Exam 5: Digestive system

Arrange the following structures in order from the small intestine to the rectum (1) ascending colon (2) descending colon (3) sigmoid colon (4) transverse colon

1,4,2,3

Arrange the following in order from largest to smallest (1) dipeptide (2) protein (3) amino acid (4) polypeptide

2,4,1,3

Infants had ____ deciduous teeth, whereas adults have _______ permanent teeth

20; 32

Arrange the ducts in the order that bile would pass through them when moving from the bile canaliculi to the small intestine without being stored in the gallbladder. (1) common bile duct (2) common hepatic duct (3) cystic duct (4) left and right hepatic ducts

4,2,1

Which of the following does not illustrate digestion? A. CO2 and H20 --> carbohydrate B. disaccharide --> monosaccharide C. polysaccharide --> disaccharide D. fat --> fatty acids and glycerol E. protein --> amino acids

A. CO2 and H20 --> carbohydrate

Which of the following is true about gallstones? A. all of these B. can block secretion of pancreatic juice into the duodenum C. can be benign (stay in gallbladder) D. none of these E. can block the secretion of bile from the cholecyst

A. all of these

Feces consists of A. all of these are found in feces B. sloughed off epithelial cells C. bacteria D. undigested food E. water

A. all of these are found in feces

functions of the liver include A. all of these are functions of the liver B. production of many blood proteins C. interconversion of nutrients D. detoxification of harmful chemicals E. bile production

A. all of these are functions of the liver

What is found within an intestinal villus A. blood capillaries and a lacteal B. all of these C. stratified squamous epithelium D. peyer patches and adipose E. none of these

A. blood capillaries and a lacteal

Food in the stomach is squeezed and mixed with gastric juices, forming a semiliquid called A. chyme B. biles C. feces D. bolusin E. phlegm

A. chyme

Mastication A. increases the surface area of food particles B. is never under voluntary control C. decreases the efficiency of digestion D. occurs in both the mouth and stomach E. increases the volume of food particles

A. increases the surface area of food particles

The movement of the molecules out of the digestive tract into circulation or the lymphatic system is A. chemical digestion B. absorption C. secretion D. Peristalsis E. none of the above

B. absorption

Pancreatic islets A. excrete mucus B. are endocrine in function C. produce digestive enzymes D. are exocrine in function E. are found in the stomach wall

B. are endocrine in function

The term canine describes the tooth that A. are only found as permanent teeth B. are lateral to the incisors, used for puncturing and tearing C. are most anterior, used for slicing and cutting D. bear dental cusps for cutting and grinding

B. are lateral to the incisors, used for puncturing and tearing

The anticipation of eating food causes an increase in the secretion of gastric juice. This phase of gastric secretion is called the _____ phase. A. conscious B. cephalic C. pancreatic D. intestinal E. gastric

B. cephalic

Gallstones are usually composed of precipitated A. gallium B. cholesterol C. uric acid D. calcium salts E. bile pigments

B. cholesterol

The hepatopancreatic ampulla is formed by the union of the A. cystic duct and interlobular duct B. common bile duct and pancreatic duct C. greater duodenal papilla with the lesser duodenal papilla D. pancreatic duct with lacteals E. hepatic ducts and cystic ducts

B. common bile duct and pancreatic duct

What structure moves food from the pharynx to the stomach? A. laryngopharynx B. esophagus C. epiglottis D. larynx

B. esophagus

Peristalsis occurs in the digestive tract A. only in the rectum and anus B. from the esophagus to the rectum C. in the stomach, small intestine, and large intestine D. in the small and large intestines only E. in the stomach and small intestine only

B. from the esophagus to the rectum

Where is the uvula located? A. under the tongue B. hanging in the fauces C. lateral wall of the fauces D. on the hard palate

B. hanging in the fauces

Nutrient-rich blood from the digestive tract comes to the liver by way of the A. hepatic artery B. hepatic portal vein C. Celiac trunk D. hepatic vein E. inferior vena cava

B. hepatic portal vein

Emulsificiation A. converts small lipid droplets into large droplets B. increases surface area for lipid digestion C. chemically digests lipids D. involves enzymes E. occurs in the gallbladder

B. increases surface area for lipid digestion

Which of the following is NOT a muscle of mastication that elevates the mandible? A. masseter B. lateral pterygoids C. medial pterygoids D. temporalis

