Exam II (5, 7, 8 ,14, 15, 13, 16)

Which statement is NOT usually true of those persons with body dysmorphic disorder?

Most disorder-specific behaviors would be considered normal for a teenager.

A friend tells you she has been diagnosed with depression and has started interpersonal therapy. However, she thinks cognitive-behavioral therapy or couple therapy may be more helpful. Based on research, which response is MOST accurate?

"All three treatments can be effective. If you have significant marital issues, then couple therapy might have added value."

If a friend is considering nutraceuticals for the treatment of depression, your BEST advice would be:

"Don't: Nutraceuticals don't work."

Biochemical explanations for bipolar disorder focus on all of the following EXCEPT:

hormonal functioning

Clients who tend to see everything that occurs as either all right or all wrong, with nothing in between, need to focus on which phase of Beck's treatment for depression?

identifying negative thinking and biases

A client being treated for avoidant personality disorder must increase the number of social contacts per day. The person, at the least, must greet others with the sentence,"Hello; how are you doing?" MOST likely, the therapist has which theoretical background:

cognitive-behavioral

Sebastian was outside the parking garage when, out of nowhere, he suddenly felt overwhelming fear. Sebastian noticed that his fear increased, he started to feel out of control, and the intensity of the feelings seemed to reach a peak and then pass within a few minutes. This is an example of a:

panic attack

Reese is distrustful of others and reacts quickly to perceived threats. Even though he has no evidence, he is sure his wife is unfaithful. He finds it almost impossible to forgive those he thinks have wronged him. Reese displays the characteristics of:

paranoid personality disorder

When the seat belt light in D.B.'s car stays on for a few extra seconds, she bursts into tears. She always craves attention and reacts to even the smallest event with an elaborate show of emotion. She probably could receive a diagnosis of:

histrionic personality disorder

Which statement is the BEST example of a claim that would be made by a developmental psychopathology theorist?

"Depression is triggered by many factors that operate together in a developmental sequence."

Which descriptor would be LEAST appropriate for someone experiencing obsessive-compulsive disorder, according to the cognitive perspective?

"Let the good times roll. Don't worry about tomorrow."

Violet has withdrawn from most social contacts because she never seems to be able to say the right thing. She just doesn't seem to fit in, and her comments are always misinterpreted. She feels alone and is depressed. This is an example of what interpersonal psychotherapists refer to as an:

interpersonal defici

One of the main problems in determining whether one's depression is endogenous or reactive is that:

it is unclear whether exposure to a stressor was a contributing factor or if it was a coincidence

A therapist is treating a client with severe depression using only behavioral activation techniques. How beneficial do you expect this treatment to be?

it will have limited effectiveness

The BEST example of a motivational symptom of unipolar depression is a:

man who stops cleaning his apartment and even stops showering.

Research suggests that even though second-generation antipsychotic medications reduce psychotic symptoms, they:

may only moderately improve overall life satisfaction among those with chronic schizophrenia

If a therapist gave a client homework that required the client to challenge faulty assumptions and replace them with healthier ones, the therapist would be using:

rational-emotive therapy

How can one BEST determine whether the use of token economies is an effective means of changing problematic behavior:

Record and compare behavior between a group that received tokens against a group that did not

A friend who has unipolar depression says, "I can't do anything right. Nobody will ever love me again." This statement reflects a(n)

cognitive symptom

A person experiencing unipolar depression writes in an activity schedule, "Go to store; doctor's appointment; visit museum; read novel; clean room." Which type of treatment is this person MOST likely receiving?

cognitive therapy

Which is NOT a criticism of DSM-5 diagnoses of personality disorders?

incorporating new research into the new edition

Which is the BEST example of adjunctive therapy?

A patient is both receiving drug therapy and undergoing interpersonal therapy withhis or her family

How do phobias and common fear differ?

A phobia leads to a greater desire to avoid the thing that causes fear

Which is the BEST example of a broad social anxiety?

Apprehension about being evaluated by others

How is catatonic stupor related to loss of volition?

Both appear to be behaviorally similar, but each has different underlying features

Juan is currently experiencing a period of sadness that has resulted in almost total immobility. He sits in a chair all day and almost never moves. His wife has to assist him in getting into bed at night. Which type of major depression would he MOST likely be diagnosed with?

