Exam II
Obstructive sleep apnea occurs when ________.
An individual's airway becomes blocked during sleep.
According to Albert Bandura, ________.
Learning can occur by watching others and modeling what they do or say.
The social cognitive theory of hypnosis suggests that ________.
People in hypnotic states are performing the social role of a hypnotized person.
Remembering ________ is a good example of episodic memory.
XXX how a hamburger tastes even though you have never tasted it yourself XXX
Tasks that require you to compare, contrast, or evaluate are using the ________ intelligence component of the triarchic theory of intelligence.
analytical
Quincy is struck on the back of the head and finds, while she can remember her life up to the time she was struck on the head, she can no longer make new memories. Quincy has ________ amnesia.
anterograde
Sharmila cannot remember what she had for breakfast last week, but she can remember the day she got married ten years ago as clearly as if it just happened. This example illustrates the ________ theory.
arousal
Classical and operant conditioning are forms of ________ learning.
associational
Harold catches fish throughout the day at unpredictable intervals. Which reinforcement schedule is this?
variable interval
You call a friend on the phone and repeatedly get sent to voicemail, so you continue to call her every 5-20 minutes hoping to speak to her personally. Which reinforcement schedule is this?
variable interval
Mabel clicks her tongue while tickling Francis. Eventually, Francis starts to squirm and giggle every time Mabel clicks her tongue, even when he is not being tickled. In this example, tongue clicking is a(n) ________.
conditioned stimulus
Not all aspects of cognition are ________.
consciously experienced
Ali is aware of his feelings, emotions, and thoughts. He is also aware of his surroundings, the warmth of the sun, and the sound of nearby traffic. Ali is in a state of ________.
consciousness
________intelligence is marked by inventing or imagining a solution to a problem or situation.
creative
Alcohol is considered a ________ because it tends to suppress central nervous system activity.
depressant
Which of the following is an example of a mnemonic device?
dividing your telephone number into groups of numbers to remember it easier drinking coffee when you study for your math exam, then drinking coffee at your exam to reproduce the mental state you had when you studied using a biofeedback machine to track your alpha waves during an exam *using the acronym "HOMES" to remember the names of the five Great Lakes*
What did John B. Watson and Rosalie Rayner demonstrate with their studies of Little Albert?
emotion can be a conditioned response
Which of the following is the decrease in the conditioned response when the unconditioned stimulus is no longer presented with the conditioned stimulus?
extinction
Which concept is a type of mental set where you cannot perceive an object being used for something other than what it was designed for?
functional fixedness
While ________ is generally achieved through the interaction of a therapist and the person being treated, an individual can perform ________ alone.
hypnosis; meditation
What are innate behaviors that are triggered by a broader range of events, such as aging and the change of seasons?
instincts
In Howard Gardner's Multiple Intelligences Theory, ________ intelligence and ________ intelligence are often combined into a single type: emotional intelligence.
interpersonal; intrapersonal
People may not intend to distort facts, but ________.
it can happen in the process of retrieving old memories and combining them with new memories
Mona lives in North Carolina. She takes an overnight flight to California to visit with family for a month; when she arrives she is fatigued, sluggish, and irritable. For the next week or so she has trouble sleeping. Mona is probably suffering from ________.
jet lag
Julian watches his grandfather repair watches. As Julian matures he imitates what his grandfather does, and then his grandfather shows him more complicated techniques. Eventually, Julian is as proficient at repairing watches as his grandfather. This exemplifies ________.
learning
Knowing what a rainbow looks like because you have seen a rainbow is an example of a ________ concept.
natural
Learning that occurs while watching others and then imitating, or modeling, what they do or say is called ________ learning.
observational
Hideki tells a lie and is grounded. He does this several times, finally learning that his behavior (lying) is associated with a consequence (being grounded). Which kind of learning is this?
operant conditioning
Morphine is considered a(n) ________ drug because it decreases pain.
opioid
Engram refers to the ________.
physical trace of memory
Anwar dresses for a cold fall day and steps outside to find it sunny and hot. He goes back inside to change out of his sweater and jeans into a shirt and shorts. Anwar is demonstrating the ________ intelligence component of the triarchic theory of intelligence.
practical
When you take a multiple-choice test, you are relying on ________, a means of retrieving information out of your long-term memory storage system that helps you choose the correct answer.
recognition
Kicking your leg when your knee is tapped and quickly pulling your hand back when you accidently touch a hot stove are both examples of ________.
reflexes
Uncomfortable sensations in the leg during periods of inactivity are a symptom of ________ leg syndrome.
restless
The act of getting information out of memory storage and back into conscious awareness is known as ________.
retrieval
What are the two components of declarative memory?
semantic and episodic
Mia is taught to go to sleep when the light is turned off. However, for many months Mia no longer falls asleep when the light is turned off. Later, Mia begins to fall asleep when the light is turned off again. This is an example of ________.
spontaneous recovery
Victoria has accumulated a large sleep debt. This means that she ________.
suffers from chronic sleep deprivation
Dozens of people witness a purse snatching. One of the eyewitnesses loudly yells "the man with the blue shirt did it." Later, when questioned by police, several other eyewitnesses remember the purse snatcher wearing a blue shirt, even though the purse snatcher was a woman in flowered dress. This is an example of ________: the effects of misinformation from external sources that leads to the creation of false memories.
suggestibility
From a psychological perspective, the term cognition means ________.
thinking
Which of the following is a good example of visual encoding?
thinking about a dog you want to adopt and having the image of the dog appear in your mind
Which of the following is an example of a synthetic opioid?
methadone
What can you do to realign your biological clock with the external world when you work a rotating shift?
Expose yourself to bright light while working.
Which of the following statements about Ivan Pavlov is true?
He is known for establishing the principles of classical conditioning.
Which of the following is a good example of anterograde amnesia?
John Doe is in a car accident. Every day he wakes up with no memory of what he did the day before, feeling as though no time has passed because he is unable to form new memories.
Pan finds it difficult to learn the alphabet, until he hears the alphabet song. Then he can easily remember it. This is an example of ________ encoding.
acoustic
The ________ wave is characteristic of stage 1 sleep.
alpha
In order for a memory to go into storage (i.e., long-term memory), it has to pass through three distinct stages: sensory memory, short-term memory, and ________ memory.
long-term
In a ________ dream, people become aware that they are dreaming and can control the dream's content.
lucid
Isla is describing her dream to a friend. She explains that in her dream she being chased by zombies and she escaped them by hiding in a refrigerator. Her description of her dream is focused on ________ content.
manifest