Exam 4 Study Guide

Put following steps in prokaryotic translation in chronological order 1. binding of mRNA with the small ribosomal subunit 2. recognition of the initiation codon 3. complementary base pairing between initiator codon and anticodon of initiator tRNA 4. Base pairing of the mRNA codon following the initiator codon with its complementary tRNA 5. attachment of the large ribosomal subunit

1, 2, 3, 5, 4

in birds, sex is determined by a ZW chromosome scheme. male pigeons are ZZ and female pigeons are ZW. A lethal recessive allele that causes death of the embryo occurs on the Z chromosome in some pigeons. What would be the sex ratio in the surviving offspring of a cross between a male heterozygous for this lethal allele and a normal female?

2:1 male female

a codon is

3 nucleotides in consecutive order in mRNA

a particular set of bases in the template strand of DNA is 5' TCT TCA 3'. the corresponding sequence in the mRNA that is transcribed is

3' AGA AGU

A possible sequence of nucleotides in the mRNA that would code for the polypeptide sequence ser-gin-cys-met would be (the table indicates codons with 5' on the left and 3' on the right)

3' AGG-GUU-ACA-UAC 5'

if guanine makes up 12% of the nucleotides in a sample of DNA form one organism approximately what percentge of the nucleotides in this sample will be thymine?

38%

In a set of mapping experiments you have determined the recombination frequencies for the four linked genes of Drosophila shown below. what is the order of these genes on a chromosome map?

A-W-E-G

chargaff propsed that in any organism

A=T and C=G

a primer has been made using one strand of DNA as a template as shown below. which enzyme will use the primer to start making new DNA?

DNA polyerase III

RNA is used as a template for protein synthesis instead of translating proteins directly from the DNA because

RNA can be modified without damaging the DNA

in the process of transcription in either a prokaryote or eukaryote

RNA is synthesized

the enzyme that synthesizes mRNA is

RNA polymerase

which of the following best describes the addition of nucleotides to a growing DNA molecule?

a nucleotide is added to the 3' end of DNA releasing 2 phosphates

All the following are involved in transcription EXCEPT

deoxyribonucleotide monomers

DNA replication in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes requires

double-stranded DNA, 4 kinds of deoxyribonucleotides, primers, origins

Thomas Hunt Morgan crossed pure-breeding red-eyed and white-eyed fruit flies. all the F1 generation had red-eyes. when he crossed the individuals in this F1 generation to each other, the F2 generation included both red-eyed and white-eyed flies. All the white-eyed flies in the F2 were male. (all males are XY) What is the explanation for the result?

gene for eye color is on the Y chromosome

A part of an mRNA molecule with the following sequence is being read by a ribosome: 5' GGC-GCA-UGC 3' (mRNA) The following table shows charged transfer RNA molecules (with their anticodons shown in the 3' to 5' direction) that are available. The tripeptide formed from the above codons will be

glycine-alanine-cysteine

during the formation of gametes, nondisjunction of a chromosome pair occured early in meiosis I, what would be the result at the completion of meiosis?

half of the gametes will be n+1 and half will be n-1

the primary transcript in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell is _____ the functional mRNA. while the primary transcript in a prokaryotic cell is ____ the functional mRNA

larger than/the same size as

What is the difference between the leading strand and the lagging strand in DNA replication?

leading strand is synthesized continuously in the 5' to 3' direction while the lagging strand is synthesized in short segments in the 5' to 3' direction

hershey and chase exploited the fact that DNA contains ____ while proteins contain ____ both exclusively

phosphate/sulfur

The image below represents a change in a protein that results in sickle cell disease. what is this change called?

point mutation

the DNA double helix has a uniform diameter becuase

pyrimidines pair with purines

After transcription, eukaryotic pre-mRNA can undergo modifications that include

removal of introns

DNA synthesis occurs by the process known as

semiconservative replication

the image below represents a metabolic pathway that synthesizes two related amino acids (D and F) from precursor A. of there is a genetic defect that results in a defective enzyme 3, how could you make sure that enough amino acid F is synthesized?

supplement the medium with intermediate E

the virus transduction experiment conducted by Hershey and Chase, and the bacteria transformation experiment of Griffith, both support the conclusion

that DNA is the molecular substance of genetic inheritance

According to the table and figure below representing data similar to the Beadie and Tatum experiment, which enzyme is defective in mutant #2?

the enzyme that converts ornithine to citruline

as a ribosome moves along a mRNA molecule by one codon, which of the following occurs?

the tRNA that was in the A site moved into the P site

What is the role of the signal peptide?

to direct the growing polypeptide into the ER

which of the following statements is TRUE about translation in prokaryotes?

translation can begin while transcription is still in progress

Calico (black and orange fur patches) cats are genetic mosaics and occur exclusively in females because

x chromosomes are randomly inactivated in the developing female embryo