Catatonic

Compare the evidence supporting the usefulness of client-centered therapy for those with generalized anxiety disorder versus those with the same condition who receive placebo therapy

Client-centered therapy is only sometimes superior to placebo therapy

What is one important way obsessions and compulsions are related?

Compulsions help people control their obsessions

Which statement about medication and schizophrenia is the LEAST accurate?

Medication is the only effective way to treat schizophrenia.

What do ECT, vagus nerve stimulation, and transcranial magnetic stimulation have in common:

Research on their use suggests that brain stimulation is effective in treating severe forms of depression

Which statement BEST represents current knowledge about mass murderers?

The focus of the field is more on the feelings of mass murderers than on their diagnoses

If bipolar disorder is genetically linked, then which of the following research findings, if obtained, would be the least likely?

The rate of bipolar disorder has increased steadily over the past decade

A woman constantly avoids crowded streets and buildings, and she is very reluctant to leave home, even with a friend. Recently, she has started experiencing extreme, sudden fear every time she enters a crowded street. MOST likely, this woman would be diagnosed with:

agoraphobia

Which piece of evidence, if found, would MOST strongly support the notion that hallucinations produce delusions?

an experiment showing that people who were induced to produce hallucinations were morelikely to develop delusions afterward

People with panic disorder experience body sensations:

more intensely than those people without panic disorder

If a person being treated for schizophrenia goes each day to a center where the focus is on improving social skills and receiving therapy, the person is participating in:

partial hospitalization

Eldon occasionally has a racing heartbeat. When this happens, he panics and thinks he is going to die. Gradually, he has developed panic attacks if he even thinks that his heart is beating strongly. Eldon apparently has a high degree of:

anxiety sensitivity

A major similarity between the work of Albert Ellis and Aaron Beck is the:

belief that maladaptive thoughts cause anxiety

The mechanism of action of imipramine is to:

block the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin

Camila felt like she was on an emotional roller coaster. She felt angry and empty. Camila's feelings are MOST similar to those of someone with which personality disorder:

borderline

Janna says "There's nothing out there for me. I can't stand other people, and I can't stand myself, either. I'm just really mad right now." She likely has which personality disorder?

borderline

"I can't work with that client!" says your friend, the psychotherapist. "As soon as I show any empathy at all, it becomes almost impossible to challenge the client, and the client keeps calling me at all hours of the day." MOST likely, this is a client with:

borderline personality disorder

The BEST evidence for the effectiveness of the psychodynamic approach comes from:

case study reports

Which of the following would provide the strongest evidence to support the theory that schizophrenia is due to socioeconomic factors?

evidence showing that the rate of schizophrenia changes after people have moved from ahigher to a lower, or from a lower to a higher, socioeconomic status

If you are a member of a minority, you are:

likely to benefit from culturally sensitive therapy

What kinds of treatment programs seem to work best for mentally ill chemical abusers (MICAs)?

long-term, individualized, comprehensive therapy

A person with schizophrenia who says, "I have 'triscatitis' because the angular shape of myforeffit is diskiltered," is experiencing:

loose associations

Neurochemically, both unipolar depression and bipolar disorder are associated with:

low serotonin activity

A person is being treated for a social anxiety disorder. A therapist watches the person act out a social scene, points out what she did correctly and incorrectly, and praises her for what she did well. Which behavioral technique did the therapist NOT use?

modeling

A woman has just been diagnosed with postpartum depression. MOST likely, she will:

neither progress to postpartum psychosis nor physically harm her child

A group of diagnostic clinicians can't agree with each other on appropriate personality disorder diagnoses for several clients. In fact, it is obvious that, in many cases, they have inaccurately made their diagnoses. Assuming they are competent clinicians, this situation would indicate the DSM-5 categories for personality disorder are:

neither reliable nor valid

A person who is experiencing a potentially fatal reaction to an antipsychotic drug involving muscle rigidity and autonomic nervous system dysfunction is displaying:

neuroleptic malignant syndrome

Unlike unipolar depression, bipolar depression is associated with high _____activity.

norepinephrine

A hospitalized patient no longer talks about delusions and hallucinations, thanks to participating in a token economy program. However, critics of the token economy program would say that the token economy program has:

not eliminated the delusions and hallucinations but has improved the patient's ability to imitate normal behavior

