Exam 4: Ch 13 HW Q's

Which of the following is NOT correct concerning nerves?

Nerves are collection of axons of either sensory or motor neurons but not both.

Your patient is unhappy about the injection that you are preparing to administer into her buttock. "If you have to do it, give it right in the middle," she insists. How should you respond?

"I'm sorry, but I need to inject into the upper outer quadrant of your buttock to avoid damaging the sciatic nerve."

Receptor level (1)

- Free nerve endings (pain, cold, warmth) - Muscle spindle - Joint kinesthetic receptor

Circuit level (2)

- Thalamus - Reticular formation

Simple spinal reflex arc

1) Receptor 2) Afferent neuron 3) Integration center 4) Efferent neuron 5) Effector

Hierarchy of motor control from lowest to highest level of control?

1) Segmental level 2) Projection level 3) Precommand level

A herniated lumbar disc could interfere with _______.

1) Skin sensations from the lateral thigh 2) Skin sensations from the medial thigh 3) Adduction of the thigh

Which receptor might function as a nociceptor?

A - Nociceptors respond to potentially damaging stimuli, such as noxious chemicals or extremes of temperature or pH. Nociceptors are generally associated with free nerve endings of specialized neurons.

Which of the following is NOT required for a reflex arc?

Interneurons

Which of the following cranial nerves carries only motor information?

Abducens

A _______ sensory neuron carries information from the muscle to the CNS.

Afferent

Nerves that carry impulses toward the CNS only are _____ _____.

Afferent nerves

Which receptor types function as an exteroceptor?

All of the structures illustrated are sensitive to stimuli arising outside the body.

Which of the receptor types shown here functions exclusively as a proprioceptor?

B - Proprioceptors are sensitive to stimuli associated with body movements. The muscle spindle shown in B is responsive to muscle stretch.

Which receptors respond to stimuli within the body?

Interoceptors

Severe whiplash, or acceleration flexion-extension neck injury, may cause numbness, tingling, or weakness in an accident victim's arms. Most injuries happen in the C5 and C6 region. Which nerve plexus would this injury most likely involve?

Brachial

Inborn or intrinsic reflexes are _______.

Involuntary, yet may be modified by learned behavior.

The phrenic nerve is a branch from the _____ _______.

Cervical plexus

Prefix meaning chemical.

Chem-

The senses of taste and smell use _______ to detect and process taste and smell information.

Chemoreceptors

Prefix meaning skull.

Crani-

Nerves that emerge from the base of the brain and pass through the skull are _______ nerves.

Cranial

Which reflex is triggered when a stranger suddenly grasps your arm?

Crossed-extensor reflex

Which of the receptor types contributes to the sense of touch by responding to light pressure?

E - The epithelial tactile complex (Merkel cell and disc) shown in E would be located in the base of the epidermis and would detect light touch.

Which connective tissue layer directly surrounds individual axons in a nerve?

Endoneurium

In a crossed-extensor reflex, if the right arm was grabbed it would flex and the left arm would ________.

Extend

True or false? CNS nerve fibers regenerate because of the actions of Schwann cells.

False

True or false? The sensory division of the PNS is also known as the efferent division.

False - afferent

Complicated interlacing of the ventral rami form networks called nerve plexus. The crisscrossing of the nerve fibers from the various spinal nerves is advantageous because _______.

Injury to any single spinal nerve will be less damaging as there is less chance of total loss of inner at ion to any particular organ.

Regeneration within the CNS _______.

Is prevented due to growth-inhibiting proteins of oligodendrocytes.

Which type of sensory receptor allows us to feel an insect landing on our skin?

Mechanoreceptor

Tactile sensation is a combination of touch, pressure, stretch, and vibration. Which of the following is most likely the receptor type that senses stimulation?

Mechanoreceptors

Prefix meaning meninges.

Mening-

The part of a spinal nerve that innervates the meninges is the _______ _______.

Meningeal branch

Hiccups would occur if there was irritation or damage to the the ______.

Motor branches of ventral rami associated with the C3-C5 region of the spinal cord.

A Morton's (plantar) neuroma is a foot condition due to swelling of the common plantar digital nerve. It can cause excruciating pain felt between the third and fourth metatarsal bones when walking. Which of the following would NOT be a factor responsible for this disorder?

Nerve thinning

If someone spills very hot coffee (200°F) on their skin, they will likely perceive much pain. Which of the following receptor types is causing this sensation?

Nociceptors

_______ are receptors that can respond to painful stimuli.

Nociceptors

A patient is suffering from the inability to distinguish various types of odors. This patient may have damage to which of the following?

Olfactory nerve (CN I)

In order for you to realize there has been a sensory change, it has to reach the _____ level of processing.

Perceptual

Prefix meaning light.

Photo-

Receptor that respond to light are _________.

Photoreceptor

Perceptual level (3)

Somatosensory cortex

Which of the following is NOT used to classify sensory receptors?

The number of dendritic endings present.

Injury to cervical vertebra C3-C4 is particularly problematic because _______.

The phrenic nerve that serves the diaphragm receives its fibers from here.

Receptors that respond to changes in room temperature are found in the skin. Which of the following pairs of classifications below best fit the receptor type that is being described above?

Thermoreceptors that are also exteroceptors

Dermatology maps are useful to clinicians because ________.

They can help pinpoint the location of spinal injury.

_________ mostly do NOT exhibit the property of adaptation.

Tonic receptors

True or false? Dorsal and ventral rami are similar in that they both contain sensory and motor fibers.

True

True or false? Irritation of the phrenic nerve may cause diaphragm spasms called hiccups.

True

True or false? The second cranial nerve formals a chiasma at the base of the brain for partial crossover of neural fibers.

True

Which cranial nerve innervated most of the visceral organs?

Vagus

Problems in balance may follow trauma to which nerve?

Vestibulocochlear (CN VIII)

Which cranial nerve transmits auditory information?

Vestibulocochlear (CN VIII)