Exam Chapters 29 - 32 review questions

Hypothermia occurs when the core body temperature falls below: a. 98°F (37°C) b. 95°F (35°C) c. 90°F (32°C) d. 88°F (31°C)

95°F (35°C)

Which of the following is most likely to cause immediate death? a. Myocardial contusion b. Aortic rupture c. Pulmonary contusion d. Aortic dissection

Aortic rupture

Which of the following musculoskeletal injuries would MOST likely result in deformity? a. Severe strain b. Moderate sprain c. Displaced fracture d. Hairline fracture

Displaced fracture

In which of the following situations should the EMT splint an injured limb in the position of deformity? a. If a traction splint will be used to immobilize the injured extremity b. If resistance is encountered or the patient experiences severe pain c. When distal circulation and neurological functions are absent d. If transport time to the hospital is greater than 20 to 30 minutes

If resistance is encountered or the patient experiences severe pain

Compression injury is most likely due to which of the following? a. Improperly placed lab belt b. Stabbing c. Hollow-organ rupture d. Ejection of unrestrained driver

Improperly placed lab belt

Which of the following organs would MOST likely bleed profusely when injured? a. Bladder b. Liver c. Intestine d. Stomach

Liver

Which of the following is an early sign of pit viper envenomation? a. Syncope and bleeding at distal sites b. Local swelling and ecchymosis c. General weakness and diaphoresis d. Signs and symptoms of hypoperfusion

Local swelling and ecchymosis

When should you visually inspect the external genitalia on your patient? Select one: a. Always during the secondary assessment b. Only when there is a complaint of severe pain or other injury c. Anytime the patient agrees to treatment and transport d. Only when ordered by medical direction

Only when there is a complaint of severe pain or other injury

Which of the following musculoskeletal injuries would pose the greatest threat to a patient's life? a. Pelvic fracture with hypotension b. An amputated extremity c. Nondisplaced long bone fractures d. Bilateral femur fractures

Pelvic fracture with hypotension

Which of the following MOST accurately describes hyperthermia? a. The body eliminates more heat than it can generate b. The core body temperature exceeds 99.5°F (37°C) c. Heat evaporates a significant amount of body water d. The body is exposed to more heat than it can lose

The body is exposed to more heat than it can lose

Which of the following statements regarding abdominal eviscerations is correct? a. Adherent material is preferred when covering an evisceration b. Most eviscerations occur to the left upper quadrant c. The protruding organs should be kept warm and moist d. The organs should be replaced carefully to avoid heat loss

The protruding organs should be kept warm and moist

ou should suspect a kidney injury anytime the patient presents with _______. Select one: a. nausea b. a hematoma in the flank region c. dyspnea d. abdominal distention

a hematoma in the flank region

A flail chest occurs when: Select one: a. multiple ribs are fractured on both sides of the thoracic cage b. a segment of the chest wall is detached from the thoracic cage c. a segment of fractured ribs bulges during the inhalation phase d. more than three ribs are fractured on the same side of the chest

a segment of the chest wall is detached from the thoracic cage

While jogging, a 19-year-old male experienced an acute onset of shortness of breath and pleuritic chest pain. He is conscious and alert with stable vital signs. Your assessment reveals that he has diminished breath sounds over the left side of the chest. You should: Select one: a. circumferentially tape a dressing around his chest b. administer oxygen and transport to the hospital c. immediately perform a rapid head-to-toe exam d. recognize that he needs a needle decompression

administer oxygen and transport to the hospital

An open pneumothorax occurs when: a. air enters the pleural space from a perforated lung b. extreme pleural pressure causes the lung to rupture c. a fractured rib perforates the tissue of the lung d. air enters the pleural space from outside the body

air enters the pleural space from outside the body

During your assessment of a 29-year-old female with significant deformity to her left elbow, you are unable to palpate a radial pulse. Your transport time to the hospital is approximately 40 minutes. You should: a. carefully straighten the injured arm and secure it with padded board splints b. splint the elbow in the position of deformity and transport immediately c. make two or three attempts to restore distal circulation by manipulating the elbow d. apply gentle manual traction in line with the limb and reassess for a pulse