A woman experiences recurrent thoughts of suicide, great sadness, and sleep disturbances. These symptoms began a week after she gave birth and have lasted more than 6 months. This woman is experiencing:

peripartum depression

Millie sees pretty colored butterflies on all the walls. She also hears gentle music, which is not actually there. The presence of these behaviors illustrates _____ symptoms of schizophrenia

positive

Cognitive-behavioral therapists would be MOST likely to say that people with depression must improve their social skills because:

positive reinforcement is given to people who exhibit positive social behavior

Easton saw his best friend shot and killed by a gunman who was driving through his neighborhood. A month later, Easton is in a psychologist's office complainingthat he cannot work; everything seems hopeless. He has several other symptoms consistent with these complaints. Based on these data, the diagnosis would MOST likely be:

reactive depression

The contingency management approach is an example of the application of_____ to the treatment of depression

reinforcement

A middle-aged individual shows many of the negative symptoms of schizophrenia and at the same time often appears profoundly depressed. The symptoms have lasted almost a year. This is an example of:

schizoaffective disorder

A person who is LEAST likely to be affected by criticism or praise from other people is one suffering from:

schizoid personality disorder

When Selina sees a report of a train wreck on television, she thinks that it is a sign that she should not take the train to work the next day and so decides to take the bus instead. If she has a diagnosable personality disorder, it is MOST likely:

schizotypal personality disorder

The key to long-term treatment of depression is:

some sort of maintenance therapy

You might suspect an "era of narcissism" is approaching for a country when:

there is increasing emphasis on self-expression and competitiveness.

The schizoid personality disorder differs from paranoid personality disorder in that:

those with schizoid personality disorder desire to be alone; those with paranoid personality are alone because of suspiciousness

A psychiatrist says, "I want to maximize the antipsychotic effect of a drug while minimizing its undesirable side effects." What's the BEST advice you can give the psychiatrist:

use an atypical antipsychotic drug

Which statement is accurate advice that you could give someone thinking about taking traditional antipsychotic medication for schizophrenia?

"Although these drugs will probably work, there are significant side effects."

A person says, "I've been diagnosed with social anxiety disorder, and my therapist wants me to use drug therapy, not psychological therapy. I don't know which to choose." Based on current research, the BEST answer would be:

"Some therapists think psychological therapy should always be used, even with drug therapy; there's less chance of relapse."

Which statement most accurately reflects up-to-date research on DSM-5 categories of personality disorder?

Individuals do not necessarily have to have very similar personalities to receive the same diagnosis

A therapist describes a patient who believes her personal worth is tied to each task she performs. She draws negative conclusions from very little evidence, amplifies minor mistakes into major character flaws, and suffers from repetitive thoughts that remind her of her flaws. You conclude that the therapist holds which theoretical orientation?

Cognitive-behavioral

Why is interpersonal psychotherapy considered a sociocultural approach?

Depression is thought to result from individual pathology

Psychological approaches to treating depression share which assumption?

Depression should be treated by helping people recognize, interpret, evaluate, and change how they think about and respond to past losses

If you are receiving therapy designed to teach you and your spouse specific communication and problem-solving skills, your therapist is practicing:

Integrative behavioral couples therapy

Which is an example of a specific social anxiety?

Fear of public speaking

Destiny was taking a tricyclic to treat her unipolar depression. Upon resolution of her depressive symptoms, Destiny immediately stopped taking her tricyclic. How likely is it that she will experience a relapse?

High; the relapse rate in this situation is approximately 50 percent

Which is NOT a disadvantage of taking benzodiazepines?

Lack of sleep, increased anxiety, and passivity

Most individuals feel "depressed" at some point in time. Which statement BEST describes the difference between this depression and a depressive disorder?

Periods of general "depression" are shorter lived, whereas those with depressive disorders experience severe and long-lasting psychological pain

Which statement MOST accurately reflects current research findings regarding phobias?

Phobias may be a result of classical conditioning

Which statement is true regarding the relationship between obsessive-compulsive disorder (an anxiety disorder) and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder?

Some people with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder also experience obsessive-compulsive disorder

According to Martin Seligman's theory, which person would be MOST likely to develop learned helplessness?

Someone who experienced uncontrollable negative events and then a controllable negative event

Which statement MOST accurately reflects the connections among stress, immune function, and unipolar depression?

Stress disrupts immune functioning, which may then produce unipolar depression

How can publication bias affect people's perceptions about the effectiveness of antidepressant drug therapy for unipolar depression?

