Exam #4

Secondhand Smo ke

-Increases a child's risk of:-Low birthweight-Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)-Acute lower respiratory tract infections:-Bronchitis-Pneumonia-Complications with Asthma-Chronic respiratory symptoms-Middle ear infections

Substance Abuse

-It is estimated that 22 million Americans struggle with a drug or alcohol problem in a given year. -Almost 95% of people who struggle with substance abuse are unaware of their problem.-Why is this important?-Substance abuse can have a major impact on an individual, family and even communities. -Substance abuse can lead to unintended health consequences.

Six Dependence Criteria for Addiction

1.Spent much time over a month-long period getting, using, or recovering from the effects of the substance.2.Used the substance more often than intended or was unable to set limits on use of the substance.3.Needed to use the substance more than before to get desired effects or noticed that the same amount of substance use had less effect than before. 4.Was unable to cut down or stop using the substance every time he or she tried or wanted to.5.Continued to use the substance even though it was causing problems with emotions, nerves, mental health, or physical problems.6.Found that the substance use reduced or eliminated involvement or participation in important activities.

Stage 1:Attachment & Courting Phase

A.K.A. Romantic Love phase.Developing emotional attachment "Falling in Love"Infatuation and PassionStrong sexual desire

Stage 2: Dealing with Differences/Power Struggles

Conflicts and disagreements are intertwined with emotions.Boundaries and personal space sometimes violated.Feeling claustrophobic"I just need some space"

HIV/AIDs

Est. that around 30% of people are unaware that they are infected. Risky behaviorsSex under the influence of alcohol and/or drugsUnprotected sexVaginal, anal and oralSharing needlesMultiple sex partnersNo cureTesting for HIV3 months

HEALTHY RELATIONSHIP

HappinessTrustLoveAffectionEqualityMutual RespectFriendshipHumor / FunCan be yourselfNo fear of otherStill independent peopleLaughterCommon InterestsSupportFair fightsAcceptanceComfortKindnessStrong self-esteemGood communicationHonesty

What to do...

If you think a friend is in an abuse relationship - be supportiveMake sure they realize it isn't healthy & know there are optionsDON'T judge them or tell them what you would doPractice those listening skillsIf you are in an abusive relationshipBe safeDecide your safest way outYou might need to seek out help from a "safe house" or local agency set up to deal with domestic violence

Middle Child

In general, middle children tend to possess the following characteristics:People-pleasersSomewhat rebelliousThrives on friendshipsHas a large social circlePeacemakerThe middle child often feels left out and a sense of, "well, I'm not the oldest - I'm not the youngest - who am I?"This leads middle children to make their mark among their peers, since parental attention is usually devoted to the beloved firstborn or baby of the family.

Syphilis Stages

Primary. A painless lesion, or chancre, appears at the site of sexual contact 10 to 90 days after exposure and goes away in about three weeks. •Secondary. Bacteria spreads in the body and causes a painless rash, swollen glands, fever, sore throat, weight loss, and low energy; symptoms can last two to six weeks.•Tertiary. The infection continues to spread throughout the body and causes permanent organ damage.

UNHEALTHY RELATIONSHIPS

Problems may begin to arise in relationshipsThey may start out as "innocent" issues and can eventually lead to abuse and violenceMany teens settle for unhealthy relationships and find it difficult to communicate their concerns to their partnersMany individuals don't recognize they are in an unhealthy relationship until they become a statistic

Warning Signs Someone is Abusive and Could be Violent

S/He pressures to make the relationship very serious or to have sexS/He becomes extremely jealous and possessive and thinks these destructive displays of emotion are signs of loveS/He is controlling and bossy (i.e.: makes all the decisions, does not take your opinion seriously, or uses put-downs when alone or with friends)S/He uses guilt trips (i.e.: if you really loved me you would...)

Last born

The baby of the family tends to be:Fun-lovingUncomplicatedManipulativeOutgoingAttention-seekerSelf-centeredYoungest children tend to be the most free-spirited due to their parents' increasingly laissez-faire attitude towards parenting the second (or more) time around.

Female Reproductive System

The female reproductive system includes internal and external organs that work together to produce the necessary hormones for typical sexual development and reproduction.

HIV/AIDS

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). •HIV attacks the body's immune system and affects its ability to fight infections. •The primary modes of transmission are sharing injection-drug needles and having sex with an HIV-infected person.•A person may be symptom free for many years. •Symptoms may include fevers, weight loss, swollen lymph nodes, and oral yeast infections.