B. lateral pterygoids

The digestive functions performed by saliva and salivary amylase respectively are A. none of these choices are correct B. moistening and starch digestion C. swallowing and fat digestion D. flushing and protein digestion E. peristalsis and polysaccharide digestion

B. moistening and starch digestion

Which layer of the digestive tract is in direct contact with the food consumed? A. muscularis B. mucosa C. peritoneum D. submucosa E. serosa

B. mucosa

Which of the following cell types of the stomach is correctly matched with its function? A. chief cells - produce mucus B. parietal cells- produce hydrochloric acid C. mucous cells - produce intrinsic factor D. chief cells produce hormones E. endocrine cells - produce enzymes

B. parietal cells- produce hydrochloric acid

Which of the following occurs as a low pH of stomach secretions? A. lipid digestion B. proper environment for functioning of pepsin C. protein synthesis D. enhanced carbohydrate digestion E. activation of salivary amylase

B. proper environment for functioning of pepsin

The _____ regulates the flow of contents from the stomach to the duodenum A. fundic region B. pyloric sphincter C. antrum D. gastric rugae E. cardiac region

B. pyloric sphincter

The gallbladder A. breaks down red blood cells B. stores bile C. is attached to the pancreas D. produces secretion E. produces bile

B. stores bile

The alimentary canal extends in its entirety, from A. the liver to the gallbladder B. the mouth to the anus C. the anus the the pharynx D. the mouth to the large intestine E. the stomach to the small intestine

B. the mouth to the anus

A sphincter is a A. thickening of the longitudinal layer of the muscularis that propels materials through the GI tract. B. thickening of the circular layer of the muscularis that controls movement of materials through the GI tract. C. fold of the mucosa of the GI tract that increases the total surface area for absorption of nutrients. D. circle of adventitia that anchors the GI tract to neighboring structures.

B. thickening of the circular layer of the muscularis that controls movement of materials through the GI tract.

Parasympathetic nerves extend to the digestive tract through the _______ nerve. A. cardiac B. vagus C. accessory D. gastric

B. vagus

The villi, microvilli and plicae circularis function to A. promote peristalsis B. liberate hormones C. Increase surface area for absorption D. produce bile E. stimulate chemical digestion

C. Increase surface area for absorption

The central vein in each hepatic lobe contains which of the following? A. none of these B. waste products from hepatocytes C. all of these D. blood from hepatic portal vein E. blood from hepatic artery

C. all of these

Salivary amylase digests A. all of the above B. proteins C. carbohydrates D. fats E. vitamins

C. carbohydrates

The inferior esophageal sphincter is also known as the A. pyloric sphincter B. esophageal hiatus C. cardiac sphincter D. pharyngoesophageal sphincter E. pharynealogastric sphincter

C. cardiac sphincter

Pepsinogen is produced by ____________ and is activated by ___________ which is secreted by_____________. A. parietal cells, hydrochloric acid , chief cells B. parietal cells, carbonic anhydrase, chief cells C. chief cells, hydrochloric acid, parietal cells

C. chief cells, hydrochloric acid, parietal cells

The ________ stores excess glucose in the forms of glycogen and releases it into the blood when needed A. spleen B. small intestine C. liver D. stomach E. pancreas

C. liver

Which is the correct order of regions of the digestive tract from superior to inferior? A. pharynx, esophagus, large intestine, small intestine B. stomach, esophagus, large intestine, small intestine C. oral cavity, esophagus, pharynx, duodenum D. anus, large intestine, stomach, esophagus

C. oral cavity, esophagus, pharynx, duodenum

Which of the following nutrients must be digested before it can be absorbed? A. minerals B. vitamins C. proteins D. cholesterol E. water

C. proteins

Which of the following nutrients is absorbed by the lacteals in the small intestine? A. glucose B. water-soluble vitamins C. triglycerides D. minerals E. amino acids

C. triglycerides

The enteric plexus A. none of these B. Controls movement and secretion of the digestive tract C. Contains primarily sympathetic neurons and fibers D. Consists of the network of connective tissue to provide strength and structure E. is found in the mucosa

D. Consists of the network of connective tissue to provide strength and structure

Enzymes present in the small intestine include... A. lipase B. disaccharidases C. none of these D. all of these E. amylase

D. all of these

Which of the following is/are function(s) of the small intestine? A. none of these B. mixing (via segmental contractions) C. Chemical digestion of food D. all of these E. absorption of nutrients

