exam 4

With the onset of puberty, girls tend to gain ____ body fat and ____ muscle mass than boys.

more; less

What nutrients are a concern for toddlers on an ovo-lacto-vegetarian diet?

zinc and iron

Carol is a vegan and does not eat dairy foods. Is it possible for her to obtain the daily recommended amount of calcium from a diet without taking supplements?

Carol can easily obtain adequate amounts of calcium from natural foods, even if she is a vegan

The dairy group is the only food group with a significant amount of calcium.

False

Which of the following statements about cortical bone is true?

It is most commonly found in the small bones of the body, such as in the wrists, hands, and feet.

Which meal is likely to exceed the Upper Level (UL) for vitamin A?

Liver and onions with a glass of wine

Which disease-causing microorganism is responsible for the largest number of cases of foodborne illness in the United States?

Norovirus

Which microorganism is the leading cause of foodborne infection in the United States?

Norovirus

Which meal is the highest contributor to dietary vitamin K intake?

Spinach salad with broccoli, red peppers, and ranch dressing at lunch

What do antioxidants do to free radicals?

Stabilize them so they no longer damage the body's molecules or structures.

Mandy Walker, Senior Project Editor at Shop Smart, recommends a strategy for shopping smarter and more safely. What is it?

Start with unrefrigerated items so that your refrigerated foods stay fresher.

Lifestyle and behavior can influence longevity. Which of the following is not one of the four major factors on risk for chronic disease and decreased longevity?

Supplement use

When do humans generally achieve peak bone density?

Twenty to thirty years of age

Which of the following statements regarding calcium is false?

Approximately 50% of calcium is found in the blood.

Which of the following is a modifiable risk factor for osteoporosis?

Body weight

Which of these foods is the best source of vitamin E?

Canola oil

Edgar does not like drinking milk but likes cheese, yogurt, and ice cream. What can you tell about Edgar's calcium intake?

Edgar is getting adequate calcium from his diet. Cheese, yogurt, and ice cream are good sources of calcium.

Which action would you suggest to increase life span?

Engage in 30 minutes of moderate physical activity most days of the week

Once absorbed into the blood, the cholecalciferol travels to the kidney for the final step in activation.

False

When our diet is deficient in vitamin A, mucus production by epithelial cells increases.

False

Which of the following statements about food additives is false?

Food additives are potential toxins that are regulated by the Environmental Protection Agency.

Which of the following statements regarding free radicals is FALSE?

Free radicals donate electrons to unstable compounds.

What is the purpose of the GRAS list?

To identify substances that are deemed safe based on a history of long-term use or expert consensus.

Which food is a good source of protein an encouraged for toddlers on a vegan diet?

Tofu

Calcitonin inhibits the effects of vitamin D on calcium metabolism.

True

Formation of free radicals can increase your risk for cancer and heart disease.

True

Which of the following statements about vitamin D is false?

Vitamin D is produced partially in the large intestine by gastrointestinal flora.

Which program would you recommend specifically for a pregnant woman at risk for undernutrition?

Women, Infants, and Children (WIC)

The active form of vitamin D, also referred to as a hormone, is called __________.

calcitriol

To achieve peak bone capacity in adolescence, adequate _______ intakes are critical.

calcium and vitamin D

Although both methods are used for preserving fruits and vegetables, ______, unlike _____, preserves foods for a few years.

canning; modified atmosphere packaging

Beta-carotene is a ________.

carotenoid

Vitamins C and E work to protect the body's ___.

cell membranes and lungs

You can reduce your exposure to pesticide residues and persistent organic pollutants (POPs) by __________.

choosing to buy organic foods

Antioxidant minerals function as ______ within antioxidant enzyme systems.

cofactors

Vitamin C assists in ________.

collagen synthesis

A trend in food processing over the last few decades has been ________.

decreased federal oversight

Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) provides a measure of bone _______.

density

Toddlers should stop __________ after age 2 to reduce fat intake in their diet.

drinking whole milk

The best way to increase your chances of living a long life is to __________.

eat a balanced, moderate diet

An example of an action that decreases cancer risk is _________.

eating a variety of brightly colored vegetables

A potential benefit of genetic modification is ________.

faster-growing crops

The primary way of keeping your food safe from contamination is __________.

following the four Cs: clean, combat cross contamination, cook, and chill

Side effects of the non-nutritive supplement ginkgo biloba include ____.

headache and dizziness

If you consume a diet _____ in calcium, your body's ability to absorb calcium _____.