Shot (Depo-Provera)

This progestin-only shot is given to women in the upper arm or buttocks every three months.•It does not contain estrogen.•It begins providing protection against pregnancy within 24 hours of the first injection.•There is no menstrual bleeding after one year of use.

STD's

ViralHIV/AIDSHerpesHPV - Genital WartsBacterialGonorrheaChlamydia Commons signs and symptoms of STD'sAsymptomaticPainful UrinationAtypical dischargeBumps, blisters, sores

Warning Signs

Withdrawing from family and friendsDifficulty making decisionsSudden changes in mood or personality (ex: becoming anxious or depressed, acting out and being secretive)Changes in eating or sleeping habits, avoiding eye contactConstantly thinking about their dating partnerUsing alcohol or drugs or increased use of drugs or alcohol

Consequences of Addiction

•If treatment fails or is not sought, addiction can have drastic consequences: •Serious health and social outcomes •Law breaking and arrest•Other kinds of poor decision making•Increased risk of sexual assault (as victim or perpetrator)•Memory loss•Unemployment

Syphilis

•This infection is transmitted by direct contact with the chancre or lesion. •It is concentrated among men (90 percent); of those diagnosed, 82 percent are men who have sex with men.•It is curable with penicillin in the primary and secondary stages if the infection does not spread to other body parts.

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)

•This is a serious, sometimes fatal, complication in women with untreated chlamydia or gonorrhea. •Bacteria cause inflammation, severe abdominal pain, fever, and possible scarring of the Fallopian tubes. •Women diagnosed with PID may have to undergo a hysterectomy due to irreversible damage to the reproductive organs.

Cervical Cap (Fem Cap)

•Though smaller than the diaphragm, it is used similarly—with spermicide and held in place over the cervix by suction. •It must be inserted before sexual intercourse.•It can be reused and can be used with a male condom.

Types of Addiction

•Two primary types exist: substance and behavioral. •Substance abuse involves using drugs not as intended or prescribed but illegally or in harmful doses. •Behavioral addiction involves the desire to feel good and get a high through certain behaviors.

Perceptions of College Life

•Why do misperceptions of college health behavior exist?•How does that contribute to our own behavior?•What can you do to correct misperceptions/stereotypes?

Prescription Drugs

-Can be helpful, if prescribed to you and used correctly-Who were they prescribed to?-How are you taking them? (As prescribed or not)-Why are you taking them?-Can be highly addictive-Possible to overdose-Especially when mixed with alcohol or other drugs

TWU Students were asked to answer Yes or No:

-Have you consumed alcohol in the last 30 days?-Have you had 5 or more drinks in one sitting in the last 2 weeks?-Have you used marijuana in the last 30 days?-Have you used illegal drugs in the last 30 days?-Have you more than one sexual partner?-Have you experienced consequences from alcohol use in the past year?-Have you used prescription drugs that were not prescribed to you?

Secondhand Smo ke

-Poses a significant health risk:-Combination of smoke exhaled from smoker and burning end of cigarette-Sidestream smoke (burning end) is not filtered through the smokes lungs, it has higher levels of carcinogens. -Infants and children especially at risk of illness related to-In adults contributes strongly to heart disease and lung cancer

Relationship Violence

..is the emotional, physical, and/or sexual abuse of one partner by another in a dating relationship where the couple is not living together

TWU Student Health Services

940.898.3826http://www.twu.edu/student-health-services/default.aspHow to make an appt.Call 940.898.3826 or visit https://twu.medicatconnect.com/Pricing:Regular Office Visit: $15Well/Annual Exam: Starting at $85Mental Health Office Visit: $40 for initial visitsFollow-up Mental Health Office Visit: $25STD Testing: begin at $70Medical ServicesMedical services offered include:Well/Annual ExamsGynecological exams and treatmentSTD testing and treatmentContraceptive Advice, Counseling, and PrescriptionsTreatment of Infections, like colds and fluAllergy and Asthma careAthletic and Routine PhysicalsInjury care (sprains, strains, and laceration repair)Mental health servicesReferrals for specialty careLimited minor illness care for pregnant students

Diaphragm

A diaphragm must be inserted into the vagina and placed over the cervix before intercourse.•A spermicide must be applied to the inside of the diaphragm before it is inserted into the vagina. •The diaphragm must remain over the cervix for 6 hours after the sexual encounter and be removed within 24 hours. •It can be reused and can be used with a male condom.