Studies that have positive findings are more likely to be published, which could result in an overstated effectiveness

Which statement BEST describes what is known about the relationship between neurotransmitters and unipolar depression?

The interaction between serotonin and norepinephrine is more influential than the activity of each of these neurotransmitters by itself.

A person with bipolar disorder is taking a commonly used drug to stabilize mood in the manic episodes. What else might also happen as a result of taking this drug?

The person might experience at least partial relief from depressive episodes

What is the MOST likely reason that Dr. Hoover seldom prescribes drugs when treating clients with borderline personality disorder:

The risk of suicide increases because using drugs may lead to overdose.

Which conclusion could be drawn about the current theories of gender differences in relation to depression?

They all have some supporting evidence, but they all also have some research findings they cannot explain

Which statement is NOT generally true of those with antisocial personality disorder?

They care for no one's safety, except theirs and their children's

How do personality disorders differ from the personality characteristics of typical people?

They lead to more maladaptive, distressful, and inflexible behaviors

Which statement about atypical antipsychotic drugs is NOT true?

They produce very few side effects compared to other antipsychotic medications.

If future editions of the DSM change to a dimensional approach in the diagnosis of personality disorders, what action will be required of clinicians?

They will need to rate the degree of dysfunction caused by each person's traits in diagnosing personality disorders

As a psychiatrist, you prescribe a patient with schizophrenia a second-generation antipsychotic medication. What patient education, regarding this medicine, should you provide?

This medication needs to be taken even after symptoms have subsided

Why would a cognitive therapist have clients keep records of instances when they tell themselves, "I can't do anything right" and "Nobody will ever love me again"?

To help clients understand that these thoughts are probably baseless

What is the biggest difference between treatment outcomes for persons with agoraphobia and persons with specific phobias?

Treatment of agoraphobia brings less relief to individuals than do the highly successful treatments for specific phobias

Imagine that your neighbor, who is being treated for schizophrenia, says that she has mostly negative symptoms of schizophrenia and is afraid of the extrapyramidal side effects of medication. She asks you what she should do. Based on current research, the BEST response is:

Try atypical antipsychotics; they should work best."

Someone says to you, "Homeless people scare me. They're all crazy." Based on research, what is the BEST response?

Unfortunately, about a quarter of homeless people have schizophrenia.

Based on current research, what is the BEST recommendation about therapy for an adolescent experiencing depression?

Use a combination of drug therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy

A friend says to you, "He must have antisocial personality disorder; look how careful he is about his own well-being but how careless he is about others' safety." Your MOST accurate reply would be:

You're partly right; most people with antisocial personality disorder are careless about their own safety, as well as the safety of others.

When Grant was released from the hospital after receiving treatment for schizophrenia, his parents scolded him about finding a job and were very critical of his dietary habits. Grant later became suspicious of his parents, and his delusional thoughts soon returned. This example illustrates:

a high level of expressed emotion displayed by Grant's parents

On an impulse, Jaxson decides to throw a huge party. It takes four days of round-the-clock work to get everything ready, and then Jaxson welcomes more than 200 guests. When the police stop by because Jaxson has blocked a public road to have room for the party, he flies into a rage. It is MOST likely that Jaxson is experiencing:

a manic phase of bipolar I disorder

Rosita swings between periods of bottomless depression and high-flying enthusiasm. She never hits the middle. Her physician is MOST likely to recommend treatment with:

a mood-stabilizing drug.

After a couple divorced, you learn that one of them is suffering from depression. It is MOST likely that:

a troubled marriage led to the depression

Compared with conventional antipsychotic medications, the dosage-response curve for atypical medications reveal which relationship between drug efficacy and extrapyramidal side effects?

a wider gap between the drug's efficacy and extrapyramidal side effects for low andmoderate dosage levels

A clinician says at a workshop, "I prefer the most recently developed antidepressant medications, because they are just as effective as tricyclics and they don't require dietary restrictions." This statement is:

accurate

Which would MOST clearly fit into the biosocial theory of the development of borderline personality disorder?

an individual who has difficulty controlling internal emotions and parents who mislabel those emotions