apply gentle manual traction in line with the limb and reassess for a pulse

A 54-year-old male experienced an avulsion to his penis when his foreskin got caught in the zipper of his pants. He was able to unzip his pants and remove the foreskin prior to your arrival. Your assessment reveals that he is in severe pain and that the avulsion is bleeding moderately. The MOST appropriate treatment for this patient includes: a. applying direct pressure with a dry, sterile dressing b. requesting a paramedic to administer pain medication c. covering the avulsion with moist, sterile dressings d. administering 100% oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask

applying direct pressure with a dry, sterile dressing

You and your partner respond to a park where several people were reportedly struck by lightning. When you arrive, you find three patients. The first patient is lying supine on the ground; he is unresponsive and does not appear to be breathing. The second patient is ambulatory, appears confused, and is holding his arm against his chest. The third patient is sitting on the ground holding the sides of his head. After calling for backup, you should: a. recognize that the patients who are conscious are at high risk for developing cardiac arrest and quickly assess them for potentially life-threatening injuries b. focus your initial treatment efforts on the patients who are conscious because the unresponsive patient is likely in irreversible cardiac arrest c. assess the unresponsive patient's pulse, begin CPR starting with chest compressions if he is pulseless, and attach the AED as soon as possible d. immediately begin CPR on the unresponsive patient, but cease resuscitation efforts if there is no response after 5 minutes of treatment

assess the unresponsive patient's pulse, begin CPR starting with chest compressions if he is pulseless, and attach the AED as soon as possible

Your documentation on a sexual assault victim should _______. Select one: a. include your opinion of the nature of the incident b. be objective and factual c. be subjective and summarize the crime d. describe the status of the suspect(s)

be objective and factual

Closed chest injuries are typically caused by _______. a. high-velocity weapons b. blunt trauma c. penetrating trauma d. flying debris

blunt trauma

The musculoskeletal system refers to the: a. involuntary muscles of the nervous system b. connective tissue that supports the skeleton c. nervous system's control over the muscles d. bones and voluntary muscles of the body

bones and voluntary muscles of the body

A fracture is MOST accurately defined as a(n): Select one: a. break in the continuity of the bone b. abnormality in the structure of a bone c. disruption in the midshaft of a bone d. total loss of function in a bone

break in the continuity of the bone

When caring for a patient with a possible fracture of the scapula, the EMT should: a. assume that minimal force was applied to the back b. recognize that scapular fractures are life threatening c. apply rigid board splints across the chest and back d. carefully assess the patient for breathing problems

carefully assess the patient for breathing problems

When a warm hand is immersed in water that is 70°F (21°C), heat is transferred from the hand to the water through a process called: a. radiation b. evaporation c. conduction d. convection

conduction

Your presence is requested by law enforcement to assess a 33-year-old female who was sexually assaulted. The patient is conscious and obviously upset. As you are talking to her, you note an impressive amount of blood on her clothes in the groin area. Her blood pressure is 98/58 mm Hg, her pulse is 130 beats/min, and her respirations are 24 breaths/min. You should: a. arrange for a rape crisis center representative to speak with the patient b. allow her to change her clothes and take a shower before you transport c. visualize the vaginal area and pack the vagina with sterile dressings d. control any external bleeding, administer oxygen, and transport at once

control any external bleeding, administer oxygen, and transport at once

A 54-year-old male accidentally shot himself in the leg while cleaning his gun. Your assessment reveals a small entrance wound to the medial aspect of his right leg. The exit wound is on the opposite side of the leg and is actively bleeding. The patient complains of numbness and tingling in his right foot. You should: Select one: a. assess distal pulses as well as sensory and motor functions b. gently manipulate the injured leg until the numbness dissipates c. control the bleeding and cover the wound with a sterile dressing d. manually stabilize the leg above and below the site of injury

control the bleeding and cover the wound with a sterile dressing

Drowning is MOST accurately defined as: a. temporary survival after submersion in water b. death beyond 24 hours after submersion in water c. water in the lungs following submersion in water d. death from suffocation after submersion in water