Vaginal Ring

A flexible ring is inserted into the vagina that releases low doses of estrogen and progestin to stop ovulation.•It remains in place for three weeks and is removed during the woman's period.•It must be inserted before intercourse, remain in place during intercourse, and be replaced every month.

What Is Substance Abuse Addiction?

A person is considered to be addicted to, dependent on, or abusing alcohol or illicit drugs if he or she meets at least three of six dependence criteria related to use of hallucinogens, inhalants, or tranquilizers (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders).

Patch

A small patch containing estrogen and progestin is applied to a woman's abdomen, shoulder, side of upper arm, or buttocks.•It prevents ovulation and thickens cervical mucus.•It requires a prescription and must be changed weekly on the same day for three weeks.•It may be less effective for obese women.

Abstinence

Abstinence involves choosing not to have sex but instead waiting to be sexually active until the time is right for you. •Some people wait until marriage to engage in some or all sexual activities. •Abstinence provides 100 percent protection from pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). •Abstinence means no genital-to-genital contact and no contact with bodily fluids, including vaginal secretions, semen, and blood.

"So, Uh...What Are We?"

According to research, there are many stages that a couple goes through in their relationship together. These stages are:Attachment & CourtingDifferences & Power StrugglesIdentity FormationBalance & Unconditional Acceptance

Addiction

Addiction involves dependence on a substance that—when stopped or reduced—leads to psychological and physiological withdrawal symptoms.•An addiction becomes a particular concern when the person is unable to attend to daily responsibilities.•An estimated 27.4 million Americans aged 12 or older have a significant problem with drugs or alcohol.•Addictions are complex and do not result from lack of willpower.

Reducing Your Risk of Sexual Assault

Attend educational programs or join campus organizations focused on understanding personal responsibility for preventing sexual assault.•Take an active role in reducing sexual assault by using safety strategies. •You cannot always prevent sexual assault, but you can take steps to help stay safe.

Most-Common Bacterial STIs

Bacterial STIs come from cells that cause infection and enter the body through the skin or bodily fluid (e.g., semen or vaginal fluid). •If bacterial infection is detected early, it can be treated and often cured with antibiotics.•If you are sexually active, protect yourself from acquiring an STI by using a condom or other barrier method that prevents the exchange of bodily fluids.

Safe Dating cont'd

Be aware of the effects of substance use and the risk of sexual activity as a resultSetting boundaries. Know your limits around sexual activity. Being clear about your limits makes it easier to express them to a date and stick to them.Be honest with your date and use assertive communication. If you no longer want to date that person explain why clearly and simply.

Learning to Listen

Be present in the momentRespond by nodding, smiling but take care not to be distracting with your acknowledgementUse positive body language and voice toneMaintain appropriate eye contactShow empathy and sympathyWatching for nonverbal clues from the speaker and responding make them feel more comfortable able speakingAsk for clarificationThis is to help avoid misinterpretationControl that deadly desire to interruptDon't be so enthusiastic that you finish the speakers' sentencesAvoid snap judgments based on what other people look like or are sayingDon't focus on strange mannerismResist the temptation to "set the other person straight"Don't correct errors or react defensivelyTry to focus on the speakerIf you have experienced something similar to what the speaker is talking about, resist the temptation to get ahead of them and tell them about your experience without listening to themBe tenaciousStick with the speaker and try to keep them on topic

Behavioral Addiction

Behavioral addiction produces some of the same euphoric feelings and negative outcomes as substance abuse. •Examples of behavioral addictions include the following:•Gambling•Internet (or video or computer game) addiction•Sex addiction•Plastic surgery addiction•Binge eating disorder (food addiction)•Excessive exercising

Reasons People Stay

Belief things will get betterProblems are just a phaseThey can change/help their partnerSeen this behavior elsewhereDon't know this is unhealthyHaving a partner is important for survivalScared to break it off (the partner may be violent)75% of women are murdered within a year of trying to get away from their abuser

Warning Signs Someone is Abusive and Could be Violent

Blames you for relationship problems (i.e.: its because of you I get so mad)S/He may apologize for violent behaviors promising never to act violent again and to changeS/He keeps you from spending time with close friends or familyS/He is verbally and emotionally abusive

Communication

Body LanguageFacial expressions, gestures, or body postureBaggage Emotional items brought from past relationships that make us: cynical, distrustful, and guarded.Assertive CommunicationIn touch with feelings and values and are able to directly and honestly communicate their needs or defend their choices in a positive manner

Contraception and Birth Control Methods

Contraception uses methods or devices topreventconception (i.e., the meeting of sperm and egg). •Birth control is a broader term typically including methods that prevent both the fertilization of an egg by the sperm (contraception) and the implantation of a fertilized egg into the uterine wall.

