Exam 4 Adult II
CVID (common variable immunodeficiency)
- CVID develop pernicious anemia, a condition in which the body cannot make enough red blood cells due to an inability to absorb vitamin B12. - CVID are susceptible to infections with Hemophilus influenzae, streptococcus pneumoniae, and staphylococcus aureus.
______________which are protein markers on cells, are substances capable of inducing a specific immune response and of reacting with the products of that response.
Antigens
Stage 3 of HIV
CD4+T <200, HIV into AIDS.
Ganciclovir is a treatment for_____ and what is a severe adverse effect to look out for?
CMV, severe neutropenia.
Stage 2 of HIV
Chronic/Latency CD4+T 200-499
Stage 0 of HIV
HIV infection, no detected w/labs
foscarnet is a treatment fo Cytomeglovirus retinitis, what are some adverse effect to look out for?
Hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia
Stage Unknown of HIV
No know data of CD4+T
Vaccines are less effective in what age group and why?
Older adults because of age
Stage 1 of HIV
Primary/Acute CD4+T 500-1500
A patient is on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for the treatment of HIV. What does the nurse know would be an adequate CD4 count to determine the effectiveness of treatment for a patient per year? a. 50 mm3 to 150 mm3 b. 1 mm3 to 10 mm3 c. 10 mm3 to 20 mm3 d. 20 mm3 to 45 mm3
a
T-cell and B-cell lymphocytes are the primary participants in the immune response. What do they do? a. T-cell and B-cell lymphocytes distinguish harmful substances and ignore those natural and unique to a person. b. T-cell and B-cell lymphocytes respond to the body's invasion by macrophages. c. T-cell and B-cell lymphocytes react to the body's lack of B12 . d. T-cell and B-cell lymphocytes distinguish harmful treatments from curative treatments.
a
A client has undergone a kidney transplant. The nurse is concerned about a compromised immune system in this client for which reason? a. Use of anti-rejection drugs b. Excess circulating lymphocytes c. Deficient circulating antibodies d. Excess circulating hemoglobin
a Clients who receive a kidney transplant must take immunosuppressant drugs to prevent rejection of the transplant. These drugs cause a compromised immune system.
Function of IgM
appears as the first immunoglobulin produced in response to bacterial and viral infections.
A client with an allergic disorder calls the nurse and asks what treatment is available for allergic disorders. The nurse explains to the client that there is more than one treatment available. What treatments would the nurse tell the client about? a. Sublingual-swallow immunotherapy (SLIT) b. Desensitization c. Sublingual-topical immunotherapy (STIT) d. Resensitization
b Desensitization is a form of immunotherapy in which a person receives weekly or twice-weekly injections of dilute but increasingly higher concentrations of an allergen without interruption.
Functiong of IgG
bloodborne and tissue infections.
The nursing instructor is discussing the development of human immunodeficiency disease (HIV) with the students. What should the instructor inform the class about helper T cells? a. They are activated on recognition of antigens and stimulate the rest of the immune system. b. They attack the antigen directly by altering the cell membrane and causing cell lysis. c. They have the ability to decrease B-cell production. d. They are responsible for recognizing antigens from previous exposure and mounting an immune response.
a
A parent has brought a child to the clinic for a wellness check. While talking with the nurse, the parent asks the nurse to suggest a diet that will maximize the immune function of growing children. What dietary pattern should the nurse suggest? a. Diet rich in iron, zinc, and vitamin E b. Diet rich in potassium, magnesium, and sodium c. Diet rich in amino acids and essential fatty acids d. Moderate diet that is balanced and varied
d
Function of IgD
possibly influences B-lymphocyte differentiation.
Function of IgA
protects against respiratory, gastrointestinal, and genitourinary infections
Which medication classification is known to inhibit prostaglandin synthesis or release? a. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (in large doses) b. Antibiotics (in large doses) c. Adrenal corticosteroids d. Antineoplastic agents
a
In which response do T lymphocytes have a role? a. Anaphylaxis b. Allergic hay fever and asthma c. Bacterial phagocytosis and lysis d. Transplant rejection
d
A nurse is exposed to hepatitis C and receives a shot of gamma globulin. What type of immunity does this nurse have? a. Natural immunity b. Artificially acquired active immunity c. Naturally acquired active immunity d. Passive immunity
d Passive immunity develops when ready-made antibodies are given to a susceptible person. The antibodies provide immediate but short-lived protection from the invading antigen. No memory cells are produced, and the level of the injected antibodies diminishes over a period of several weeks to a few months.