D. all of these

Carbohydrate digestion begins in the ________ whereas protein digestion begins in the __________. A. stomach, small intestine B. liver, small intestine C. mouth, small intestine D. mouth, stomach E. small intestine, stomach

D. mouth, stomach

The major secretion of the large intestine is A. hormones B. bile C. bacteria D. mucus E. vitamines

D. mucus

Which of the following is true about pancreatic juice? A. It is stored in the cholecyst B. It is formed by alpha, beta and delta cells in the pancreas C. all of these are true D. none of these are true E. it is acidic to aid stomach acid in digestion

D. none of these are true

An example of chemical digestion is the breakdown of ________ into _________. A. polysaccharides --> amino acids B. amino acids --> proteins C. fatty acids --> cholesterol D. nucleic acids --> nucleotides E. proteins --> nucleotides

D. nucleic acids --> nucleotides

The salivary glands that open into the oral cavity beside the frenulum of the tongue are the A. labial glands B. lacrimal glands C. parotid glands D. submandibular glands E. Sublingual glands

D. submandibular glands

What keeps the bolus from entering the larynx during deglutition? A. the tongue B. the upper esophageal sphincter C. the uvula D. the epiglottis

D. the epiglottis

Arrange the following in proper sequence (1) digestion (2) elimination (3) ingestion (4) absorption A. 1,4,3,2 B. 3,4,2,1 C. 3,4,1,2 D. 4,1,2,3 E. 3,1,4,2

E. 3,1,4,2

The muscularis layer in the wall of the digestive tract is A. Connective tissue and the peritoneum B. In direct contact with food that is consumed C. The layer of the digestive tract wall that contains capillaries for absorption of nutrients D. skeletal muscle throughout the digestive tract, especially in the large intestine E. Composed of a layer of circular smooth muscle fibers and a layer of longitudinal smooth muscle fibers

E. Composed of a layer of circular smooth muscle fibers and a layer of longitudinal smooth muscle fibers

One of the major functions of the large intestine is to A. regulate the release of bile B. digest alcohol C. secrete digestive enzymes D. break down hemoglobin E. absorb ingested water

E. absorb ingested water

Edith suffers from severe heartburn. She goes to her physician and is diagnosed with a hiatal hernia. This condition is a consequence of a weakness in her A. stomach wall B. pelvic wall C. small intestine D. abdominal wall E. diaphragm

E. diaphragm

Bile A. digests proteins in the small intestine B. is made by the gallbladder and stored by the liver C. activates the pancreas D. activates trypsin in the small intestine E. emulsifies fats in the small intestine

E. emulsifies fats in the small intestine

Inability of the pyloric sphincter to open would prevent A. digestive enzymes form being released B. stomach acid from being released C. food from entering the stomach D. the making of chyme E. food to enter the small intestine

E. food to enter the small intestine

The anal canal A. contains many goblet cells B. has an external sphincter composed of smooth muscle C. begins at the descending colon and ends at the rectum D. contains tubular glands called crypts E. has an internal sphincter composed of smooth muscle

E. has an internal sphincter composed of smooth muscle

What portion of the small intestine is most distal from the pylorus of the stomach? A. jejunum B. common bile duct C. hepatopancreatic ampulla D. duodenum E. ileum

E. ileum

The defecation reflex A. constricts the internal anal sphincter B. none of these choices are correct C. lasts several hours D. inhibits further peristalsis in the rectum and lower colon E. is stimulated by distention of the rectum

E. is stimulated by distention of the rectum

The mechanical breakup of food in the mouth is called A. absorption B. peristalsis C. perturbation D. salivation E. mastication

E. mastication

Food is prevented from entering the nasal cavity during swallowing by the A. palatine tonsils B. tongue C. epiglottis D. nasal septum E. none of these

E. none of these (uvula)

Which bones form the hard palate? A. ethmoid and sphenoid B. palatine bones C. maxilla and inferior nasal conchae D. maxilla and sphenoid E. palatine bones and maxilla

E. palatine bones and maxilla

The digestive juice that contains enzymes capable of digesting all major food groups is A. salivary juice B. hepatic juice C. gastric juice D. biliary juice E. pancreatic juice

E. pancreatic juice

T or F. Food is masticated within the space/area called the vestibule.

False

T or F. A patient with a fecal impaction may exhibit diarrhea

True