SAFE DATING

Dating should be fun and provide you with an opportunity to get to know the other person. It is important to share decisions around where you will go and what you might do on a date. If it is your first time out together you may want to go out with another couple or in a group.

Stage 4: Balance & Unconditional Acceptance

Deeper IntimacySharing intimate secrets and thoughtsDesiresEmotional Support SystemGiving of each other in many aspects of the relationship

Resource on Campus

Division of Student Life provides on-campus, confidential counseling to students who have experienced domestic violence, sexual assault or abuse, and/or stalking. Regina (Gina) Deleon, a Licensed Professional Counselor, is available to schedule appointments with currently enrolled students in need of counseling, advocacy and/or support related to these issues.Gina is available Monday-Friday from 8:00 am - 5:00 pm with some potential for flexibility in scheduling. Students may email her at [email protected] or call her at 940.898.3610 for an appointment

U.S. Statistics

Every 15 seconds, someone batters a woman; 1 in every 250 such assaults is reportedOver a third of female victims of domestic violence are severely abused on a regular basisThree of every four women murdered are killed by their husbandsPregnant women are more likely to be victims of homicide than to die from any other cause Murder is not the only devastating result of these acts of violenceDepressionPanic attacksDisordered eatingMigraine and other headachesSexually transmitted infections, UlcersAnd social isolation can all be results of domestic violence

Ways to Reduce Your Risk of Sexual Assault

Go with friends when attending parties or other gatherings. •Look out for your friends and ask them to look out for you.•Choose a code word to text to family and friends for help.•Download a safety app on your phone. •Avoid drinks in punch bowls or other containers.•Know your limits when using alcohol or drugs. •Trust your instincts. •Be aware of your surroundings.

Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)

HSV1 can be transferred from the mouth to the genitals; HSV2 can be transferred from the genitals to the mouth. •Symptoms: Small sores or lesions (outbreaks) appear around the mouth or genitals 2 to 12 days after exposure. •Treatment: Because HSV is a virus, it cannot be cured.•Medication can reduce intensity and frequency of outbreaks and may reduce the chance of spread to a sexual partner.

Ho w to He lp a Friend:

Ho w to He lp a Friend:-Alcohol Poisoning-CALL 911, stay with them until help arrives. EVEN IF YOU ARE UNDER 21.-Addiction-Don't enable-Support them, tell them about resources-Resources:-TWU Counseling Center-Student Health Services-Alcoholics Anonymous-Al-Anon

Relationships...

Involve a connection between peopleWe come into contact with many people but few will be relationshipsSome people have many, some prefer few

Implant (Nexplanon)

It contains progestin only.•Small flexible tubes are surgically placed under the skin on the underside of the upper arm. •It suppresses ovulation and thickens cervical mucus. •It lasts three years; fertility returns within days of remova

IUD (Intrauterine Device)

It is placed in the uterus by a health care provider to prevent pregnancy. •Three types are available; they can stay in the uterus for 3, 5, or 10 years, respectively.•It works by thickening cervical mucus and inhibiting fertilization (see figure 12.12).

Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)

It is so common that most sexually active people will be diagnosed with the virus at some point.•Symptoms: Warts appear internally or externally in the genital area between six weeks and eight months after exposure.•Some people never develop the warts.•The CDC recommends that boys and girls be vaccinated between the ages of 11 and 12 years.

Reproductive System

Its primary purpose is to provide the mature sexual organs, cells, and hormones needed to contribute to the next generation. •In utero, the reproductive organs of fetuses of both sexes develop from the same embryonic tissues.•It is difficult to identify, using ultrasound, whether the fetus has male or female genitalia until about the 20th week of gestation.

