) chemicals to denature pathogens. D) heat to kill pathogens.

D) heat to kill pathogens.

Pregnant women generally need to take a supplement that contains A) oxytocin. B) protein. C) intrinsic factor. D) iron.

D) iron.

Infants are physically ready to start eating solid foods when they A) can digest lactose. B) develop the let-down reflex. C) have most of their primary teeth. D) lose the extrusion reflex.

D) lose the extrusion reflex.

Major nutrition-related concerns of adolescents include ________ intakes. A) high iron B) low protein C) high niacin D) low calcium

D) low calcium