death from suffocation after submersion in water

The MOST significant hazard associated with splinting is: a. compression of nerves, tissues, and vasculature b. delaying transport of a critically injured patient c. reduction in circulation distal to the injury site d. aggravation of the injury or worsened pain

delaying transport of a critically injured patient

Difficulty breathing and a sunken appearance of the anterior abdominal wall is MOST indicative of a ruptured: Select one: a. aorta b. diaphragm c. spleen d. stomach

diaphragm

The thoracic cavity is separated from the abdominal cavity by the: Select one: a. costovertebral angle b. anterior rib cage c. diaphragm d. intercostal margin

diaphragm

The body's natural cooling mechanism, in which sweat is converted to a gas, is called: a. evaporation b. conduction c. radiation d. convection

evaporation

All of the following terms refer to a body part that is cold but not frozen, EXCEPT: a. frostnip b. immersion foot c. trench foot d. frostbite

frostbite

When a patient stiffens the muscles of the abdomen, it is known as _______. a. crepitus b. guarding c. instability d. distention

guarding

Common signs and symptoms of heat exhaustion include all of the following, EXCEPT: a. tachycardia b. nausea c. hot, dry skin d. headache

hot, dry skin

You respond to a residence for a 40-year-old female who was assaulted by her husband; the scene has been secured by law enforcement. Upon your arrival, you find the patient lying supine on the floor in the kitchen. She is semiconscious with severely labored breathing. Further assessment reveals a large bruise to the left anterior chest, jugular venous distention, and unilaterally absent breath sounds. As your partner is supporting her ventilations, you should: a. insert an oropharyngeal airway b. immediately request ALS support c. obtain a set of baseline vital signs d. perform a focused secondary exam

immediately request ALS support

Abdominal pain, vomiting, and fever are most likely due to _______. a. hypovolemia b. hemorrhage c. evisceration d. infection

infection

You are transporting a 42-year-old male who experienced blunt abdominal trauma. He is receiving oxygen at 12 L/min via a nonrebreathing mask and full spinal precautions have been applied. During your reassessment, you note his level of consciousness has decreased and his respirations have become shallow. You should: a. insert an airway adjunct if he will tolerate it and begin assisting his ventilations with a BVM b. perform a comprehensive secondary assessment to determine why his clinical status has changed c. suction his oropharynx to ensure it is clear of secretions and then increase the oxygen flow rate to 15 L/min d. reassess his vital signs and then notify the receiving hospital of the change in his clinical status

insert an airway adjunct if he will tolerate it and begin assisting his ventilations with a BVM

A simple pneumothorax: a. is caused by penetrating chest trauma b. heals on its own without any treatment c. often has a nontraumatic cause d. is commonly caused by blunt chest trauma

is commonly caused by blunt chest trauma

A 17-year-old female dislocated her patella while playing soccer. Her knee is flexed and she complains of severe pain. You should: a. flex her knee slightly more and assess for distal circulation b. make one attempt to return the patella to its normal position c. keep her knee flexed and secure it with padded board splints d. gently straighten her knee and apply a padded board splint

keep her knee flexed and secure it with padded board splints

You receive a call to a residence for a sick patient. Upon your arrival, you find the patient, a 53-year-old diabetic male, lying down on his front porch. His wife tells you that he had been mowing the lawn in the heat for the past 3 hours. The patient is confused and has hot, moist skin. His pulse is weak and thready, and his blood pressure is 90/50 mm Hg. You should: a. load him into the ambulance and begin rapid cooling interventions b. administer one tube of oral glucose and reassess his mental status c. perform a head-to-toe assessment and look for signs of trauma d. place him in a sitting position and have him drink 1 L of water

load him into the ambulance and begin rapid cooling interventions

Placing a pregnant patient in a supine position during the third trimester of pregnancy: a. often causes hypotension secondary to cardiac compression b. results in spontaneous urinary incontinence if the bladder is full c. may decrease the amount of blood that returns to the heart d. is recommended if the patient has severe abdominal discomfort

may decrease the amount of blood that returns to the heart

The venom of a black widow spider is toxic to the: a. renal system b. cardiovascular system c. respiratory system d. nervous system