Improving communication skills

Learning Appropriate Self-DisclosureSharing personal information with others Not storytelling or sharing secrets, rather revealing how you are reacting to the present situation If you share personal information, they should reciprocate and be closer - but what if it causes them to reject you?Being a better listener - we listen best when:We believe that the message is somehow important and relevant to usThe speaker holds our attention through humor, dramatic effect, use of media, or other techniquesWe are in the mood to listen

Healthy Relationship Checklist

Listen to and take your feelings and ideas seriouslyTalk openly and honestly with you about what matters to themNever use threats of harm, violence or suicide to get their own wayNever hit, punch, bite, slap, push or otherwise strike out in anger or jealousyNot try to control what you do, where you go or who you talk to Respect you, and say good things to you and about youEnjoy spending time with youTrust you and earn your trust by keeping confidencesAllow you to enjoy the activities and people that matter to youAccepts your limits about sexual activity, every timeHave a sense of humorCommunicate positively with each other

BENEFITS OF RELATIONSHIPS

LoveCompanionshipSafetyShared interestsAffectionSharing hopes and dreamsSomeone is there for youShared culture or religionSomeone to have fun with

Myths

Myth: If your partner has an STD, you'll see it.Fact: There's often no sign that a person has an STD. Myth: You can avoid STDs by having oral or anal sex.Fact: Where there's sex (oral, anal, vaginal, or even just sexual contact), there can be STDs.Myth: Once you've had an STD, there's no chance of getting it again.Fact: You can get some STDs more than just once.Myth: If you get checked and you're STD free, your partner doesn't need to get checked as well.Fact: Your partner could have an STD and not know it. Myth: Wearing two condoms is better than oneFact: You only need to wear one, two increases frictionMyth: You can't get pregnant if you pull out.Fact: 27% of women become pregnant when using this "birth control method".Myth: A woman must orgasm to get pregnant.Fact: Biologically unnecessary for woman to orgasm to get pregnant.Myth: Everyone's doing it!Fact: 30% of people haven't had sex by the time they turn 20. Myth: Condoms are reusable.Fact: You should you a new and "in-date" condom for each sexual act.Myth: You can't get pregnant if you have sex in the water.Fact: Anytime you have unprotected sex, there is a chance of pregnancy.Myth: Douching or urination after sex, prevents pregnancy.Fact: Any time you have unprotected sex, there is a chance of pregnancy. Myth: You can't get pregnant if you're on your period.Fact: Any time you have unprotected sex, there is a chance of pregnancy.Myth: You can't get pregnant if it's your first time.Fact: Any time you have unprotected sex, there is a chance of pregnancy.

UNHEALTHY RELATIONSHIP

No trustNo respectJealousyAbuse - emotional, physical, sexualBad/no communicationLow self-esteemPower issues Unfair fightsOther person tries to change youLiesManipulationLack of understandingNo funFear

MATURE vs IMMATURE LOVE

Often people feel that they are in love, but sometimes it turns out to be infatuation rather than "mature love"Immature love may involve one person "taking" more than "giving"; jealousy; one person calling the shots, broken promises and possibly violence

Only Children

Only children tend to be:Mature for their agePerfectionistsConscientiousDiligentLeadersWithout any siblings to compete with, the only child monopolizes his parents' attention and resources, not just for a short period of time like firstborns, but forever, making them super-firstborns.

Stage 3: Identity Formation

Partners develop who they are within the relationship.Characteristics can be intertwined, yet still separate.Has the ability to create more features visible and balanced.

Forms of Abuse

Physical AbuseThe intentional use of any action that could cause pain or injury. Shoving, pushing, slapping, kicking, biting, punching, pinching, hair-pulling, throwing things, threatening to cause harm with a weapon. Emotional AbuseAffects our feelings and includes name-calling, insulting, blaming, humiliating, swearing or yelling, being disrespectful, causing embarrassment, being explosive, extreme mood swings, manipulating, being possessive, isolation Psychological AbuseThrowing or breaking things, destroying possessions, threatening to cause personal harm to friends, family or pets, threatening to commit suicide to get their way, threatening gestures or facial expressions, stalking, contact by phone etc. that causes fear or discomfort, guilt tripping, mind games Sexual AbuseUnwanted sexual touching, sexual acts without consent, making fun for not wanting to do certain sexual things, unsafe sexual practices, forcing a person into degrading, humiliating or painful sexual acts, making rude comments or gestures

Additional Resources:

