Exam 5 Review Blood
The average functional lifespan of a RBC is
100-120days
Normal whole blood contains _____g of hemoglobin per 100 mL
12-18g
Blood normally clots in approximately
3 to 6 minutes
There are an average of _____ WBC's per cublic millimeter in whole blood
4000-11,000
The normal number of erythrocytes in a cubic millimeter of blood is approximately
5 million
Normal blood pH falls in the range between____________to________
7.35-7.45
Blood type A carrier the ____ antigen
A
THe universal recipient has blood type
AB
The blood type that contains antigens A and B is
AB
The rarest blood type in the US is
AB
The plasma protein that contributes to the osmotic pressure of blood is ________.
Albumin
A person with type B blood can receive blood from blood types
B, O-
Which type of leukocytes contains heparin, and anitcoagulant?
Basophil
Which blood type can a person with blood type O recieve
Blood type O
Which of these blood types carries no antigens
Blood type O
The movement of WBC's to areas of inflammation in response to chemical mediators is called
Chemotaxis (pg. 345)
Compatibility testing for agglutination of donor RBCs by the recipients serum is called
Cross matching
The process by which WBCs are able to easily slip in and out of blood vessels is called
Diapedesis
The process by which white blood cells travel through the wall of blood vessels is termed _______
Diapedesis
Type of cell produced in response to erythropoietin
Erythrocyte
Anemias appearing in old age result from all of the following EXCEPT
Erythrocyte mutations. it DOES happen because of nutritional deficienies, drug therapy, leukemia, vitamin dificiencies
Most common type of blood cell
Erythrocytes
Type of cell that contains hemoglobin for gas transport
Erythrocytes
Type of cell that transports carbon dioxide
Erythrocytes
Which of the following formed elements is the most abundant
Erythrocytes
The anucleate cells that function to transport oxygen to the body's cells are called
Erythrocytes (RBC)
The hormone that regulates the rate of erythroctye production is called
Erythropoietin (pg 348)
The temperature of blood is slightly lower than body temperature T or F
False
A _______ clot is formed during the process of hemostasis.
Fibrin
Blood cell formation is called_____ and occurs in the red bone marrow.
Hematopoiesis
The process of blood cell formation within the red marrow of bones is called
Hematopoiesis
The condition in which maternal antibodies cross the placenta and destroy the baby's RBC's is called
Hemolytic disease of the newborn (pg 354)
Which of the following does NOT describe blood plasma
It is NOT the color of red wine. It does contain plasma proteins, metal oins (salts), its pH is 7.35-7.45 , it contains hormones
Which of the following is not a type of red blood cell disorder?
Leukemia is not. The following are Aplastic anemia, sickle cell anemia, pernicious anemia, polycythemia
Alternative name for white blood cells
Leukocytes
Excess number of these cells cause Leukocytosis
Leukocytes
Type of cell that contains a nucleus and organelles
Leukocytes
White blood cells are also called
Leukocytes
In a centrifuge blood sample, the buffy coat between the formed elements and the plasma contains
Leukocytes and platelets
An abnormal elevation of WBCs above the normal count of 11,000 cells/mm3 is called
Leukocytosis
Abnormally low levels of white blood cells causes a condition called
Leukopenia
Type of cell fragment involved in hemostasis
Lymphocyte
Form B and T lymphocytes
Lymphocytes
Long term "clean up" team
Monocytes
The most numerous white blood cells are the
Neutrophils
Which of the following groups consists of granulocytes
Neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils
The most common blood type in the US population is
O
The universal donor blood type that can donate to any blood group is type
O
The condition in which fetal RBCs are destroyed faster than the infant liver can rid the body of breakdown products of hemoglobin is called
Physiologic Jaundice
The matrix of blood is called
Plasma
Excessive erythrocytes result in
Polycythemia
Scott's blood test shows that he has excess red blood cells. Identify and describe two causes of this disorder
Polycythemia from 1. bone marrow cancer 2. Life at high altitudes
If you carry the Rh antigen, you are referred o as
Rh+
The immune serum used to prevent maternal sensitization to Rh antigens is
RhoGAM
Which one of the following is NOT a physical characteristic of blood.
Sweet tasting. Blood IS Sticky, opaque, heavier than water, alkaline
Which of the following is NOT true of WBCs
They do NOT initiate the clotting process. they DO use diapediesis to move in and out of the blood vessels, locate areas of tissue damage through chemotaxis, move by the ameboid motion, they account for less than 1 percent of total blood volume.
All formed elements arise from a common type of stem cell called a hemocytoblast True or False
True
An abnormally low WBC count is called Leukopenia
True
Blood plasma is largely water T or F
True
Normal blood volume in healthy males is 5-6 liters? T or F
True
Which of the following represents thee proper sequence of hemostasis
Vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, coagulation. (VPC) Voices Protest Communism
Bleeding disorders often result from a lack of one of the following vitamins
Vitamin K
The process whereby the binding of antibodies causes RBCs to clump is called
agglutination
When antibodies bind to antigens on foreign blood types, clumping or __________________ occurs.
agglutination
The plasma protein that contributes to the osmatic pressure of blood is
albumin
A clot that breaks away from a vessel wall and circulates freely within the bloodstream is called
an embolus
A decrease in the bloods ability to transport oxygen is called
anemia
A substance that stimulates the immune system to release antibodies
antigen
Substances that the body recognizes as foreign are called
antigens
Erythrocytes are...
anucleate
contain histamine
basophils
The ion essential for blood clotting is
calcium
a thrombus that has broken away from a vessel wall and is freely floating in the bloodstream is called an
embulus
The type of Leukocytes that would increase rapidly during allergy attacks and infections of parasitic warms are
eosinophils
increase during allergy attack
eosinophils
Kill parasitic worms
eosinphils
Transport carbon dioxide
erythrocytes
What blood cell transports oxygen bound to hemaglobin
erythrocytes
White blood cells containing granules and lobed nuclei are classified as
granular
The iron-containing protein found in RBCs that transports the majority of oxygen carried in the blood is ________.
hemaglobin
The stem cell that gives rise to all formed elements is the
hemocytoblasts
Hereditary bleeding disorders that result from lack of clotting factors are referred to as
hemophilia
The process by which bleeding is stopped is called
hemostasis
The series of reactions that stop blood flow following a cut is called
hemostasis
The organ largely responsible for the sythesis of clotting factors is the
liver
produce antibodies
lymphocytes
Platelets are fragments of multinucleate cells called
megakaryocytes pg. 347
The type of leukocytes that become macrophages in the tiessue are
monocytes
active phagocytes that become macrophages
monocytes
What blood cell activates phagocytes that increase rapidly during acute infection
neutrophils
Severe shock occurs with blood loss of
over 30 percent
Megakaryocytes pinch of anucleate fragments called
platelets
The red blood cell disorder caused by life at high altitude is called
polycythemia
The red blood cell disorder caused by life at high altitude is called.
polycythemia
An Immature RBC is called a
reticulocyte
Which chemical is released to bring out vasoconstriction during vascular spasm phase of hemostasis
serotonin
Blood cell formation in adults occurs in all of the following except the
shaft of the femur. it DOES occur in the flat bones of the skull, flat bones of pelvis, proximal epiphyses , and epiphyseal plates
The inherited type of anemia that causes spiky and sharp red blood cells is called
sickle cell anemia
An Insfficiency of circulating platelets is called
thombocytopenia
Prothrombin activator converts prothrombin to
thrombin
An insufficiency if circulating platelets is called
thrombocytopenia
Treatments of hemophilia often involves
transfusion of plasma or injections of missing clotting factors.