nervous system

You have sealed the open chest wound of a 40-year-old male who was stabbed in the anterior chest. Your reassessment reveals that he is experiencing increasing respiratory distress and tachycardia, and is developing cyanosis. You should: a. begin ventilatory assistance b. begin rapid transport at once c. call for a paramedic ambulance d. partially remove the dressing

partially remove the dressing

In order to avoid exacerbating a patient's injury, it is especially important to use extreme caution when providing positive-pressure ventilation to patients with a: a. cardiac tamponade b. myocardial contusion c. pneumothorax d. flail chest

pneumothorax

Crepitus and false motion are: a. positive indicators of a fracture b. only seen with open fractures c. most common with dislocations d. indicators of a severe sprain

positive indicators of a fracture

The EMT must assume that any unwitnessed water-related incident is accompanied by: a. possible spinal injury b. cold-water immersion c. alcohol intoxication d. an air embolism

possible spinal injury

A 28-year-old male was struck in the chest with a baseball bat during an altercation. He is conscious and alert and complains of severe chest pain. Your assessment reveals a large area of ecchymosis over the sternum and a rapid, irregular pulse. In addition to providing supplemental oxygen, you should: a. apply bulky dressings to the sternum b. apply an AED and assess his BP. c. determine if he has cardiac problems d. prepare for immediate transport

prepare for immediate transport

Immediate life-threatening chest injuries must be found and managed during the _______. Select one: a. scene size-up b. patient history c. primary assessment d. secondary assessment

primary assessment

Because the depth of an open abdominal wound is often difficult to determine: a. the abdomen must be vigorously palpated b. prompt transport to the hospital is essential c. vital signs should be monitored frequently d. the EMT must perform a thorough exam

prompt transport to the hospital is essential

You are transporting a 28-year-old man with a frostbitten foot. The patient's vital signs are stable and he denies any other injuries or symptoms. The weather is treacherous and your transport time to the hospital is approximately 45 minutes. During transport, you should: a. administer oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask b. rewarm his foot in 102°F to 104°F (38.9°C to 40°C) water c. protect the affected part from further injury. d. cover his foot with chemical heat compresses

protect the affected part from further injury.

A "hip" fracture is actually a fracture of the: a. pelvic girdle b. femoral shaft c. pubic symphysis d. proximal femur

proximal femur

All of the following are hollow abdominal organs, EXCEPT the: a. stomach b. spleen c. bladder d. ureters

spleen

22-year-old female was ejected from her car after striking a tree head-on. As you approach her, you note obvious closed deformities to both of her femurs. She is not moving and does not appear to be conscious. You should: a. stabilize her head and perform a primary assessment b. administer oxygen and perform a rapid assessment c. assess for a carotid pulse and assist her ventilations d. apply manual stabilization to both of her femurs

stabilize her head and perform a primary assessment

Burns associated with lightning strikes are typically: a. partial-thickness b. full-thickness c. third-degree d. superficial

superficial

Patients with chest injuries will often present with _______. a. Kussmaul respirations b. Cheyne-Stokes respirations c. agonal respirations d. tachypnea

tachypnea

Skeletal muscle is attached to the bone by tough, ropelike, fibrous structures called: a. cartilage b. ligaments c. fascia d. tendons

tendons

An open fracture is MOST accurately defined as a fracture in which: a. the overlying skin is no longer intact b. bone ends protrude through the skin c. a large laceration overlies the fracture d. a bullet shatters the underlying bone

the overlying skin is no longer intact

In general, musculoskeletal injuries should be splinted before moving the patient unless: a. the patient is clinically unstable b. deformity and swelling are present c. transport time is less than 15 minutes d. the patient is in severe pain

the patient is clinically unstable

Children are often "belly breathers" because _______. Select one: a. their intercostal muscles are not developed b. their diaphragm is not functional c. they are consciously controlling ventilations d. they are routinely hypoxic

their intercostal muscles are not developed

Most of the serious injuries associated with scuba diving are caused by: a. cold water temperature b. alcohol consumption c. too rapid of an ascent d. too rapid of a descent

too rapid of an ascent