Planned Parenthoodwww.plannedparenthood.comAsk Alicehttp://www.goaskalice.columbia.edu/Bedsiderhttp://bedsider.org/CDChttp://www.cdc.gov/std/http://www.cdc.gov/reproductivehealth/index.htmlStay Teenhttp://stayteen.org/How Stuff Works: Healthhttp://health.howstuffworks.com/sexual-health

Prevention Methods:

STD's AbstinenceCondomLimit sexual activity to one uninfected partnerDental damsDon't share needlesGet tested PregnancyAbstinenceBirth ControlPillPatchRingInjectionIUDCondomFemale CondomEmergency Contraception

Recognizing and Preventing Sexual Assault: Everyone's Responsibility

Sexual assault involves sexual contact or behavior without explicit consent from the person who was assaulted. •It includes•attempting rape;•engaging in unwanted sexual touching (fondling);•forcing the victim to perform sexual acts, such as oral sex or penetration of the perpetrator's body; and•penetration of the victim's body, which is defined as rape.

Three Phases of The Cycle of Violence

Tension building - minor battering occurs, and the woman may become more nurturing and more intent on pleasing the spouse in order to forestall more violence. She assumes guilt for doing something to provoke him and tries hard to avoid doing it again2.Acute battering - pleasing the partner doesn't help, and the abuse can't be predicted or controlled. The spouse is usually trying to "teach her a lesson". When the acute attack is over, he may respond with shock and denial. Both batterer and victim may soft-pedal the seriousness of the attacks3.Remorse/reconciliation - this is the "honeymoon" period, the batterer may be kind, loving, and apologetic, swearing he will never act violently again. The behavior may stop for several weeks or months, and the woman may come to question whether she overreacted

Firstborn

The leader of the pack tends to be:ReliableConscientiousStructuredCautiousControllingAchieversFirstborns bask in their parents' presence, which may explain why they sometimes act like mini-adults. Firstborns are diligent and want to be the best at everything they do. They excel at winning the hearts of their elders

Male External Genitalia

The penis excretes urine out of the body. •When erect, it is the organ for sexual intercourse. •The scrotum is the external part of the male reproductive system that holds the testicles and hangs behind the penis. •It provides the testicles with a nurturing environment for optimal sperm production and maturation. •It keeps the testes at a slightly cooler temperature than the rest of the body for normal sperm development.

Male Internal Organs

The testicles produce testosterone and sperm and are housed in the external structure of the scrotum. •The seminiferous tubules are coiled tubes inside the testes, which produce sperm cells. •The epididymis is a coiled tube on the back of the testes that stores sperm until maturation and transports it out of the scrotum. •The vas deferens is a tube connecting the epididymis to the urethra, into which sperm is forced during sexual arousal. •The urethra allows sperm and semen to leave the body during an ejaculation (semen is composed of sperm and secretions from the internal glands and provides the nutrients necessary for sperm motility and energy). •The vas deferens produces a liquid that is high in fructose, which gives sperm the energy necessary to be motile. •The walnut-shaped prostate gland is located close to the rectum and bladder and provides fluids that nourish the sperm.•The bulbourethral glands (Cowper's glands) excrete a fluid to help lubricate and neutralize the urethra just prior to ejaculation.

Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)

These common diseases are caused by viruses, bacteria, or parasites transmitted through vaginal intercourse, anal intercourse, and oral sex. •If caught early, most can be treated. •Women are more susceptible than men.The most common viral STIs are HIV/AIDS, and human papilloma virus (HPV), and genital herpes simplex virus (HSV). •Viral STIs can be treated but not cured.•Commonly diagnosed bacterial STIs include chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis.

Barrier Birth Control Methods

These methods provide a physical barrier that prevents the sperm and egg from meeting. •Latex condoms can provide an effective barrier and reduce the risk of acquiring many STIs transmitted by genital fluids, as well as HIV (the virus that causes AIDS).

Birth Control Pill

This pill contains progestin and estrogen and is taken at the same time every day to prevent fertilization and inhibit ovulation. •Most packs contain 21 days' worth of pills with hormones or 7 days' worth without hormones. •The pill does not interrupt intercourse, and the user can stop taking it at any time.•Missing a pill decreases effectiveness and necessitates another method (e.g., condom) for at least seven days

Tobacco

Tobacco and it's smoke contain over 400 noxious chemicals, including 200 known poisons and 50 carcinogens.-Types:-Cigarettes -Cigars-Cigarillos-Smokeless-E Cigs-Vapes-Hookah

Treatment of Substance Addictions

Treatment can be obtained through self-help groups and outpatient rehabilitation facilities. •Treatment may require the use of medications.•The best chance of success comes from combining addiction treatment medication with behavioral therapy (e.g., cognitive behavioral therapy, community-based therapy, contingency management or motivational incentives).