Brody no longer enjoys his usual hobbies, talking to his friends, or even playing with his dog. In fact, Brody didn't even care when he learned that he was up for a promotion at work. This BEST describes someone with:

anhedonia

If you were working with a patient who displayed muscle tremors and rigidity, facial-tics, and tardive dyskinesia, you would suspect that the person was receiving:

antipsychotic drugs

An adult has been jailed for the third time for fraud; each time it has been for persuading investors to put money into a phony silver mine. If the adult has received a DSM-5 diagnosis, it is MOST likely either:

antisocial personality disorder or a substance-related disorder

Like those with paranoid personality disorder, those with avoidant personality disorder usually:

are very sensitive to criticism

A person with schizophrenia who hears all the animals around her making plans to get her ready for the ball, and comes to think of herself as Cinderella, is experiencing a(n) _____ hallucination and a delusion of _____.

auditory; grandeur

I sit staring at a blank page, unable to make myself write a new multiple choice test item; I just don't seem to care. My behavior is like that of people with schizophrenia displaying the symptom called:

avolition

Researchers believe that panic disorder is biologically different from generalized anxiety disorder, based on differences in the:

brain circuitry involved in the two disorders

Which is the BEST example of a finding from genetic linkage and molecular biology studies:

ch.14 #21

Beck's cognitive therapy is to _____, as acceptance and commitment therapy is to_____.

changing negative cognitions; accepting negative cognitions

When he was 5 years old, Sunil was almost struck by lightning while walking through a forest during a rainstorm. Today, he is extremely afraid of trees. A behaviorist would say that he has acquired this fear by:

classical conditioning

Hallucinations are to _____, as delusions are to _____

cognition; emotion

José is depressed. His therapist told him that reading a book each month would help. He should also visit friends, go bowling, do the laundry, mow the lawn, and eat meals with his partner. In short, José should increase his positive activity. His therapist has MOST likely adopted the _____ orientation

cognitive-behavioral

The clinician who would be MOST likely to ask, "Do you believe you will always feel like this in all situations?", is a(n):

cognitive-behavioral clinician

If you are being treated for schizophrenia and are learning to distract yourself from the voices you hear and to reinterpret them as just a symptom of your disorder rather than reality, you are MOST likely receiving:

cognitive-behavioral therapy

Conclusions from extensive studies of the effectiveness of various forms of treatment for depression show that:

cognitive-behavioral, interpersonal, and biological treatments are all effective treatments

When Marianela was a young child and watching TV with her mother, a mouse ran by. Her mother screamed, scaring her. Ever since then, Marianela has been afraid of mice. In this example, the mouse is the:

conditioned stimulus

A therapist wants to implement a token economy. To help ensure that the program is effective, the therapist should:

define the behavior to be reinforced and establish expectations for earning tokens

A person acts extremely jealous all the time and complains bitterly whenever other people appear to be getting more attention. This has been going on for a couple of months, and the person shows no other substantial symptoms. The BEST diagnosis, assuming the extreme jealousy has no basis in fact, is:

delusional disorder

Rosa is sure that her family is planning to kidnap her and take her inheritance. She has found her husband talking on the phone in whispers and seen her children looking at her strangely. Rosa is MOST likely suffering from:

delusions of persecution

Antonio believes that the anchor on the evening television news is speaking directly and personally to him. He then decides to go to the television studio to talk to the anchor. Antonio is suffering from:

delusions of reference

The evidence MOST problematic for the psychodynamic explanations of depression is that:

depression affects people who had their childhood needs met and who did not suffer a loss early in life

A person with schizophrenia says to you, "Insects make me itch. My brother collects them; he is 5 feet 10 inches tall. That's my favorite number. I dance and draw." This example illustrates which symptom of schizophrenia?

derailment

DSM-5 has been described as functioning like a light switch, which can be on or off. In other words, one either does or does not qualify for a personality disorder diagnosis. Some theorists suggest that degree of symptoms, not symptom absence or presence, is more important and similar to a:

dimmer switch, with the light adjustable from all the way off to all the way

Martin is a person with schizophrenia who feels ambivalent about most issues. He has no goals and does not seem to have the energy or interest to think about them. He certainly cannot make decisions. He is MOST likely suffering from:

disturbances in volition

Based on current research, the treatment recommended for someone experiencing bipolar disorder is:

drug therapy, perhaps accompanied by psychotherapy

Evidence suggests that restricted affect among those with schizophrenia may reflect the inability to _____ emotions, not the inability to _____ them

express; feel

When dialectical behavior therapy is used with patients with borderline personality disorder, those patients, compared with patients receiving other forms of therapy, make:

far fewer suicide attempts and are hospitalized less often

Research evaluating the effectiveness of various approaches to treating postpartum psychosisis lacking. All of the following are potential reasons for this EXCEPT:

finding a sufficient number of research participants is difficult because there are very fewinstances of the disorder to begin with

If a person with schizophrenia were making involuntary tic like movements of the tongue, mouth, face, or whole body, smacking the lips, and making sucking and chewing movements, one would suspect the patient:

had been taking antipsychotic medication for a long time.