high; decreases

Selenium is a trace mineral that appears to play a role in _____ function.

immune

The primary goal of the fair trade movement is _____.

improved wages and treatment for laborers

Micronutrient needs ______ as children get older.

increase

Dr. Richard Besser stated that Congress must fund what specific action to make sure new food preparation rules are followed by manufacturers?

inspections of companies manufacturing or preparing foods

Adolescents need extra calcium and __________ in their diet.

iron

Beta-carotene is a plant chemical that also __________.

is an inactive form of vitamin A

The fluid recommendations for older adults ________.

is the same as for all adults

Physically active older adults _________.

live longer and enjoy better health

Which of the following foods is the best source of calcium?

milk

Current research shows ______ benefits of anti-aging vitamin and mineral supplements.

no

One of the best things you can do to help prevent cancer is _________.

not to smoke

Physiological and anatomical changes associated with aging that can have a negative impact on nutritional status of older adults include ________.

odor, taste, and tactile and visual perception decline

More than __________ of American children are overweight or obese.

one-third

Trabecular bone is ____ and accounts for about _____ of our skeleton.

porous; 20 percent

Obese children are at risk for _____.

reduced academic performance

The new FDA food safety rules require testing as the food leaves the field, processing food at high temperatures, covering stored food, and __________.

retesting food before sending to stores

The best way to select pre-packaged ground beef is to check the __________.

sell-by date

When preparing foods at home, you should always try to do the following: wash your hands and kitchen surfaces often, chill or freeze foods in storage, and ______.

separate foods

One cup of skim milk has approximately 80 kilocalories. One ounce of cheddar cheese has approximately 115 kilocalories. How many kilocalories one would need to be consume to get approximately 250 mg of calcium from these two food sources?

skim milk-80 kilocalories; cheddar cheese-230 kilocalories

What kinds of fish are classified as low-mercury fish?

small non-predatory fish

The three major types of cancer treatment are radiation, chemotherapy, and ________.

surgery

Bone density can be measured by __________.

the T-score of a DEXA test, which measures bone density

The main cause of the high incidence of foodborne illness in the United States is __________.

the system of food mass-production in the United States

Calcium is actively transported through the upper small intestine.

true

Selenium is considered an antioxidant.

true

Mortality rates are highest in elderly people who are __________.

underweight

Prevent foodborne illness at home by ____.

washing hands with warm water

Vitamin C is excreted easily because it is ______.

water soluble

An example of a modifiable risk factor identified by the American Cancer Society is ____.

weight

In addition to dietary intake of certain key vitamins and minerals, healthy bones also require __________.

weight-bearing exercise

Food insecurity affects more than ______ of U.S. households with children.

20 percent

Which of the following meals demonstrates the appropriate portions for a three-year-old child?

3 tablespoons of rice, 3 tablespoons of vegetables, and 3 tablespoons of beans

Healthy adults absorb only about _____ of the calcium from most foods.

30 percent

About _______ of a toddler's daily energy intake should be from fat.

30 to 40 percent

The danger zone is the temperature range between ___.

40° to 140° F

The carbohydrate intake for toddlers should be about ______ of total energy intake.

45 to 65 percent

The ultraviolet rays react with __________ in the skin to begin the process of forming vitamin D.

7-dehydrocholesterol

In the United States, women comprise about ______ of osteoporosis sufferers.

80 percent

Which of the following were recommended to ensure food safety while shopping for groceries? Always put your meats in plastic bags and separate them from the other items in your cart. Use disinfectant wipes on your cart to prevent cross-contamination. Buy only organic produce. Avoid all meats, which are full of bacteria.

1 and 2

According to the CDC, food poisoning sickens how many Americans yearly?

1 in 6

The recommended daily allowance (RDA) for calcium for adults is __________.

1,000 mg per day

Which statement best describes the role of hormones in calcium metabolism?

Parathyroid hormone and active vitamin D stimulate calcium reabsorption by the kidneys.

Who is at greatest risk for vitamin E deficiency?

People with liver or gallbladder diseases

What is the primary reason for undernutrition?

Poverty

What is a good way to help toddlers meet their nutrition needs?

Provide small, frequent meals and snacks

Which is the best food source of beta-carotene?

Pumpkin pie

The term oxidation refers to __________.

an oxygen-fueled chemical reaction that causes a stable atom to lose an electron and become a reactive free radical

The most abundant sources of vitamin A in the diet are __________.

animal-based foods

What is the most common source of food-borne illness that the FDA food safety rules are trying to prevent?

bacterial infections