What is a Relationship?

Type of connection existing between people related to or having communication with each other. Could be Romantic or Intimate.

Right/Wrong

We all look for something different - what is right, is that which is right for usThere is no right way for a relationship to develop - everyone is different**It is most important that the people in the relationship are happy with the speed the relationship is progressing

RELATIONSHIP

We form relationships when we are born (parents, siblings, family) As we move outside the home, friends, teachers and neighbors become important As we get older, new relationships (teacher-student, employer-employee) are formed

Warning Signs

f someone you know is experiencing an abusive situation, they may show the following signs of changes of behaviorMood or personality changesPhysical injuries like bruises, sores, scratches or broken bones (especially if injuries don't match the story they tell you)Sudden changes in clothes or makeupFailing grades or dropping out of school activitiesEmotional outbursts or over-reacting to things that seem small or unimportant

Alcohol

n the United States, one "standard" drink (or one alcoholic drink equivalent) contains roughly 14 grams of pure alcohol, which is found in: 12 ounces of regular beer, which is usually about 5% alcohol. 5 ounces of wine, which is typically about 12% alcohol. 1.5 ounces of distilled spirits, which is about 40% alcohol.

Birth Order and Personality

t's more because of how parents treat their child because of the order they were born Exceptions to this would be due to blended families, families within families, gap children, and adoption

Resources to Help a Friend

· Alcoholics Anonymous- www.alcoholics-anonymous.org/· In the Rooms - Global Online Meeting List http://meetings.intherooms.com/meetings/search?latitude=33.234973&longitude=- 97.126645&proximity=100· Al-Anon - www.al-anon.alateen.org(888) 425-2666· Narcotics Anonymous - www.na.org · National Suicide Prevention Lifeline - 1-800-273-TALK (8255) TTY: 1-800-799-4889 www.suicidepreventionlifeline.org· National Alliance for the Mentally Ill - 1-800-950-6264· SAMHSA - Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Admin 1-800-662-HELP (4357) Website: http://www.samhsa.gov/Treatment/· Veterans - Can be helped through SAMHSA or locate the closest medical facility.

Survey Says...

•54.7% students consumed alcohol in the last 30 days•81% students had 4 or fewer drinks in one sitting in the last 2 weeks•6.1% students used marijuana in the last 30 days•10.1% students used illegal drugs in the last 30 days•15.2 % students have more than one sexual partner•29.4 % students experienced consequences from alcohol use in the past year•21.5% of students used prescription drugs that were not prescribed to them. Perceived Use...•88.2% students consumed alcohol in the last 30 days•70.5% students used marijuana in the last 30 days

Risk Factors: Why Some People Get Addicted

•Biology. Genetics account for about half of a person's risk for developing an addiction. •Environment.Risk is influenced by lower socioeconomic status, peer pressure to use drugs or engage in risky behavior, significant stress, early exposure to drugs, physical or sexual abuse, and parental guidance. •Development. The earlier that drugs or risky behaviors are introduced or initiated, the more likely addiction or risky behavior is to develop.

Chlamydia

•It is the most commonly reported STI in the United States.•Highest prevalence occurs among 15- to 24-year-olds.•Symptoms appear 7 to 30 days after exposure; many people do not experience symptoms. •Men: discharge from penis, pain in testicles, swollen testicles, painful urination •Women: odorous discharge from vagina, mid-cycle bleeding•It is easily cured with antibiotics if diagnosed early.

Gonorrhea

•Known as "the clap" or "the drip," it is the second most commonly reported STI in the United States.•It can infect the genitals, rectum, or throat.•Symptoms appear two to seven days after exposure.•Men: white or yellowish discharge from penis, pain when urinating, fever•Women: white or yellowish vaginal discharge, mid-cycle bleeding, pain when urinating, fever, severe abdominal pain•It is easily cured with antibiotics if diagnosed early.