Helena was just discharged from a public mental health facility. She went to live with other former patients in a group-living arrangement. There were staff members there to help, but the residents controlled most of the day-to-day activities. Helena's living arrangement is a:

halfway house

According to sociocultural theorists, generalized anxiety disorder is LEAST likely to develop in people who:

have a lot of free time to think and ruminate about their problems

A 12-year-old middle-school European American girl from a middle-class socioeconomic background has been diagnosed with bipolar I disorder. Which of her characteristics is MOST unusual for those with bipolar I disorder diagnosis?

her age

A person recently was diagnosed with social anxiety disorder. A BEST guess is that the person is in _____ school and is _____ likely than average to have a close relative with social anxiety disorder

high; more

In the middle of a calm conversation, a person with Tourette's syndrome might suddenly begin shouting and follow that with a string of obscenities. This is similar to the symptom of schizophrenia called:

inappropriate affect

Biologically speaking, if one wanted to treat antisocial personality disorder, one would want to _____ the individual with the disorder.

increase the anxiety level of

If instruments such as the Big Five are used to describe personality, rather than relying on DSM-5, then diagnoses of psychological disorder would become:

less categorical and more a matter of degree

When the teams of Turner and Kirch accounted for publication bias, they found that the actual effectiveness of antidepressants was:

less than what was originally reported

A person experiencing mania goes out with friends, looking for adventure. In addition, the individual talks loudly, runs rather than walks, and gives away a lot of money to random people on the street. These symptoms are primarily:

motivational and emotional

A therapist treating a client diagnosed with borderline personality disorder came up with the following analysis: the parents probably did not want children in the first place; the child just was not accepted; the child developed low self-esteem, dependency, and an inability to cope with separation. The therapist's theoretical orientation is MOST likely:

object relations theory.

Rosa's heart was racing from the four cups of coffee she had just finished, but she thought she might be having a heart attack. Her fear seemed to be increasing without end. This might be the beginning of a:

panic attack

Some hospitalized mental patients not only failed to improve but also suffered negative effects of their care. This syndrome is called:

social breakdown syndrome

Research has found that people with schizophrenia who received _____ were less likelyto be readmitted to the hospital compared with those who received ___

social therapy and antipsychotic medication; only social therapy or antipsychotic medication

The way people with schizophrenia were housed in mental hospitals during the first half of the twentieth century could be compared to a:

storage facility

Dylan is suffering from arachnophobia. His therapist first has him go through relaxation training, and then has him construct a fear hierarchy. Finally, the therapist has Dylan go through a phase of graded pairings of spiders and relaxation responses. This approach is called:

systematic desensitization

Hallucination reinterpretation and acceptance is a therapeutic approach that includes all of the following features EXCEPT:

teaching clients to identify the source of their hallucinations

According to the psychodynamic perspective, if someone keeps obsessing about immoral sexual behavior and repeatedly scrubs his or her face and hands in response to those thoughts:

the immoral images represent id impulses

Ugo Cerletti, the first psychiatrist to use ECT effectively, later abandoned the procedure because of:

the likelihood of causing broken bones and dislocated joints

If you could "get inside the head" of a person experiencing auditory hallucinations, you would MOST likely find that:

the person actually produces nerve signals of sound in the brain

The strong relationship between antisocial personality disorder and substance abuse means that:

there are high rates of substance abuse among those with antisocial personality disorder

A third-grade teacher gives students stickers throughout the school day when they engage in appropriate behaviors. At the end of the day, students can trade in their stickers for treats from the class "treasure chest." This program is MOST similar to which form of therapy used for institutionalized people with schizophrenia:

token economy

A person suspected of having unipolar depression has a smaller-than-normal hippocampus, although it produces a normal number of new neurons. This is:

unusual; individuals with unipolar depression usually have a smaller-than-normal hippocampus, causing it to produce a low number of new neurons