Consequences of Substance Abuse

•Long-term drug use affects the brain's ability to perform various functions :•Learning•Good judgment•Decision making•Adaptation to stressful situations•Memory•Healthy behavior

Condoms

•Male condoms •Place the condom over an erect penis before intercourse and pinch the tip of the condom to prevent an air bubble from forming. •After ejaculation, remove the condom and dispose of it in the trash; ensure that the semen remains in the condom. •Female condoms •Insert the condom into the vagina; the smaller circle covers the cervix, and the larger circle covers the vulva. •It cannot be used with the male condom.

Treatment of Behavioral Addictions

•Similar to those for substance abuse•Psychosocial support, medication, self-help support groups, motivational enhancement, and cognitive behavioral therapies•Identifying specific behaviors that lead to negative outcomes•Developing alternative coping mechanisms

Consequences of Behavioral Addiction

•Spending excessive time engaged in the behavior and being unable to reduce that time•Lacking control over the behavior•Inability to carry out daily activities (e.g., going to work) and maintain positive relationships•Inability to resist behaving in ways that harm self or others •Intense cravings prior to the behavior

Emergency Contraception (Morning-After Pill)

•Taken after unprotected intercourse to prevent pregnancy.•Should be taken within three days for optimal effectiveness.•Delays or prevents ovulation to prevent fertilization.•Inhibits the Fallopian tubes from drawing the egg toward the uterus.•Can be up to 95 percent effective in preventing pregnancy if taken within the first 24 hours after unprotected sex.

Stay Drug Free, Now and for Life

•The best way to prevent substance abuse is to never try illicit drugs.•Instead, become involved in extracurricular activities.•Attend all classes and take advantage of assistance from professors to do well.•Make a commitment to get at least eight hours of sleep per night, get some physical activity every day, and maintain a healthy weight. Hang around people who do not use illicit drugs or drink alcohol. •Take courses or attend events to learn more about the dangers of drugs and alcohol, signs of addiction, and the connection between these substances and sexual assault. •Contribute to substance abuse prevention on your campus by volunteering to be part of alternative, responsible ways to have fun.

Birth Control Methods

•The lowest failure rates are provided by the implant (Nexplanon), intrauterine device (IUD), and sterilization (tubal ligation or vasectomy) methods.•They are long-term methods and do not require attention to perfect use (e.g., remembering to take medication or correctly and consistently using a device or gel during every sexual encounter).

Female External Genitalia (Vulva)

•The mons pubis is a soft area made of fatty tissue that covers the pubis bone. •The clitoris, located at the top of the vaginal vestibule, is a small erectile organ and is the most sensitive area related to sexual pleasure for many women. •The labia majora (outer lips) and labia minora (inner lips) are elongated folds of skin that protect the internal organs and provide lubrication during sexual intercourse.

Female Internal Organs

•The primary functions are to produce the oocytes (eggs or ova) and hormones necessary for a successful pregnancy.•The ovaries are oval-shaped organs about the size of a walnut that are positioned in the upper portion of the pelvic cavity on both sides of the uterus. •The Fallopian tubes are about 3 to 6 inches (8 to 14 cm) long. •The end that hovers over the ovary has fingerlike projections called fimbriae. •The uterus is a thick-walled muscular organ about the size of a fist and shaped like an inverted pear. •At the base of the uterus is the cervix. •If a woman does not become pregnant after ovulation, then the uterine lining, or endometrium, is shed as menstrual blood about every 28 to 32 days. The vagina (birth canal) is a canal-like muscular organ that receives sperm during intercourse and serves as a passageway for menstrual blood leaving the body and for the baby during delivery. •The vagina is about 3.6 inches (9 cm) long and extends from the vaginal opening to the cervix, where the uterus attaches at about a 90-degree angle. •The vaginal opening may be partially or completely obstructed by a thin membrane called the hymen.

Male Reproductive System

•The primary roles of the male reproductive system are to•produce male sex hormones and•produce, store, and transport sperm and semen to aid in fertilization of the female egg. •The ability for men to produce sperm begins in puberty.

Substance Abuse: Drug Addiction

•When a drug is taken repeatedly and not as prescribed, chemical changes in the brain lead the person to seek more of the drug for its euphoric and pleasurable effects. •These feelings are caused primarily by dopamine in the brain. •After taking a drug for a long period, the brain produces less dopamine, thus creating a desire to take higher doses, which can lead to addiction.